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Vamanu E, Gatea F, Avram I, Radu GL, Singh SK. Dysbiotic Gut Microbiota Modulation by Aronia Fruits Extract Administration. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010032. [PMID: 36675981 PMCID: PMC9865120 DOI: 10.3390/life13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The administration of chokeberry extract in vitro in the GIS1 system was evaluated for the modulation capacity of the dysbiotic pattern resulting from the consumption of stevia. The microbial pattern determined by molecular method, the metabolomic one (fatty acids), the evolution of the antioxidant status, and the cytotoxic effect were determined comparatively for six months. This study presented for the first time that Aronia extract has a strong antimicrobial effect but also a presence of new organic acids that can be used as a biomarker. The functional supplement had the impact of a gradual increase in antioxidant status (DPPH scavenging activity) for up to three months and a subsequent decrease correlated with the reduction of the microbial load (especially for Enterobacteriaceae). The effect on metabolomic activity was specific, with butyric acid being generally unaffected (0.6-0.8 mg/mL) by the antimicrobial effect manifested after three months of administration. The pH was strongly acidic, corresponding to the constant presence of maximum values for acetic and lactic acid. The non-selective elimination of a part of the microbiota could also be correlated with a decrease in metabolomic efficiency. The results in the GIS1 system indicated for the first time that the controlled use of this extract had a pronounced antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect. This has helped to correct the dysbiotic pattern that results after the long-term use of sweeteners based on an increase of 0.2 log UFC/mL for favorable strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (F.G.); Tel.: +40-7422-18240 (E.V.); +40-7235-12056 (F.G.)
| | - Florentina Gatea
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (F.G.); Tel.: +40-7422-18240 (E.V.); +40-7235-12056 (F.G.)
| | - Ionela Avram
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, 36-46 Bd. M. Kogalniceanu, 5th District, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Lucian Radu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
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Ren Y, Frank T, Meyer G, Lei J, Grebenc JR, Slaughter R, Gao YG, Kinghorn AD. Potential Benefits of Black Chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa) Fruits and Their Constituents in Improving Human Health. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227823. [PMID: 36431924 PMCID: PMC9696386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aronia berry (black chokeberry) is a shrub native to North America, of which the fresh fruits are used in the food industry to produce different types of dietary products. The fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia berries) have been found to show multiple bioactivities potentially beneficial to human health, including antidiabetic, anti-infective, antineoplastic, antiobesity, and antioxidant activities, as well as heart-, liver-, and neuroprotective effects. Thus far, phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, cyanidins, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, triterpenoids, and their analogues have been identified as the major active components of Aronia berries. These natural products possess potent antioxidant activity, which contributes to the majority of the other bioactivities observed for Aronia berries. The chemical components and the potential pharmaceutical or health-promoting effects of Aronia berries have been summarized previously. The present review article focuses on the molecular targets of extracts of Aronia berries and the examples of promising lead compounds isolated from these berries, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid. In addition, presented herein are clinical trial investigations for Aronia berries and their major components, including cancer clinical trials for chlorogenic acid and COVID-19 trial studies for quercetin. Additionally, the possible development of Aronia berries and their secondary metabolites as potential therapeutic agents is discussed. It is hoped that this contribution will help stimulate future investigations on Aronia berries for the continual improvement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Tyler Frank
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gunnar Meyer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jizhou Lei
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica R. Grebenc
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ryan Slaughter
- OSU South Centers, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yu G. Gao
- OSU South Centers, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (A.D.K.)
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Yang Y, Nian S, Li L, Wen X, Liu Q, Zhang B, Lan Y, Yuan Q, Ye Y. Fully human recombinant antibodies against EphA2 from a multi-tumor patient immune library suitable for tumor-targeted therapy. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10379-10400. [PMID: 34709992 PMCID: PMC8810047 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced EphA2 expression is observed in a variety of epithelial-derived malignancies and is an important target for anti-tumor therapy. Currently, Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoints have shown good efficacy for tumor treatment. In this study, we constructed an immune single-chain fragment variable (scFv) library using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 200 patients with a variety of malignant tumors. High affinity scFvs against EphA2 can be easily screened from the immune library using phage display technology. Anti-EphA2 scFvs can be modified into any form of recombinant antibody, including scFv-Fc and full-length IgG1 antibodies, and the recombinant antibody affinity was improved following modification. Among the modified anti-EphA2 antibodies the affinity of 77-IgG1 was significantly increased, reaching a pmol affinity level (10−12). We further demonstrated the binding activity of recombinant antibodies to the EphA2 protein, tumor cells, and tumor tissues using macromolecular interaction techniques, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Most importantly, both the constructed scFvs-Fc, as well as the IgG1 antibodies against EphA2 were able to inhibit the growth of tumor cells to some extent. These results suggest that the immune libraries from patients with malignant tumors are more likely to screen for antibodies with high affinity and therapeutic effect. The constructed fully human scFv immune library has broad application prospects for specific antibody screening. The screened scFv-Fc and IgG1 antibodies against EphA2 can be used for the further study of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Siji Nian
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Lin Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic medical science, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
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