1
|
Brown T, Johnson T, Gomes A, Samavat H, Byham-Gray L. Knowledge and clinical practice of ASPEN registered dietitian nutritionist members regarding blenderized tube feedings. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:651-664. [PMID: 38506319 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blenderized tube feedings (BTFs) are used by patients/caregivers who report improvements in gastrointestinal tolerance compared with standard commercial feedings. Despite positive outcomes, registered dietitian nutritionists or international equivalents (RDN/Is) hesitate to recommend BTFs. We aimed to determine if an association exists between dietitian characteristics and willingness to recommend BTFs. METHODS A BTF-specific survey (N = 157) assessed for validity and reliability was administered to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) RDN/I members. Binary logistic regression analyses examined the association between age, years of clinical practice, BTF training/education, patient population served, and willingness to recommend BTFs. RESULTS The response rate was 4.3% of ASPEN RDN/I members. Most respondents were White females with a median age of 39.0 years and 12 years of clinical experience. Although 98.7% of respondents expressed a willingness to support and 73% to recommend BTFs, 60% were not using BTFs in clinical practice. For 94.8% of RDN/Is, the primary reason for BTF use was patient/caregiver requests. After adjustment for age and years of clinical practice, RDN/Is who served pediatric populations (odds ratio [OR] = 4.28; 95% CI, 1.52-12.09) or used three or more professional resources (OR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.12-5.57), industry-sponsored resources (OR = 3.15; 95% CI, 1.39-7.15), or one or more experiential learning resources (OR = 3.14; 95% CI, 1.38-7.17) were more likely to recommend BTFs whereas those serving adults were less likely to recommend BTFs (OR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.95). CONCLUSION Pediatric RDN/Is and individuals with BTF-specific education/training were more inclined to recommend BTFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Brown
- Food and Nutrition Services, HealthTrust Supply Chain, Coppell, Texas, USA
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Allison Gomes
- Department of Nutrition, Cedar Crest College, Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hamed Samavat
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laura Byham-Gray
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schultz ER, Kim Y. Clinical outcomes associated with blenderized tube feedings in adults: A systematic review. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:330-343. [PMID: 37867408 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half a million individuals in the United States are dependent on enteral nutrition to meet their nutrition needs. Public interest in blenderized tube feeding (BTF) has increased over the past decade; however, medical professionals indicate a lack of knowledge about these products and their effects. The purpose of this review is to analyze clinical outcomes in adults who use a BTF formula as their primary nutrition source. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL using search terms "adult," "enteral nutrition," "tube feeding," "BTF," blenderized," "blended," "homemade," and "pureed." Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in the review. Under close monitoring, BTF does not pose a higher risk for deterioration in anthropometric measurements. Furthermore, BTF use is consistently associated with improvements in diarrhea. As such, clinicians should consider the use of these formulas in the acute care or rehabilitation settings. Additional research is needed in patients with diverse clinical backgrounds in free-living communities. Larger populations sizes and longer intervention time frames are crucial to providing statistically significant results needed to strengthen the quality of evidence on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Schultz
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Yeonsoo Kim
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clancy O, McCormack S, Graham M, O'Sullivan K, Bennett AE. Experiences and perceptions of multidisciplinary paediatric teams of blended tube feeding in children. Nutr Health 2024:2601060231218049. [PMID: 38281935 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231218049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Background: Blended tube feeding (BTF) is the administration of pureed whole foods via gastric feeding tubes. There is some evidence to suggest that BTF may have clinical and psychosocial benefits when compared to commercial formula, but further investigation of how BTF is understood and recommended by health professionals is needed. This study aims to investigate awareness and knowledge of BTF among multi-disciplinary paediatric staff in Ireland. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among paediatric staff in Children's Health Ireland (CHI). The 16-item anonymous online survey gathered information on awareness of BTF, willingness to recommend BTF, confidence in BTF knowledge, and self-assessed competence in managing BTF. Results: Of the 207 responses, doctors (n68), nurses (n66), and dietitians (n32) provided 80.3% of responses. Two-thirds (n136, 66%) of the total group were aware of BTF. Of these, 68.1% had cared for a child on BTF and 70% (n = 63/90) were willing to recommend BTF. Three in five (n = 39/63, 61.9%) stated they were somewhat confident in their BTF knowledge and one in five (n = 12/56, 21.4%) were not yet competent in managing children on BTF. The most common reasons for recommending BTF were parental desire (n17, 39.5%) and commercial formula intolerance (n15, 34.9%). The most common barrier to recommending BTF was family logistics (n18, 41.9%). The most valuable sources of information on BTF for two-thirds (68.3%) of participants were other healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients/caregivers. Conclusion: Healthcare settings should provide evidence-based training to HCPs on BTF to optimise the treatment and safety of children under their care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith Clancy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Meave Graham
- Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Annemarie E Bennett
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Epp L, Blackmer A, Church A, Ford I, Grenda B, Larimer C, Lewis-Ayalloore J, Malone A, Pataki L, Rempel G, Washington V. Blenderized tube feedings: Practice recommendations from the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38:1190-1219. [PMID: 37787762 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior to the 1970s, blending food and liquids and putting them through an enteral access device (EAD) was the most common form of enteral nutrition (EN). However, in the 1970s, blenderized tube feedings (BTFs) became less popular due to the emergence of modern commercial enteral formulas (CEFs). Recently, a cultural shift toward consuming a natural diet, consisting of whole foods, has led to a resurgence in the use of BTF. The increasing use of BTF in a variety of patient care settings identifies a need for practice recommendations that provide guidance for nutrition professionals and patients. Members of the American Society for Parental and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Enteral Nutrition Committee identified salient clinical questions concerning BTF, conducted a comprehensive literature search, and subsequently developed practice recommendations pertaining to the use of BTF. This paper was approved by the ASPEN 2022-2023 Board of Directors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Epp
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison Blackmer
- The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - April Church
- Asante Rogue Regional Medical Center, Medford, Oregon, USA
| | - Ivy Ford
- Clinical Nutrition, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Brandee Grenda
- Clinical Nutrition Services, Morrison Healthcare at Atrium Health Navicent, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Ainsley Malone
- The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Pataki
- Clinical Nutrition, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gina Rempel
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vita Washington
- Proactive Proofreading, LLC, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Katagiri S, Ohsugi Y, Shiba T, Yoshimi K, Nakagawa K, Nagasawa Y, Uchida A, Liu A, Lin P, Tsukahara Y, Iwata T, Tohara H. Homemade blenderized tube feeding improves gut microbiome communities in children with enteral nutrition. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1215236. [PMID: 37680532 PMCID: PMC10482415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteral nutrition for children is supplied through nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes. Diet not only influences nutritional intake but also interacts with the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Homemade blenderized tube feeding has been administered to children receiving enteral nutrition, in addition to ready-made tube feeding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral/gut microbial communities in children receiving enteral nutrition with or without homemade blenderized tube feeding. Among a total of 30 children, 6 receiving mainly ready-made tube feeding (RTF) and 5 receiving mainly homemade blenderized tube feeding (HBTF) were analyzed in this study. Oral and gut microbiota community profiles were evaluated through 16S rRNA sequencing of saliva and fecal samples. The α-diversity representing the number of observed features, Shannon index, and Chao1 in the gut were significantly increased in HBTF only in the gut microbiome but not in the oral microbiome. In addition, the relative abundances of the phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria, and genus Escherichia-Shigella were significantly low, whereas that of the genus Ruminococcus was significantly high in the gut of children with HBTF, indicating HBTF altered the gut microbial composition and reducing health risks. Metagenome prediction showed enrichment of carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes at oral and gut microbiomes in children receiving HBTF. In addition, more complex network structures were observed in the oral cavity and gut in the HBTF group than in the RTF group. In conclusion, HBTF not only provides satisfaction and enjoyment during meals with the family but also alters the gut microbial composition to a healthy state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kanako Yoshimi
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Nakagawa
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagasawa
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aritoshi Uchida
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsukahara
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Tohara
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schindler KN, Youmans AJ. Fatal Enteral Nutritional Hydrothorax Resulting From Aberrant Placement of a Nasogastric Tube Without Perforation of the Tracheobronchial Tree or Esophagus: A Case Report and Review. Acad Forensic Pathol 2022; 12:167-173. [PMID: 36545304 PMCID: PMC9761241 DOI: 10.1177/19253621221137226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nasogastric feeding tubes are commonly used in medical practice to provide nutritional support to patients who cannot take in an adequate amount of food orally. Although rare, nasogastric tubes errantly placed into the respiratory tract may cause serious complications, including death. We present an unusual autopsy case of a fatal hydrothorax that consisted of the enteric feeding solution following placement of a small-bore feeding tube into the left lung, despite no perforation of the tracheobronchial tree or esophagus. Alternative mechanisms for the formation of an enteral nutritional hydrothorax in the absence of a perforation from a feeding tube can be explained by the properties of the fluid, increased alveolar permeability, and underlying lung damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J. Youmans
- Amanda J. Youmans, DO, Peoria County Coroner's
Office, 506 East Seneca Place, Peoria, IL 61603, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Folwarski M, Kłęk S, Zoubek-Wójcik A, Szafrański W, Bartoszewska L, Figuła K, Jakubczyk M, Jurczuk A, Kamocki Z, Kowalczyk T, Kwella B, Matras P, Sonsala-Wołczyk J, Szopiński J, Urbanowicz K, Zmarzły A. Foods for Special Medical Purposes in Home Enteral Nutrition-Clinical Practice Experience. Multicenter Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906186. [PMID: 35873447 PMCID: PMC9301075 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteral nutrition (EN) with foods for special medical purposes (FSMP) is recommended for most patients on home enteral nutrition (HEN). Although there are disease-specific guidelines for energy, protein, and micronutrient provision, only a few studies are showing real-life experience in the long-term use of FSMP. Methods In a multicenter study, the influence of the FSMP composition and administration technique (bolus vs. continuous) on protein and energy provision in HEN was analyzed. Provision of vitamins and minerals was compared to recommended daily allowance (RDA) and upper tolerable limit (UL). Results Approximately, 772 patients on HEN, mostly (88.6%) with oncological and neurological diseases, were enrolled. The patients on standard FSMP received less protein and energy than those on hypercaloric and protein enriched despite receiving higher volumes of EN (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in jejunal feeding with oligomeric vs. polymeric FSMP in terms of energy, protein, and volume. Continuous gastric feeding provided more protein, energy, and volume vs. bolus feeding (p < 0.05). Significant number of patients received less than 100% RDA of vitamin D (50.5%), vitamin B3 (49%), vitamin K (21.8%), vitamin B5 (64.3%), vitamin B9 (60%). Majority of the patients received less than 100% RDA of sodium (80.2%), potassium (99%), chloride (98%), calcium (67%), magnesium (87%), fluoride (99%), and iodine (43%). Approximately, 43.63% of cancer and 49.9% of neurological patients received less than 1 g/kg/day of protein and 51.7% of cancer and 55.5% of neurological patients received less than 25 kcal/kg/day. Conclusion Awareness of the available compositions of FSMP and advantageous profiles of specific diets may lead to the implementation of recommendations for EN. HEN professionals need to analyze all the patient's needs and requirements to provide more tailored matching of nutritional support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Folwarski
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, Department of General Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kłęk
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Cancer Institute, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Szafrański
- Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, Department of General Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Bartoszewska
- First Department General and Transplant Surgery and Clinical Nutrition Medical University of Lublin, Home Enteral and Parental Nutrition Unit SPSK4, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Marlena Jakubczyk
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Nutritional Team, Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Clinic University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Jurczuk
- Outpatient Clinic of Nutritional Therapy Clinical Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kamocki
- 2nd Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Bogna Kwella
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Przemysław Matras
- First Department General and Transplant Surgery and Clinical Nutrition Medical University of Lublin, Home Enteral and Parental Nutrition Unit SPSK4, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Szopiński
- Department of General Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- General Surgery and Clinical Nutrition Ward, Community Hospital Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zmarzły
- Gromkowski City Hospital Wrocław, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stir, Shake or Blend: A Comparison of Methods Used to Reduce Viscosity of Blenderized Tube Feedings. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:110-112. [PMID: 35623084 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Blenderized tube feeding (BTF) refers to formula composed of whole foods and purees, blended to a consistency that can be administered through an enteral feeding device. BTFs have a higher viscosity than conventional enteral formulas and may be mixed with extra liquid to aid in administration via an enteral feeding device. This study compared changes in viscosity of commercially available BTF s when stirred, shaken, or blenderized. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative flow test was used to provide an objective level of viscosity. Our results indicate that the method chosen to thin BTFs results in significant differences in viscosity and varies depending on the percent of water by volume added to the formula as well as the presence of additional non-food ingredients such as synthetic supplements. We conclude that the method used to thin BTFs should be taken into account when a consistent viscosity level is desired.
Collapse
|
9
|
Brekke G, Raun AMT, Sørensen SB, Kok K, Sørensen JL, Born AP, Mølgaard C, Hoei‐Hansen CE. Nutrition and preparation of blenderized tube feeding in children and adolescents with neurological impairment: A scoping review. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:783-796. [PMID: 35403308 PMCID: PMC9541810 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of homemade tube feeding formula has become increasingly popular for children requiring enteral nutrition. This project aimed to investigate nutrition and preparation of blenderized tube feeding in the field of children and adolescents with neurological impairment. Methods A scoping review was performed using established methodologies. In January 2021, we searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature to identify relevant articles. Major findings Twenty‐two papers were included describing the composition of food items, preparation procedures, and food safety. No randomized controlled trials and only a few prospective studies were included. A broad variety of food items from all food groups and many examples of recipes were presented. Most recipes provided 1.0 kcal/ml but tended to contain less energy and nutrients than expected, which could be due to preparation issues, such as sieving and the high viscosity of the blend. Preparation requires a commercial‐grade household blender and diligence to ensure thorough household hygiene for adequate food safety. Conclusions This review revealed practical experience in the nutrition and preparation aspects of blenderized tube feeding but minimal empirical evidence. Multiple examples of the composition of food items and preparation procedures for blenderized tube feeding were found, but uncertainty regarding the ideal composition or preparation was also exposed. The future of blenderized tube feeding would benefit from clinically tested recipes that include an evaluation of nutrients, viscosity, and microbial contamination, as well as the effect of the food's appearance and scent on the target group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghita Brekke
- Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Pediatric Nutrition Unit Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Terp Raun
- Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Pediatric Nutrition Unit Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sarah B. Sørensen
- Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Pediatric Nutrition Unit Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Karin Kok
- Pediatric Nutrition Unit Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jette L. Sørensen
- Juliane Marie Centre Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Alfred P. Born
- Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Pediatric Nutrition Unit Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Christina E. Hoei‐Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xavier de Melo V, Mezzomo TR, Aristides Dall'igna AL, de Araújo Marques Dengo V, Stangarlin-Fiori L, Madalozzo Schieferdecker ME, Rodrigues Ferreira SM. Does the nutritional composition and category of administered enteral nutrition affect the nutritional status of patients receiving home nutritional therapy? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:270-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|