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Mohammadi SG, Feizi A, Bagherniya M, Shafie D, Ahmadi AR, Kafeshani M. The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indices, lipid profile, uric acid level, blood pressure, endothelial function, quality of life, and disease symptoms in heart failure subjects. Trials 2024; 25:518. [PMID: 39090754 PMCID: PMC11292897 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease where the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood and oxygen to meet the body's needs. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key elements in the development and progression of heart failure. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid, has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that may protect the cardiovascular system. A study will evaluate the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on inflammatory status, oxidative stress, lipid profile, uric acid levels, endothelial function, quality of life, and disease symptoms in people with heart failure. METHODS The current study is a double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial for 8 weeks, in which people with heart failure were randomly assigned to two groups: intervention (one capsule containing 20 mg of astaxanthin per day, n = 40) and placebo (one capsule containing 20 mg of maltodextrin per day, n = 40) will be divided. At the beginning and end of the intervention, uric acid, lipid profile, oxidative stress indices, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, nitric oxide, and anthropometric factors will be measured, and questionnaires measuring quality of life, fatigue intensity, shortness of breath, and appetite will be completed. SPSS version 22 software will be used for statistical analysis. DISCUSSION There is a growing global interest in natural and functional food products. This RCT contributes to the expanding body of research on the potential benefits of astaxanthin in heart failure patients, including its antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20200429047235N3. Registered on 26 March 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ghotbbodin Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Shafie
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Kafeshani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Centerand, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Dujíčková L, Olexiková L, Makarevich AV, Bartková AR, Němcová L, Chrenek P, Strejček F. Astaxanthin Added during Post-Warm Recovery Mitigated Oxidative Stress in Bovine Vitrified Oocytes and Improved Quality of Resulting Blastocysts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:556. [PMID: 38790660 PMCID: PMC11117980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Various antioxidants are tested to improve the viability and development of cryopreserved oocytes, due to their known positive health effects. The aim of this study was to find whether astaxanthin (AX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, could mitigate deteriorations that occurred during the vitrification/warming process in bovine oocytes. Astaxanthin (2.5 µM) was added to the maturation medium during the post-warm recovery period of vitrified oocytes for 3 h. Afterward, the oocytes were fertilized in vitro using frozen bull semen and presumptive zygotes were cultured in the B2 Menezo medium in a co-culture with BRL-1 cells at 38.5 °C and 5% CO2 until the blastocyst stage. AX addition significantly reduced ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and lysosomal activity, while increasing mitochondrial activity in vitrified oocytes. Although the effect of AX on embryo development was not observed, it stimulated cell proliferation in the blastocysts derived from vitrified oocytes and improved their quality by upregulation or downregulation of some genes related to apoptosis (BCL2, CAS9), oxidative stress (GPX4, CDX2), and development (GJB5) compared to the vitrified group without AX. Therefore, the antioxidant properties of astaxanthin even during short exposure to bovine vitrified/warmed oocytes resulted in improved blastocyst quality comparable to those from fresh oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Dujíčková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Alexander V. Makarevich
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Alexandra Rosenbaum Bartková
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute for Animal Physiology, Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Němcová
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute for Animal Physiology, Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - František Strejček
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Srivastava S, Girandola RN, Abedon B. Effect of E-OJ-01 on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2511-2525. [PMID: 36349244 PMCID: PMC9637339 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s381028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose E-OJ-01 (OxyjunTM), a proprietary, standardized aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA) bark, has previously shown promising cardiovascular health benefits in healthy young athletic adults and is now being tested to determine its ability to support left ventricular ejection fraction and associated parameters in a diverse population. Participants and Methods Healthy adults aged 30-70 years (n=72) were included in the study to investigate the effect of 400 mg/day of E-OJ-01 when administered for 8 weeks on myocardial pumping capacity, primarily left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The secondary endpoints were improvement in diastolic filling (E/A) ratio, rate pressure product (RPP), and fatigue severity scale (FSS) score. The effect of the intervention on blood lipids and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels was also explored. The safety of the intervention was evaluated by monitoring adverse events, vitals (heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and body temperature (BT)), and liver (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)) and kidney function (serum creatinine). Results E-OJ-01 increased the LVEF by 6.28% (percentage change) from the baseline compared with 0.24% (percentage change) in the placebo group (p<0.05). It reduced fatigue (22.52%), RPP (1.54%), and GGT levels (5.90%) from the baseline. No adverse events related to the intervention were observed during the study. Conclusion The study showed that E-OJ-01 could improve cardiac pumping capacity by significantly increasing LVEF and reducing fatigue in a diverse, healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Srivastava
- Clinical Development, Enovate Biolife, Wilmington, DE, USA,Correspondence: Shalini Srivastava, Enovate Biolife, 913 N Market Street, Suite 200, Wilmington, DE, 19801, USA, Tel +1 650 855-4832, Email
| | - Robert N Girandola
- Department of Human Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Gao F, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Xiao C, Sun Z, Gao Y, Dou X. Mitochondrial targeted astaxanthin liposomes for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury based on oxidative stress. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:303-314. [DOI: 10.1177/08853282221087102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) refers to the clinical state of decreased coronary blood flow caused by various causes. The main pathogenesis of MI/RI is mitochondrial oxidative damage. In this study, we designed a novel mitochondrial targeted astaxanthin (AST) liposome, namely, STPP-AST-LIP, targeting mitochondria of H9c2 myocardial cells. STPP-AST-LIP not only reduced the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also increased the survival rate of MI/RI H9c2 cells. In addition, rat experiments further confirmed that STPP-AST-LIP could improve myocardial cardiac function in MI/RI rats, significantly inhibited apoptosis of myocardial cells, and had a protective effect on the heart of rats after MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Yongcheng Zhao
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Chunwei Xiao
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Zhanfa Sun
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Xueyong Dou
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
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7
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Khodir SA, Sweed E, Gadallah M, Shabaan A. Astaxanthin attenuates cardiovascular dysfunction associated with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:382-395. [PMID: 35322744 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2055764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major global health problem. It is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. One of the most used experimental models in studying antihypertensive action is the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rat. This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension and its possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 48 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, DOCA, and DOCA + ASX. Blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, some oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, and lipid profile levels were measured. The weight of the left ventricle to tibial length ratio was calculated. Apoptosis detection and total genomic DNA extraction in aortic and cardiac tissues were investigated. The apoptotic marker BAX was also immunohistochemically assessed in the heart and aorta. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the DOCA group was associated with a significant increase in blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, lipid profile except serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), weight of the left ventricle to tibial length, and total released DNA fragmentation level of the left ventricle and aorta and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and HDL. Compared to the DOCA group, the DOCA + ASX group significantly improved the DOCA-induced changes. CONCLUSION ASX has beneficial protective effects on DOCA-salt-induced hypertension via DNA fragmentation protection, apoptosis inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and its effects on lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan A Khodir
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Sweed
- Clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gadallah
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Anwaar Shabaan
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Astaxanthin from Crustaceans and Their Byproducts: A Bioactive Metabolite Candidate for Therapeutic Application. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030206. [PMID: 35323505 PMCID: PMC8955251 DOI: 10.3390/md20030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the food, pharma, and cosmetic industries have shown considerable interest in bioactive molecules of marine origin that show high potential for application as nutraceuticals and therapeutic agents. Astaxanthin, a lipid-soluble and orange-reddish-colored carotenoid pigment, is one of the most investigated pigments. Natural astaxanthin is mainly produced from microalgae, and it shows much stronger antioxidant properties than its synthetic counterpart. This paper aims to summarize and discuss the important aspects and recent findings associated with the possible use of crustacean byproducts as a source of astaxanthin. In the last five years of research on the crustaceans and their byproducts as a source of natural astaxanthin, there are many new findings regarding the astaxanthin content in different species and new green extraction protocols for its extraction. However, there is a lack of information on the amounts of astaxanthin currently obtained from the byproducts as well as on the cost-effectiveness of the astaxanthin production from the byproducts. Improvement in these areas would most certainly contribute to the reduction of waste and reuse in the crustacean processing industry. Successful exploitation of byproducts for recovery of this valuable compound would have both environmental and social benefits. Finally, astaxanthin’s strong biological activity and prominent health benefits have been discussed in the paper.
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9
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Astaxanthin Exerts Anabolic Effects via Pleiotropic Modulation of the Excitable Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020917. [PMID: 35055102 PMCID: PMC8778848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a lipid-soluble carotenoid influencing lipid metabolism, body weight, and insulin sensitivity. We provide a systematic analysis of acute and chronic effects of astaxanthin on different organs. Changes by chronic astaxanthin feeding were analyzed on general metabolism, expression of regulatory proteins in the skeletal muscle, as well as changes of excitation and synaptic activity in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of mice. Acute responses were also tested on canine cardiac muscle and different neuronal populations of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in mice. Dietary astaxanthin significantly increased food intake. It also increased protein levels affecting glucose metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. Inhibitory inputs innervating neurons of the arcuate nucleus regulating metabolism and food intake were strengthened by both acute and chronic astaxanthin treatment. Astaxanthin moderately shortened cardiac action potentials, depressed their plateau potential, and reduced the maximal rate of depolarization. Based on its complex actions on metabolism and food intake, our data support the previous findings that astaxanthin is suitable for supplementing the diet of patients with disturbances in energy homeostasis.
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Jafari Z, Bigham A, Sadeghi S, Dehdashti SM, Rabiee N, Abedivash A, Bagherzadeh M, Nasseri B, Karimi-Maleh H, Sharifi E, Varma RS, Makvandi P. Nanotechnology-Abetted Astaxanthin Formulations in Multimodel Therapeutic and Biomedical Applications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2-36. [PMID: 34919379 PMCID: PMC8762669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is one of the most important fat-soluble carotenoids that have abundant and diverse therapeutic applications namely in liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer treatment, protection of the nervous system, protection of the skin and eyes against UV radiation, and boosting the immune system. However, due to its intrinsic reactivity, it is chemically unstable, and therefore, the design and production processes for this compound need to be precisely formulated. Nanoencapsulation is widely applied to protect AXT against degradation during digestion and storage, thus improving its physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with many advantages─ease of surface modification, biocompatibility, and targeted drug delivery and release. This review discusses the technological advancement in nanocarriers for the delivery of AXT through the brain, eyes, and skin, with emphasis on the benefits, limitations, and efficiency in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jafari
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Sahar Sadeghi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mehdi Dehdashti
- Cellular
and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19857-17443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- Department
of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
- School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Alireza Abedivash
- Department
of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources University, 48181-68984 Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advance Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51664 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School
of Resources and Environment, University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Avenue, 610054 Chengdu, PR China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology,
Quchan University of Technology, 94771-67335 Quchan, Iran
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus,
2028, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Institute
of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54 - Mostra D’Oltremare
pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Department
of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical
Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for
Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, viale
Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Yaqoob Z, Arshad MS, Imran M, Munir H, Qaisrani TB, Khalid W, Asghar Z, Suleria HAR. Mechanistic role of astaxanthin derived from shrimp against certain metabolic disorders. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:12-20. [PMID: 35035906 PMCID: PMC8751436 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between production of oxidants and antioxidants in the body leads to the development of different ailments. The bioactive compounds derived from marine sources are considered to be safe and appropriate to use. Astaxanthin possesses antioxidant activity about 100-500 times higher than other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol and β-carotene. It has numerous health benefits and vital pharmacological properties for the treatment of diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, neurological disorders, and potential role in liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase which has significance in medicine as a diagnostic marker. The primary source of astaxanthin among crustaceans is shrimps and the presence of astaxanthin protects shrimps from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Conclusively, astaxanthin derived from shrimps is very effective against oxidative stress which can lead to certain ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubda Yaqoob
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Haroon Munir
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Tahira Batool Qaisrani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyGhazi UniversityDera Ghazi KhanPakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zubia Asghar
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- School of Agriculture and FoodFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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Nishida Y, Nawaz A, Hecht K, Tobe K. Astaxanthin as a Novel Mitochondrial Regulator: A New Aspect of Carotenoids, beyond Antioxidants. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010107. [PMID: 35010981 PMCID: PMC8746862 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that is found abundantly in marine organisms, and has been gaining attention in recent years due to its varied biological/physiological activities. It has been reported that astaxanthin functions both as a pigment, and as an antioxidant with superior free radical quenching capacity. We recently reported that astaxanthin modulated mitochondrial functions by a novel mechanism independent of its antioxidant function. In this paper, we review astaxanthin’s well-known antioxidant activity, and expand on astaxanthin’s lesser-known molecular targets, and its role in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
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13
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S. Astaxanthin Ameliorates high-fat diet-induced cardiac damage and fibrosis by upregulating and activating SIRT1. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7012-7021. [PMID: 34867002 PMCID: PMC8626242 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac damage and fibrosis in rats and examined if the mechanism of protection involves modulating SIRT1. Rat were divided into 5 groups (n = 10/group) as: 1) control: fed normal diet (3.82 kcal/g), 2) control + ASX (200 mg/kg/orally), 3) HFD: fed HFD (4.7 kcal/g), 4) HFD + ASX (200 mg/kg/orally), and HFD + ASX + EX-527 (1 mg/kg/i.p) (a selective SIRT1 inhibitor). All treatments were conducted for 14 weeks. Administration of ASX reduced cardiomyocyte damage, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, preserved cardiac fibers structure, prevented collagen deposition and protein levels of TGF-β 1 in the left ventricles (LVs) of HFD-fed rats. In the LVs of both the control and HFD-fed rat, ASX significantly reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and p-smad2/3 (Lys19) but increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Concomitantly, it increased the nuclear activity of Nrf2 and reduced that of NF-κB p65. Furthermore, administration of ASX to both the control and HFD-fed rats increased total and nuclear levels of SIRT1, stimulated the nuclear activity of SIRT1, and reduced the acetylation of Nrf2, NF-κB p65, and Smad3. All these cardiac beneficial effects of ASX in the HFD-fed rats were abolished by co-administration of EX-527. In conclusion, ASX stimulates antioxidants and inhibits markers of inflammation under basal and HFD conditions. The mechanism of protection involves, at least, activation SIRT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Kumar S, Kumar R, Kumari A, Panwar A. Astaxanthin: A super antioxidant from microalgae and its therapeutic potential. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:1064-1082. [PMID: 34817092 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one-stage process or two-stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free-radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high-valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long-term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Anju Kumari
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Anil Panwar
- Department of Molecular Biology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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15
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McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
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16
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Wang W, Liu T, Liu Y, Yu L, Yan X, Weng W, Lu X, Zhang C. Astaxanthin attenuates alcoholic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cardiac apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 412:115378. [PMID: 33352188 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic excessive ethanol consumption is associated with a high incidence of mortality due to ethanol-induced dilated cardiomyopathy, known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that apoptosis is key to the pathogenesis of ACM, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated apoptosis contributes to various ethanol-related diseases. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural carotenoid that exerts an anti-ER stress effect. Importantly, strong evidence has shown that AST induces beneficial effects in various cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate whether AST induces beneficial effects on ACM by suppressing cardiac apoptosis mediated by ER stress. We showed that after 2 months of chronic excessive ethanol consumption, mice displayed obvious cardiac dysfunction and morphological changes associated with increased fibrosis, oxidative stress, ER stress and apoptosis. However, cardiac damage above was attenuated in response to AST treatment. The cardioprotective effect of AST against ethanol toxicity was also confirmed in both H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes, indicating that AST-induced protection directly targets cardiomyocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that AST inhibited all three ER stress signaling pathways activated by ethanol. Furthermore, administration of the ER stress inhibitor sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) strongly suppressed ethanol-induced cardiomyocyte damage. Interestingly, AST induced further anti-apoptotic effects once co-treated with 4-PBA, indicating that AST protects the heart from ACM partially by attenuating ER stress, but other mechanisms still exist. This study highlights that administration of AST ablated chronic excessive ethanol consumption-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing cardiac ER stress and subsequent apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/physiopathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/prevention & control
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Ethanol
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Xanthophylls/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Wang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tinghao Liu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenya Weng
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Sato A, Kato T, Kasai T, Ishiwata S, Yatsu S, Matsumoto H, Shitara J, Murata A, Shimizu M, Suda S, Matsue Y, Naito R, Hiki M, Daida H. Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and sleep-disordered breathing in patients with heart failure. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2021; 19:55-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-020-00287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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