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Melali H, Abdolahi A, Sheikhbahaei E, Vakili K, Mahmoudieh M, Keleidari B, Shahabi S. Impact of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Function and Metabolic Status After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2033-2041. [PMID: 38653887 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative changes in gut microbiota may occur in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. In this study, we evaluate the impact of administering probiotic tablets on the gastrointestinal function and metabolic status of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2021 to 2022 on 135 Roux-en-Y surgery candidates. The intervention group underwent the surgical procedure and started receiving probiotic supplements (Familact Co.) 1 week after surgery; the control group received a placebo. The laboratory and anthropometric data were measured and analyzed before and 3 and 6 months after the intervention. GIQLI questionnaire was also used at the beginning and 6 months after the intervention to evaluate GI symptoms. RESULTS We observed significantly reduced BMI in both groups after surgeries (P < 0.001). The levels of FBS and HbA1C were significantly lower in the probiotic group compared to the placebo in 3 months (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively) and 6 months (P < 0.001 for both) after the intervention. The levels of vitamin B12 increased significantly in the probiotic group (P < 0.001), and the values were substantially higher than the placebo group in 3 and 6 months (P < 0.001), respectively. Analysis of the GIQLI questionnaire before and 6 months after interventions also revealed significant improvement in the GIQLI score in both groups (P < 0.001 for probiotics and P = 0.03 for placebo). CONCLUSION Probiotic supplement administration following RYGB improves patients' vitamin and metabolic profile, as well as GI function, although it cannot significantly affect weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Melali
- Isfahan Minimally Invasive Surgery and Obesity Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alimeh Abdolahi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Sheikhbahaei
- Isfahan Minimally Invasive Surgery and Obesity Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat-E Rasool General Hospital, Masouri St. Niyayesh St. Satarkhan Ave., Tehran, 14665-354, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mahmoudieh
- Isfahan Minimally Invasive Surgery and Obesity Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Keleidari
- Isfahan Minimally Invasive Surgery and Obesity Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahab Shahabi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat-E Rasool General Hospital, Masouri St. Niyayesh St. Satarkhan Ave., Tehran, 14665-354, Iran.
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Hamamah S, Hajnal A, Covasa M. Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Gut Microbiota Composition and Its Implication on Brain and Peripheral Targets. Nutrients 2024; 16:1071. [PMID: 38613104 PMCID: PMC11013759 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a significant global health challenge, with bariatric surgery remaining as one of the most effective treatments for severe obesity and its related comorbidities. This review highlights the multifaceted impact of bariatric surgery beyond mere physical restriction or nutrient malabsorption, underscoring the importance of the gut microbiome and neurohormonal signals in mediating the profound effects on weight loss and behavior modification. The various bariatric surgery procedures, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), act through distinct mechanisms to alter the gut microbiome, subsequently impacting metabolic health, energy balance, and food reward behaviors. Emerging evidence has shown that bariatric surgery induces profound changes in the composition of the gut microbiome, notably altering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enhancing populations of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia. These microbiota shifts have far-reaching effects beyond gut health, influencing dopamine-mediated reward pathways in the brain and modulating the secretion and action of key gut hormones including ghrelin, leptin, GLP-1, PYY, and CCK. The resultant changes in dopamine signaling and hormone levels contribute to reduced hedonic eating, enhanced satiety, and improved metabolic outcomes. Further, post-bariatric surgical effects on satiation targets are in part mediated by metabolic byproducts of gut microbiota like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids, which play a pivotal role in modulating metabolism and energy expenditure and reducing obesity-associated inflammation, as well as influencing food reward pathways, potentially contributing to the regulation of body weight and reduction in hedonic eating behaviors. Overall, a better understanding of these mechanisms opens the door to developing non-surgical interventions that replicate the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on the gut microbiome, dopamine signaling, and gut hormone regulation, offering new avenues for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 9176, USA;
| | - Andras Hajnal
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 9176, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 7200229 Suceava, Romania
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Komorniak N, Kaczmarczyk M, Łoniewski I, Martynova-Van Kley A, Nalian A, Wroński M, Kaseja K, Kowalewski B, Folwarski M, Stachowska E. Analysis of the Efficacy of Diet and Short-Term Probiotic Intervention on Depressive Symptoms in Patients after Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4905. [PMID: 38068763 PMCID: PMC10707788 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: studies have shown that some patients experience mental deterioration after bariatric surgery. (2) Methods: We examined whether the use of probiotics and improved eating habits can improve the mental health of people who suffered from mood disorders after bariatric surgery. We also analyzed patients' mental states, eating habits and microbiota. (3) Results: Depressive symptoms were observed in 45% of 200 bariatric patients. After 5 weeks, we noted an improvement in patients' mental functioning (reduction in BDI and HRSD), but it was not related to the probiotic used. The consumption of vegetables and whole grain cereals increased (DQI-I adequacy), the consumption of simple sugars and SFA decreased (moderation DQI-I), and the consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids increased it. In the feces of patients after RYGB, there was a significantly higher abundance of two members of the Muribaculaceae family, namely Veillonella and Roseburia, while those after SG had more Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Subdoligranulum, Oscillibacter, and UCG-005. (4) Conclusions: the noted differences in the composition of the gut microbiota (RYGB vs. SG) may be one of the determinants of the proper functioning of the gut-brain microbiota axis, although there is currently a need for further research into this topic using a larger group of patients and different probiotic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Komorniak
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Sanprobi sp. z o.o. sp. k., Kurza Stopka 5/C, 70-535 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Sanprobi sp. z o.o. sp. k., Kurza Stopka 5/C, 70-535 Szczecin, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Ł.)
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Armen Nalian
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA; (A.M.-V.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Michał Wroński
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kaseja
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Kowalewski
- Independent Provincial Public Hospital Complex in Szczecin-Zdunowo, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Folwarski
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
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Klos B, Steinbach C, Ketel J, Lambert C, Penders J, Doré J, Enck P, Mack I. Effects of isolation and confinement on gastrointestinal microbiota-a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1214016. [PMID: 37492598 PMCID: PMC10364611 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1214016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem whose composition and function are influenced by many internal and external factors. Overall, the individual GI microbiota composition appears to be rather stable but can be influenced by extreme shifts in environmental exposures. To date, there is no systematic literature review that examines the effects of extreme environmental conditions, such as strict isolation and confinement, on the GI microbiota. Methods We conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of isolated and confined environments on the human GI microbiota. The literature search was conducted according to PRISMA criteria using PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Relevant studies were identified based on exposure to isolated and confined environments, generally being also antigen-limited, for a minimum of 28 days and classified according to the microbiota analysis method (cultivation- or molecular based approaches) and the isolation habitat (space, space- or microgravity simulation such as MARS-500 or natural isolation such as Antarctica). Microbial shifts in abundance, alpha diversity and community structure in response to isolation were assessed. Results Regardless of the study habitat, inconsistent shifts in abundance of 40 different genera, mainly in the phylum Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) were reported. Overall, the heterogeneity of studies was high. Reducing heterogeneity was neither possible by differentiating the microbiota analysis methods nor by subgrouping according to the isolation habitat. Alpha diversity evolved non-specifically, whereas the microbial community structure remained dissimilar despite partial convergence. The GI ecosystem returned to baseline levels following exposure, showing resilience irrespective of the experiment length. Conclusion An isolated and confined environment has a considerable impact on the GI microbiota composition in terms of diversity and relative abundances of dominant taxa. However, due to a limited number of studies with rather small sample sizes, it is important to approach an in-depth conclusion with caution, and results should be considered as a preliminary trend. The risk of dysbiosis and associated diseases should be considered when planning future projects in extreme environments. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022357589.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Klos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Steinbach
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ketel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claude Lambert
- CIRI–Immunology Lab University Hospital, Saint-Étienne, France
- LCOMS/ENOSIS Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joël Doré
- UMR Micalis Institut, INRA, Paris-Saclay University, Jouy-En-Josas, France
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Ali Q, Ma S, Farooq U, Niu J, Li F, Li D, Wang Z, Sun H, Cui Y, Shi Y. Pasture intake protects against commercial diet-induced lipopolysaccharide production facilitated by gut microbiota through activating intestinal alkaline phosphatase enzyme in meat geese. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041070. [PMID: 36569878 PMCID: PMC9774522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the intestinal barrier functions and systemic inflammation through metabolic endotoxemia. In-house feeding system (IHF, a low dietary fiber source) may cause altered cecal microbiota composition and inflammatory responses in meat geese via increased endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharides) with reduced intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production. The effects of artificial pasture grazing system (AGF, a high dietary fiber source) on modulating gut microbiota architecture and gut barrier functions have not been investigated in meat geese. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether intestinal ALP could play a critical role in attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS facilitating NF-κB pathway-induced systemic inflammation in meat geese. Methods The impacts of IHF and AGF systems on gut microbial composition via 16 sRNA sequencing were assessed in meat geese. The host markers analysis through protein expression of serum and cecal tissues, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, localization of NF-қB and Nrf2 by immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting analysis of ALP, and quantitative PCR of cecal tissues was evaluated. Results and Discussion In the gut microbiota analysis, meat geese supplemented with pasture showed a significant increase in commensal microbial richness and diversity compared to IHF meat geese demonstrating the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory ability of the AGF system. A significant increase in intestinal ALP-induced Nrf2 signaling pathway was confirmed representing LPS dephosphorylation mediated TLR4/MyD88 induced ROS reduction mechanisms in AGF meat geese. Further, the correlation analysis of top 44 host markers with gut microbiota showed that artificial pasture intake protected gut barrier functions via reducing ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway-induced gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and aging phenotypes. In conclusion, the intestinal ALP functions to regulate gut microbial homeostasis and barrier function appear to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines by reducing LPS-induced ROS production in AGF meat geese. The AGF system may represent a novel therapy to counteract the chronic inflammatory state leading to low dietary fiber-related diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ali
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | - Jiakuan Niu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Herbage Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Yinghua Shi,
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Salazar N, Ponce-Alonso M, Garriga M, Sánchez-Carrillo S, Hernández-Barranco AM, Redruello B, Fernández M, Botella-Carretero JI, Vega-Piñero B, Galeano J, Zamora J, Ferrer M, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Del Campo R. Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity: Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2106102. [PMID: 35903014 PMCID: PMC9341356 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of a preoperative low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery on the bacterial gut microbiota composition and functionality in severe obesity and to compare sleeve gastrectomy (SG) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study also aimed to incorporate big data analysis for the omics results and machine learning by a Lasso-based analysis to detect the potential markers for excess weight loss. Forty patients who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited (14 underwent SG, and 26 underwent RYGB). Each participant contributed 4 fecal samples (baseline, post-diet, 1 month after surgery and 3 months after surgery). The bacterial composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing using MiSeq (Illumina). Metabolic signatures associated to fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid and ammonium were determined by gas and liquid chromatography. Orange 3 software was employed to correlate the variables, and a Lasso analysis was employed to predict the weight loss at the baseline samples. A correlation between Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) abundance and excess weight was observed only for the highest body mass indexes. The low-calorie diet had little impact on composition and targeted metabolic activity. RYGB had a deeper impact on bacterial composition and putrefactive metabolism than SG, although the excess weight loss was comparable in the two groups. Significantly higher ammonium concentrations were detected in the feces of the RYGB group. We detected individual signatures of composition and functionality, rather than a gut microbiota characteristic of severe obesity, with opposing tendencies for almost all measured variables in the two surgical approaches. The gut microbiota of the baseline samples was not useful for predicting excess weight loss after the bariatric process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Diet, Microbiota and Health Group. Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Ponce-Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBERINFECT, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garriga
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Begoña Redruello
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Botella-Carretero
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain,Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Vega-Piñero
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Galeano
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Zamora
- Unidad de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain & Women’s Health Research Unit. Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Instituto de Catálisis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Diet, Microbiota and Health Group. Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,CONTACT Clara G. de Los Reyes-Gavilán Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Diet, Microbiota and Health Group. Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBERINFECT, Madrid, Spain,Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain,Rosa del Campo Department of Microbiology, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Mika A, Janczy A, Waleron K, Szymanski M, Kaska L, Sledzinski T. The impact of the interplay of the intestinal microbiome and diet on the metabolomic and health outcomes of bariatric surgery. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13455. [PMID: 35393734 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has evolved into a global epidemic. Bariatric surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity, keeps many comorbidities of obesity at bay for a prolonged period of time. However, complications, including metabolic alterations, are inherent in bariatric surgery. Surgical intervention in the structure of the digestive tract, especially during bariatric bypass procedures, also causes significant changes in the composition of the microbiome, which may affect the composition and quantity of various metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria. The composition of the intestinal microbiome is connected to human metabolism via metabolites that are produced and secreted by bacterial cells into the intestinal lumen and then absorbed into the host's bloodstream. Bariatric surgery causes changes in the composition and quantity of many circulating metabolites. Metabolic disorders may be affected after bariatric surgery by changes in the composition of the microbiome and metabolites produced by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Janczy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Szymanski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Carlos LDO, Ramos MRZ, Wagner NRF, Freitas LACD, Felicidade I, Campos ACL. PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ATTENUATES BINGE EATING AND FOOD ADDICTION 1 YEAR AFTER ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA : ABCD = BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY 2022; 35:e1659. [PMID: 35766604 PMCID: PMC9254603 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020210002e1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The use of probiotics as adjuvants in the treatment of eating disorders, known as psychobiotics, has already been investigated as a means of modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This study aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on binge eating and food addiction in subjects after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. METHODS This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 101 patients who received probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07) or placebo supplements for 90 days after bariatric surgery, starting on the seventh postoperative day. They were evaluated preoperatively (T0) and postoperatively at 90 days (T1) and 1 year (T2) after surgery. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Binge Eating Scale (BES) were applied to assess food addiction and binge eating, respectively. RESULTS Before surgery, one-third of the patients presented with a food addiction and binge eating diagnosis. The number of symptoms of YFAS and the BES score decreased significantly in both groups at T1 compared to T0. However, a significant effect of treatment with probiotics was observed 1 year after surgery (T2). Both the number of symptoms of food addiction and the binge eating score were lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (p=0.037 and p=0.030, respectively). CONCLUSION The use of probiotic supplementation for 90 days in the immediate postoperative period may decrease food addiction symptoms and binge eating score up to 1 year after surgery compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Felicidade
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia Geral - Londrina - PR - Brazil
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Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Surgery during High Liquid Sucrose Diet Leads to Gut Microbiota-Related Systematic Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031126. [PMID: 35163046 PMCID: PMC8835548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery has been proven successful in weight loss and improvement of co-morbidities associated with obesity. Chronic complications such as malabsorption of micronutrients in up to 50% of patients underline the need for additional therapeutic approaches. We investigated systemic RYGB surgery effects in a liquid sucrose diet-induced rat obesity model. After consuming a diet supplemented with high liquid sucrose for eight weeks, rats underwent RYGB or control sham surgery. RYGB, sham pair-fed, and sham ad libitum-fed groups further continued on the diet after recovery. Notable alterations were revealed in microbiota composition, inflammatory markers, feces, liver, and plasma metabolites, as well as in brain neuronal activity post-surgery. Higher fecal 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) correlated with higher Bacteroidota and Enterococcus abundances in RYGB animals, pointing towards the altered enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut signaling. Favorable C-reactive protein (CRP), serine, glycine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate plasma profiles in RYGB rats were suggestive of reverted obesity risk. The impact of liquid sucrose diet and caloric restriction mainly manifested in fatty acid changes in the liver. Our multi-modal approach reveals complex systemic changes after RYGB surgery and points towards potential therapeutic targets in the gut-brain system to mimic the surgery mode of action.
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Abstract
Microbes are present almost everywhere on this Earth. Humans harbor microbes in various organs, including skin, gut, mouth, and nose. Among these, the gut region has the highest population of microbes. Gut microbiota is directly linked with homeostasis, and a minor change in their numbers predisposes humans to ailments. Notably, the role of the microbial population in the digestive tract directly contributes to body weight. Sometimes, lifestyle changes or antibiotics intake to manage certain infections are associated with disturbance in the gut microflora. Several scientific studies allude to the obesity linkage with disturbed intestinal microflora. This review mainly focuses on how healthy nutrition contributes towards maintaining normal flora inside the human body. Importantly, the contribution of probiotics and prebiotics in maintaining human healthy body weight is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alhusain
- From the Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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