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Hutchinson JM, Raffoul A, Pepetone A, Andrade L, Williams TE, McNaughton SA, Leech RM, Reedy J, Shams-White MM, Vena JE, Dodd KW, Bodnar LM, Lamarche B, Wallace MP, Deitchler M, Hussain S, Kirkpatrick SI. Advances in methods for characterizing dietary patterns: A scoping review. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.20.24309251. [PMID: 38947003 PMCID: PMC11213084 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.24309251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing focus on better understanding the complexity of dietary patterns and how they relate to health and other factors. Approaches that have not traditionally been applied to characterize dietary patterns, such as machine learning algorithms and latent class analysis methods, may offer opportunities to measure and characterize dietary patterns in greater depth than previously considered. However, there has not been a formal examination of how this wide range of approaches has been applied to characterize dietary patterns. This scoping review synthesized literature from 2005-2022 applying methods not traditionally used to characterize dietary patterns, referred to as novel methods. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched using keywords including machine learning, latent class analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Of 5274 records identified, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve of 24 articles were published since 2020. Studies were conducted across 17 countries. Nine studies used approaches that have applications in machine learning to identify dietary patterns. Fourteen studies assessed associations between dietary patterns that were characterized using novel methods and health outcomes, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and asthma. There was wide variation in the methods applied to characterize dietary patterns and in how these methods were described. The extension of reporting guidelines and quality appraisal tools relevant to nutrition research to consider specific features of novel methods may facilitate complete and consistent reporting and enable evidence synthesis to inform policies and programs aimed at supporting healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy M Hutchinson
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Raffoul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Pepetone
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lesley Andrade
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tabitha E Williams
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Health and Well-Being Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jill Reedy
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marissa M Shams-White
- Population Science Department, American Cancer Society, Washington DC, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin W Dodd
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Bodnar
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michael P Wallace
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Deitchler
- Intake - Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI Solutions, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sanaa Hussain
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Jayedi A, Shafiei Neyestanak M, Qorbani M, Abbasi-Ghahremanloo A, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Comparison of habitual and meal-specific dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in adults: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2023; 115:112185. [PMID: 37634394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare characteristics of habitual and meal-specific dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis (LCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). METHODS Participants included 778 adults selected for the present cross-sectional study from local health care centers in Tehran, Iran. Three 24-h dietary recalls evaluated dietary intake. LCA was used to group study participants into exclusive subgroups of individuals with similar patterns of dietary intake. CFA was applied to identify patterns of habitual and meal-specific dietary intake. Analysis of variance was used to compare the average scores of habitual and meal-specific CFA-derived dietary patterns across classes identified by LCA. RESULTS Using habitual dietary intake, CFA grouped correlated food items into three major factors: fruits and vegetables, mixed, and Western dietary patterns. LCA grouped study participants with similar patterns of habitual intake into four subgroups of individuals: fruits and vegetables, mixed, Western, and low consumer classes. LCA-fruits and vegetables, LCA-Western, and LCA-mixed classes had, respectively, higher mean scores of CFA-fruits and vegetables, CFA-Western, and CFA-mixed dietary patterns compared with other classes (P < 0.001). Similar findings were observed for meal-specific dietary intake, where classes identified by LCA had the highest mean scores of their corresponding dietary pattern identified by CFA. CONCLUSION Habitual and meal-specific classes identified by LCA were well characterized by the dietary patterns derived by CFA, suggesting that LCA may be an appropriate statistical approach to classify study participants with similar patterns of intake into exclusive subgroups of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shafiei Neyestanak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ariya M, Sharafi M, Afrashteh S. Association between latent profile of dietary intake and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): Results from Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS). Sci Rep 2023; 13:17749. [PMID: 37853042 PMCID: PMC10584898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been among the most significant non-communicable diseases. Dietary risks account for the most cause of CVDs mortalities. Evaluating overall dietary patterns (through the Latent profile of dietary intake) can provide a more accurate prediction regarding the prevalence of CVDs. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between the latent profile of dietary intake and CVDs prevalence. The population of the Fasa Adults Cohort Study was employed to gather the data (n = 8319). A modified FFQ was employed to assess eating behaviors. Minerals, as well as the energy intake and total fiber, were measured using Nutritionist IV software (version 7.0). To estimate the prevalence of CVDs, accurate records of patients' histories were made. Individuals were clustered according to their dietary intake using latent profile analysis. The mean age was 48.75 ± 9.59 years, and 53.28% (4430) were women. 63.9% of participants with low Socioeconomic Status (SES) were in the low-intake profile (P < 0.001), and high SES increases the odds of being in the high-intake profile (ORhigh/low = 2.87, 95% CI 2.55-3.24). The low-intake group had the lowest amount of physical activity (Met) (P < 0.001). The result of multivariate logistic regression revealed that categorized in the low-intake group significantly increased the development of CVDs (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.07-1.63, P = 0.010). The mean micronutrients and total fiber, in individuals with a low intake profile, were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.001). Overall, we estimated that a low intake of all food groups increases the odds of developing CVDs significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ariya
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharafi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Thomson JL, Landry AS, Walls TI. Similarities and Dissimilarities in Diet Quality Differences by Acculturation Level between Mexican Americans and Other Hispanic Americans: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018. J Nutr 2023; 153:2401-2412. [PMID: 37330141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests dietary acculturation can increase obesity and chronic disease risks. However, acculturation effects on diet quality among subgroups of Hispanic Americans is not well studied. OBJECTIVES Estimating percentages of Hispanic Americans with low, moderate, and high acculturation using 2 proxy measures with different language variables was the first objective. Identifying similarities and dissimilarities in diet quality differences by acculturation level between Mexican Americans and other Hispanic Americans was the second objective. METHODS The study sample included 1733 Mexican American and 1191 other Hispanic participants aged ≥16 y from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018. Proxy measures included in the 2 acculturation scales were nativity/United States residence length, immigration age, language spoken at home (home), and language of dietary recall (recall). Replicate 24-h dietary recalls were conducted, and diet quality was assessed using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index. Analyses included statistical methods for complex survey designs. RESULTS For Mexican Americans, 8%, 35%, and 58% had low, moderate, and high acculturation on the home scale compared with 8%, 30%, and 62% on the recall scale. For other Hispanics, 17%, 39%, and 43% had low, moderate, and high acculturation on the home scale compared with 18%, 34%, and 48% on the recall scale. Similarities between ethnicities included higher acculturation associated with lower intakes of fruits, vegetables, total protein foods, seafood and plant proteins, and saturated fats and greater intake of sodium. Dissimilarities included higher acculturation associated with more whole grains and added sugars intakes and less refined grains intake (Mexican Americans), and less total dairy and fatty acids intakes (other Hispanic Americans). CONCLUSIONS Higher acculturation is associated with worsening diet quality for fruits, vegetables, and protein foods in all Hispanic Americans. However, associations of higher acculturation with worsening diet quality for grains, added sugars, dairy, and fatty acids were present only in specific subgroups of Hispanic Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia S Landry
- Department of Nutrition and Family Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, United States
| | - Tameka I Walls
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, United States
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Thomson JL, Landry AS, Walls TI. Relationships Among Acculturation Using Two Different Language Variables, Diet Quality, and Accuracy of Diet Quality Assessment in Non-Hispanic Asians Residing in the United States. J Nutr 2023; 153:1577-1586. [PMID: 36990183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests acculturation can increase risks of poor diet, obesity, and chronic diseases. Yet questions remain regarding acculturation proxy measures and associations with diet quality in Asian Americans. OBJECTIVE Primary objectives included estimating percentages of Asian Americans with low, moderate, and high acculturation using two proxy measures of acculturation based on different language variables and determining if diet quality differences existed among acculturation levels using the two proxy acculturation measures. METHODS Study sample included 1,275 Asian participants ≥16 years of age from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018. Nativity/length of US residence, immigration age, language spoken at home (home), and language of dietary recall (recall) were used as proxy measures for two acculturation scales. Replicate 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted and diet quality was assessed using 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015). Statistical methods for complex survey designs were used for analysis. RESULTS Using home and recall language, 26% vs 9% of participants were classified with low, 50% vs 63% with moderate, and 24% vs 28% with high acculturation. On the home language scale, participants with low and/or moderate acculturation had higher scores (0.5-5.5 points) for vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seafood and plant protein, saturated fats, added sugars, and total HEI-2015 than participants with high acculturation; participants with low acculturation had lower refined grains score (1.2 points) than participants with high acculturation. Results were similar for the recall language scale except differences between participants with moderate and high acculturation also were observed for fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Although percentages of Asian Americans classified with low, moderate, and high acculturation differed between two proxy measures for acculturation, diet quality differences among acculturation groups were remarkably similar between the two proxy measures. Hence, use of either language variable may yield comparable results regarding relationships between acculturation and diet in Asian Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Thomson
- Delta Human Nutrition Research Program, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, United States.
| | - Alicia S Landry
- Department of Nutrition and Family Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, United States
| | - Tameka I Walls
- Delta Human Nutrition Research Program, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, United States
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Thomson JL, Landry AS, Walls TI. Can United States Adults Accurately Assess Their Diet Quality? Am J Health Promot 2022; 37:499-506. [PMID: 36325649 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221137056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To estimate the percentage of United States adults who accurately assessed their diet quality (DQ). Design Observational, cross-sectional, nationally representative. Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2018. Sample 9757 (86%) of 11 288 adults aged ≥20 years. Measures Perceived DQ was assessed by asking participants, how healthy is your diet? The five responses included excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor. Measured DQ was assessed using 24-hours dietary recalls scored with 2015 Healthy Eating Index; scores were categorized using a 10-point grading scale. Analysis Matches between perceived and measured DQ that were classified as accurate included: excellent = A, very good = A or B, good = B or C, fair = C or D, and poor = D or F. All others were classified as inaccurate. Analyses included descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression for complex survey designs. Results 63% of adults perceived their DQ as very good or good while 70% scored DQ grades of F. Overall, 15% of adults accurately assessed their DQ with 96% accuracy in the poor perception group and <23% in the other 4 groups. Overall, 75% of adults overrated their DQ. Females, adults with lower educational attainment, and those with low food security were more likely to accurately assess their DQ. Conclusion Adults cannot accurately assess their DQ except for those perceiving their DQ as poor, and the majority overrate their DQ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia S. Landry
- Department of Nutrition and Family Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA
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Dietary Risk Factors and Eating Behaviors in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810814. [PMID: 36142725 PMCID: PMC9504787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary risk factors play a fundamental role in the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis and PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease). The impact of nutrition, however, defined as the process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism and repair, remains undefined with regard to PAD. This article describes the interplay between nutrition and the development/progression of PAD. We reviewed 688 articles, including key articles, narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical studies. We analyzed the interaction between nutrition and PAD predictors, and subsequently created four descriptive tables to summarize the relationship between PAD, dietary risk factors and outcomes. We comprehensively reviewed the role of well-studied diets (Mediterranean, vegetarian/vegan, low-carbohydrate ketogenic and intermittent fasting diet) and prevalent eating behaviors (emotional and binge eating, night eating and sleeping disorders, anorexia, bulimia, skipping meals, home cooking and fast/ultra-processed food consumption) on the traditional risk factors of PAD. Moreover, we analyzed the interplay between PAD and nutritional status, nutrients, dietary patterns and eating habits. Dietary patterns and eating disorders affect the development and progression of PAD, as well as its disabling complications including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Nutrition and dietary risk factor modification are important targets to reduce the risk of PAD as well as the subsequent development of MACE and MALE.
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Definitions and Assessment Methods of ‘Home Cooking’ in Studies with Dietary Variables: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163344. [PMID: 36014848 PMCID: PMC9412361 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Home cooking is a complex idea that involves multiple skills and behaviors and can be interpreted differently. Using six databases (two of which were Japanese), this scoping review examined the definitions and methods used in studies investigating the relationship between home cooking and dietary variables. Of the 40 studies (2 in Japanese) included in this review, 8 provided definitions but did not specify the extent or level that convenience foods can be allowed in food preparation. The methods were classified into two categories, namely, perception-dependent (n = 29) if using a self-reported instrument, or perception-independent (n = 11) if based on investigators’ classification. Subsequently, indicators of home cooking were classified based on survey attributes (e.g., frequency, location). All but five studies used single indicators, primarily the preparation frequency (n = 18). Quality of analysis was also evaluated. Studies that used multiple indicators or perception-independent methods showed high or moderate overall quality. In contrast, studies that used single indicators based on perception-dependent methods tended to have a low overall quality. The consistency of the relationship between home cooking and dietary variables depended on study quality. In conclusion, the definitions of home cooking were inconsistent across studies, and lacked consensus for examining the association between dietary outcomes.
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Pfeifer D, Rešetar J, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Panjkota Krbavčić I, Vranešić Bender D, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Ruíz-López MD, Šatalić Z. Cooking at Home and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet During the COVID-19 Confinement: The Experience From the Croatian COVIDiet Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:617721. [PMID: 33869262 PMCID: PMC8044460 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.617721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in dietary behavior among the Croatian adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore the impact of confinement on cooking habits. Methods: The study was based on results from COVIDiet_Int cross-sectional study—a part of COVIDiet project (NCT04449731). A self-administered online questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of food consumption, eating habits, and sociodemographic information. A total number of 4,281 participants (80.5% females and 19.4% males) completed the questionnaire. Results: The Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score before the confinement was 5.02 ± 1.97, while during the confinement, the MEDAS score increased to 5.85 ± 2.04. Participants who had higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) during the confinement were mostly females (88.8%), aged between 20 and 50 years, with the highest level of education (66.3%) and normal BMI (70.6%). The majority of participants maintained their dietary behavior as it was before COVID-19 confinement, while 36.9% decreased their physical activity. Participants with higher MEDAS score were more eager to increase their physical activity. Additionally, higher median values of MEDAS score were noted for participants with body mass index values below 24.9 kg/m2 (6.0 vs. 5.0 for participants with BMI above 25 kg/m2). Participants in all residence places increased their cooking frequency during the confinement (53.8%), which was associated with an increase in vegetables, legumes, as well as fish and seafood consumption. Conclusions: According to our findings, Croatian adults exhibited medium adherence to the MedDiet during the COVID-19 confinement. The results suggest that cooking frequency could be positively associated with overall dietary quality, which is of utmost importance in these demanding times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Pfeifer
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Rešetar
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Darija Vranešić Bender
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Clinical Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) 'JoséMataix', University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ruíz-López
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) 'JoséMataix', University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Zvonimir Šatalić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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