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Sun L, Wen L, Li Q, Chen R, Wen S, Lai X, Lai Z, Cao J, Zhang Z, Hao M, Cao F, Sun S. Microbial Fermentation Enhances the Effect of Black Tea on Hyperlipidemia by Mediating Bile Acid Metabolism and Remodeling Intestinal Microbes. Nutrients 2024; 16:998. [PMID: 38613030 PMCID: PMC11013065 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Black tea (BT), the most consumed tea worldwide, can alleviate hyperlipidemia which is a serious threat to human health. However, the quality of summer BT is poor. It was improved by microbial fermentation in a previous study, but whether it affects hypolipidemic activity is unknown. Therefore, we compared the hypolipidemic activity of BT and microbially fermented black tea (EFT). The results demonstrated that BT inhibited weight gain and improved lipid and total bile acid (TBA) levels, and microbial fermentation reinforced this activity. Mechanistically, both BT and EFT mediate bile acid circulation to relieve hyperlipidemia. In addition, BT and EFT improve dyslipidemia by modifying the gut microbiota. Specifically, the increase in Lactobacillus johnsonii by BT, and the increase in Mucispirillum and Colidextribacter by EFT may also be potential causes for alleviation of hyperlipidemia. In summary, we demonstrated that microbial fermentation strengthened the hypolipidemic activity of BT and increased the added value of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Lianghua Wen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (L.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Shuai Wen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Junxi Cao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Mengjiao Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Fanrong Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (L.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
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Pacheco AIP. Cataractogenesis and molecular pathways, with reactive free oxygen species as a common pathway. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00144-3. [PMID: 37944599 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Slowing down or stopping the natural process of cataractogenesis is certainly a challenge for those who today propose an option other than surgery. Addressing the same problem in different ways constitutes a new approach to solving what is today the number one cause of reversible blindness worldwide. The technological revolution, as well as the advances in the biological sciences, allows us to conceive mechanisms never thought of before to stop the process that, as a common pathway, constitutes opacification of the crystalline lens. A new dawn for cataracts is coming through molecular, newly-discovered mechanisms. Cataractogenesis and molecular pathways have reactive free oxygen species as a common pathway. Surgical removal is today's gold standard, but perhaps not for much longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Iván Pérez Pacheco
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Medical Science, Ophthalmological General Teaching Center Hospital "Dr. Enrique Cabrera", Havana, Cuba.
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3
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Sanatombi K. Antioxidant potential and factors influencing the content of antioxidant compounds of pepper: A review with current knowledge. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3011-3052. [PMID: 37184378 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural food items as antioxidants has gained increasing popularity and attention in recent times supported by scientific studies validating the antioxidant properties of natural food items. Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are also important sources of antioxidants and several studies published during the last few decades identified and quantified various groups of phytochemicals with antioxidant capacities as well as indicated the influence of several pre- and postharvest factors on the antioxidant capacity of pepper. Therefore, this review summarizes the research findings on the antioxidant activity of pepper published to date and discusses their potential health benefits as well as the factors influencing the antioxidant activity in pepper. The major antioxidant compounds in pepper include capsaicinoids, capsinoids, vitamins, carotenoids, phenols, and flavonoids, and these antioxidants potentially modulate oxidative stress related to aging and diseases by targeting reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation products, as well as genes for transcription factors that regulate antioxidant response elements genes. The review also provides a systematic understanding of the factors that maintain or improve the antioxidant capacity of peppers and the application of these strategies offers options to pepper growers and spices industries for maximizing the antioxidant activity of peppers and their health benefits to consumers. In addition, the efficacy of pepper antioxidants, safety aspects, and formulations of novel products with pepper antioxidants have also been covered with future perspectives on potential innovative uses of pepper antioxidants in the future.
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Xing Y, Liang S, Zhang L, Ni H, Zhang X, Wang J, Yang L, Song S, Li HH, Jia C, Jin F. Combination of Lactobacillus fermentum NS9 and aronia anthocyanidin extract alleviates sodium iodate-induced retina degeneration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8380. [PMID: 37225720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to explore the effective approaches to prevent dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, significantly decreased full-field electroretinograms wave amplitudes and disordered retina structures were detected in rat retinas of sodium iodate induced dry AMD model. Six a- and b-wave amplitudes and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, and the outer nuclear layer thickness was significantly improved in the rat retinas treated with the combination of Lactobacillus fermentum NS9 (LF) and aronia anthocyanidin extract (AAE) compared with the model. The effects were much better than the treatment with AAE alone. The proteomics analysis showed the expressions of α-, β- and γ-crystallins were increased by 3-8 folds in AAE treated alone and by 6-11 folds in AAE + LF treatment compared with the model, which was further confirmed by immuno-blotting analysis. Analysis of gut microbial composition indicated that higher abundance of the genus Parasutterella and species P. excrementihominis was found in the AAE + LF treatment compared with the other groups. The results indicated that the combined treatment of AAE + LF is a potential way to prevent the retina degeneration which is significantly better than the AAE treated alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Research Laboratory of Antioxidation & Anti-Aging, Guozhen Health Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Antioxidation & Anti-Aging, Guozhen Health Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - He Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Antioxidation & Anti-Aging, Guozhen Health Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Research Laboratory of Antioxidation & Anti-Aging, Guozhen Health Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shuangshuang Song
- Research Laboratory of Antioxidation & Anti-Aging, Guozhen Health Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hai-Hang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chenxi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center), Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Protective Effects of Orange Sweet Pepper Juices Prepared by High-Speed Blender and Low-Speed Masticating Juicer against UVB-induced Skin Damage in SKH-1 Hairless Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196394. [PMID: 36234931 PMCID: PMC9572457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) contain various nutrients and phytochemicals that enhance human health and prevent the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Here, we report that oral administration of orange sweet pepper juices prepared by a high-speed blender and low-speed masticating juicer reduces UVB-induced skin damage in SKH-1 hairless mice. Sweet pepper juices reduced UVB-induced skin photoaging by the regulation of genes involved in dermal matrix production and maintenance such as collagen type I α 1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2, 3, 9. Administration of sweet pepper juices also restored total collagen levels in UVB-exposed mice. In addition, sweet pepper juices downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, and IL-23, which was likely via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, primary antioxidant enzymes in the skin were enhanced by oral supplementation of sweet pepper juices, as evidenced by increased expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase-2. Immunohistochemical staining showed that sweet pepper juices reduced UVB-induced DNA damage by preventing 8-OHdG formation. These results suggest that sweet pepper juices may offer a protective effect against photoaging by inhibiting the breakdown of dermal matrix, inflammatory response, and DNA damage as well as enhancing antioxidant defense, which leads to an overall reduction in skin damage.
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Fehér J, Élő Á, István L, Nagy ZZ, Radák Z, Scuderi G, Artico M, Kovács I. Microbiota mitochondria disorders as hubs for early age-related macular degeneration. GeroScience 2022; 44:2623-2653. [PMID: 35978068 PMCID: PMC9385247 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central area (macula lutea) of the retina. Research on the pathogenic mechanism of AMD showed complex cellular contribution governed by such risk factors as aging, genetic predisposition, diet, and lifestyle. Recent studies suggested that microbiota is a transducer and a modifier of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondria may be one of the intracellular targets of microbial signaling molecules. This review explores studies supporting a new concept on the contribution of microbiota-mitochondria disorders to AMD. We discuss metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanism in AMD as well as key alterations of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris endothelial, immune, and neuronal cells. Special attention was paid to alterations of mitochondria contact sites (MCSs), an organelle network of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets (LDs), and peroxisomes being documented based on our own electron microscopic findings from surgically removed human eyes. Morphometry of Bruch's membrane lipids and proteoglycans has also been performed in early AMD and aged controls. Microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, and secondary bile acids) and microbial compounds (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and bacterial DNA)-now called postbiotics-in addition to local effects on resident microbiota and mucous membrane, regulate systemic metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanisms in normal conditions and in various common diseases. We also discuss their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects as well as experimental and clinical observations on regulating the main processes of photoreceptor renewal, mitophagy, and autophagy in early AMD. These findings support an emerging concept that microbiota-mitochondria disorders may be a crucial pathogenic mechanism of early AMD; and similarly, to other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, new treatment approaches should be targeted at these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Fehér
- PRIMAVERA Program, Nutripharma Hungaria Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Élő
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla István
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- grid.472475.70000 0000 9243 1481Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- grid.7841.aOphthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- grid.417007.5Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Illés Kovács
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY USA
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Dai S, Wei J, Zhang H, Luo P, Yang Y, Jiang X, Fei Z, Liang W, Jiang J, Li X. Intermittent fasting reduces neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage through the Sirt3/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:122. [PMID: 35624490 PMCID: PMC9137193 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation contributes to the poor prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Intermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to be protective against inflammation in multiple pathogenic processes. In the present study, we aimed to investigated the beneficial effects of IF in attenuating neuroinflammation and neurological deficits in a mouse model of ICH and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods ICH was modeled by intrastriatal injection of autologous blood and IF was modeled by every-other-day feeding in male control mice (C57BL/6), mice with and microglia specific knockout Sirt3f/f;Cx3cr1-Cre (Sirt3 cKO), and Sirt3f/f (wild-type) mice. Brain tissues and arterial blood were harvested at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days after ICH for immunohistochemistry analysis of Iba-1, DARPP-32 and HO-1, morphological analysis by HE staining and inflammatory factor release tests by ELISA. Neurological functions were approached by corner test and cylinder test. Fluorescent double-labeled staining of Iba-1 with CD16, Arg1 or Sirt3 was used to provide direct image of co-expression of these molecules in microglia. TUNEL, cleaved caspase-3 and Nissl staining was performed to evaluate cellular injuries. Results IF alleviated neurological deficits in both acute and chronic phases after ICH. Morphologically, IF enhanced hematoma clearance, reduced brain edema in acute phase and attenuated striatum atrophy in chronic phase. In addition, IF decreased the numbers of TUNEL+ cells and increased Nissl+ neuron number at day 1, 3 and 7 after ICH. IF suppressed CD16+Iba-1+ microglia activation at day 3 after ICH and reduced inflammatory releases, such as IL-1β and TNF-α. The above effects of IF were attenuated by microglia Sirt3 deletion partly because of an inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Interestingly, IF increased Iba-1+ microglia number at day 7 which mainly expressed Arg1 while decreased the proinflammatory factor levels. In mice with microglia-specific Sirt3 deletion, the effects of IF on Iba-1+ microglia activation and anti-inflammatory factor expressions were attenuated when compared with wild-type Sirt3f/f mice. Conclusions IF protects against ICH by suppressing the inflammatory responses via the Sirt3/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02474-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China.,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China.,Department of Health Service, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbin Liang
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jianli Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, China.
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Fiani B, Barthelmass M, Siddiqi I, Kortz M, Pennington E, Pasko K. Vitamin D as a modifiable risk factor, predictor, and theoretical therapeutic agent for vasospasm in spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:11-15. [PMID: 34275126 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Delayed deterioration associated with cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a feared complication after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is one of the leading causes of death in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. The pathophysiology of vasospasm is complex and not fully understood, involving multiple inflammatory pathways in addition to vasoconstriction induced ischemia. Current treatment with anti-inflammatory or vasodilatory medications has been met with limited success and has not led to a decrease in vasospastic associated mortality prompting continued investigation of potential treatment options. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-VitD3), is a hormone with downstream effects that induce anti-inflammatory pathways, promote nitric oxide (NO) induced vasodilation, and lead to neuroprotective-gene expression, which may be useful in mitigating the vascular pathogenesis associated with CVS. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been identified in patients admitted with SAH. Low vitamin D levels in patients, as determined by time of year, has also been correlated to an increased incidence and severity of CVS. Further, the therapeutic usefulness of 1,25-VitD3 has been demonstrated in animal models leading to a decreased incidence of CVS but has yet to be thoroughly investigated in human studies. In this review, we will discuss the findings that suggest the potential of utilizing vitamin D as a predictive indicator, method of prevention, and or treatment option for CVS in patients following spontaneous SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fiani
- Desert Regional Medical Center, 1180 N. Indian Canyon Dr. Ste. 214 W, Palm Springs, CA, 92262, USA.
| | - Michaela Barthelmass
- Desert Regional Medical Center, 1180 N. Indian Canyon Dr. Ste. 214 W, Palm Springs, CA, 92262, USA
| | - Imran Siddiqi
- Desert Regional Medical Center, 1180 N. Indian Canyon Dr. Ste. 214 W, Palm Springs, CA, 92262, USA
| | - Michael Kortz
- Desert Regional Medical Center, 1180 N. Indian Canyon Dr. Ste. 214 W, Palm Springs, CA, 92262, USA
| | - Elisabeth Pennington
- Desert Regional Medical Center, 1180 N. Indian Canyon Dr. Ste. 214 W, Palm Springs, CA, 92262, USA
| | - Kory Pasko
- Desert Regional Medical Center, 1180 N. Indian Canyon Dr. Ste. 214 W, Palm Springs, CA, 92262, USA
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Discovering the Potential of Natural Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010101. [PMID: 35056157 PMCID: PMC8777838 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease associated with anatomical changes in the inner retina. Despite tremendous advances in clinical care, there is currently no cure for AMD. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2021 was undertaken. A total of 82 preclinical and 18 clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. We identified active compounds, carotenoids, extracts and polysaccharides, flavonoids, formulations, vitamins and whole foods with potential therapeutic roles in AMD. We evaluated the integral cellular signaling pathways including the activation of antioxidant pathways and angiogenesis pathways orchestrating their mode of action. In conclusion, we examined the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD which warrant further study for application in clinical practice. Our current understanding is that natural antioxidants have the potential to improve or halt the progression of AMD, and tailoring therapeutics to the specific disease stages may be the key to preventing irreversible vision loss.
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10
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Prevalence and novel risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in elite athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3857-3871. [PMID: 35882673 PMCID: PMC9596536 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vitamin D insufficiency may be common among elite athletes, but prevalence is unclear, and some potentially important risk factors are uncertain. The present study aimed to (a) estimate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in elite athletes, and (b) examine differences in prevalence between the sexes, and between adults and adolescents, from recent studies which used a contemporary definition of insufficiency. METHODS Four databases (Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Sports Medicine and Education Index) were searched for studies in elite athletes. Literature selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently by two researchers. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. Meta-analysis was conducted, using R software x64 4.0.2, to provide estimates of prevalence of insufficiency for adults and adolescents, and to examine between-sex differences in risk of insufficiency. RESULTS From the initial 943 literature search hits, 51 studies were eligible with 5456 participants, 33 studies in adults (12/33 in winter and spring), 15 studies in adolescents (6/15 in winter and spring) and 3 studies with age of study participants not given. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency from meta-analysis was 30% (95% CI 22-39%) in adults and prevalence was higher, though not significantly so, at 39% (95% CI 25-55%) in adolescents. Differences in the prevalence of insufficiency between the sexes for the eight studies which provided within-study comparisons was not significant (RR = 1.0; 95% CI 0.79-1.26). Evidence quality was moderate. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (≤ 50 nmol/L) in elite athletes is high, suggesting a need for greater attention to prevention and treatment. Prevalence estimates in the present study are conservative due to a relative lack of studies in winter. While there was no evidence of higher risk among women than men in the present study, there was less evidence on women.
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Verma S, Chaturvedi V, Ganguly NK, Mittal SA. Vitamin D deficiency: concern for rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19? Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4351-4362. [PMID: 34453644 PMCID: PMC8401347 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an immunomodulatory hormone with an established role in calcium and phosphate metabolism and skeletal mineralization. Evidence showing its immunological benefits by regulating essential components of the innate and adaptive immune system is prevalent. Vitamin D deficiency is reported worldwide and is thereby found to be associated with various immune-related diseases. Rheumatoid Arthritis and COVID-19 are two such diseases, sharing a similar hyperinflammatory response. Various studies have found an association of lower Vitamin D levels to be associated with both these diseases. However, contrasting data is also reported. We review here the available scientific data on risk factor association and supplementation benefits of Vitamin D in Rheumatoid Arthritis and COVID-19, intending to critically evaluate the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Verma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Chaturvedi
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - N K Ganguly
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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