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Valiveti CK, Kumar B, Singh AD, Biradar SK, Ahmad R, Singh AB, Tummala H. Stable Dietary Ora-Curcumin Formulation Protects from Experimental Colitis and Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:957. [PMID: 38891089 PMCID: PMC11172195 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gut disorder that also elevates the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The global incidence and severity of IBD are rising, yet existing therapies often lead to severe side effects. Curcumin offers potent anti-inflammatory and chemotherapeutic properties. However, its clinical translation is hindered by rapid metabolism, as well as poor water solubility and stability, which limits its bioavailability. To address these challenges, we developed OC-S, a water-soluble and colon-targeted curcumin formulation that protects against colitis in mice. The current study advances OC-S as a dietary supplement by establishing its stability and compatibility with various commercial dietary products. Further, OC-S exhibited specific binding to inflamed colon tissue, potentially aiding in targeted drug retention at the inflammation site in colitis with diarrhea symptoms. We further investigated its efficacy in vivo and in vitro using a murine model of colitis and tumoroids from APCmin mice. OC-S significantly reduced colitis severity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared with curcumin, even at very low doses (5 mg/kg/day). It also demonstrated higher anti-proliferative activity in CRC cells and colon cancer tumoroids vs. curcumin. Overall, this study demonstrated that OC-S effectively targets and retains water-soluble curcumin at the inflamed colon sites, while showing promise in addressing both colitis and colorectal cancer, which potentially paves the way for OC-S to advance into clinical development as a dietary product for both IBD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K. Valiveti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (C.K.V.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (B.K.); (A.D.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Anuj D. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (B.K.); (A.D.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Sham K. Biradar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (C.K.V.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (B.K.); (A.D.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (B.K.); (A.D.S.); (R.A.)
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska—Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Hemachand Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (C.K.V.); (S.K.B.)
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2
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Kim S, Jang SH, Kim MJ, Lee JJ, Kim KM, Kim YH, Lee JH, Jung SK. Hybrid nutraceutical of 2-ketoglutaric acid in improving inflammatory bowel disease: Role of prebiotics and TAK1 inhibitor. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116126. [PMID: 38219386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The main cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is abnormal intestinal permeability due to the disruption of the tight junction of the intestinal barrier through a pathogen-mediated inflammatory mechanism and an imbalance of the gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate whether 2-ketoglutaric acid alleviated permeability dysfunction with tight junction localization, activated the transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inflammation pathway, and regulated the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiome in vitro and in vivo IBD model. Our findings revealed that 2-ketoglutaric acid significantly suppressed abnormal intestinal permeability, delocalization of tight junction proteins from the intestinal cell, expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, both in vitro and in vivo. 2-Ketoglutaric acid was found to directly bind to TAK1 and inhibit the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-TAK1 interaction, which is related to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, thereby regulating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Dietary 2-ketoglutaric acid also alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis and IBD symptoms, as demonstrated by improvements in the intestine length and the abundance of Ligilactobacillus, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002, and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified in mice with colitis. This study indicated that 2-ketoglutaric acid binds to TAK1 for activity inhibition which is related to the NF-κB pathway and alleviates abnormal permeability by regulating tight junction localization and gut microbiome homeostasis. Therefore, 2-ketoglutaric acid is an effective nutraceutical agent and prebiotic for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Fu Y, Lyu J, Wang S. The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277102. [PMID: 37876938 PMCID: PMC10591221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut is colonized by many commensal microorganisms, and the diversity and metabolic patterns of microorganisms profoundly influence the intestinal health. These microbial imbalances can lead to disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microorganisms produce byproducts that act as signaling molecules, triggering the immune system in the gut mucosa and controlling inflammation. For example, metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secondary bile acids can release inflammatory-mediated signals by binding to specific receptors. These metabolites indirectly affect host health and intestinal immunity by interacting with the intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. Moreover, Tryptophan-derived metabolites also play a role in governing the immune response by binding to aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR) located on the intestinal mucosa, enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier. Dietary-derived indoles, which are synthetic precursors of AHR ligands, work together with SCFA and secondary bile acids to reduce stress on the intestinal epithelium and regulate inflammation. This review highlights the interaction between gut microbial metabolites and the intestinal immune system, as well as the crosstalk of dietary fiber intake in improving the host microbial metabolism and its beneficial effects on the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Lyu
- Department of Pathology, the First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
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Serrano Fernandez V, Seldas Palomino M, Laredo-Aguilera JA, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Carmona-Torres JM. High-Fiber Diet and Crohn's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3114. [PMID: 37513532 PMCID: PMC10384554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CD is a health problem in Western countries such as the US and European nations and is an idiopathic disease; however, certain cases of CD have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was carried out to determine the efficacy of a diet rich in fiber with or without cointervention to improve remission rates for CD. The literature in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials databases was reviewed. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale. This review was conducted in accordance with the structure outlined in the PRISMA statement. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a random effects model. Eleven studies were included, totaling 2389 patients with CD. Applying a diet rich in fiber with or without the administration of routine therapies improved CD remission rates. Data regarding CD activity, remission time, and adverse effects derived from fiber consumption were analyzed. Consumption of fiber in the diet could improve remission rates for CD patients who receive or do not receive other treatment to maintain remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Serrano Fernandez
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Toledo, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Diana Patricia Pozuelo-Carrascosa
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Kunnumakkara AB, Hegde M, Parama D, Girisa S, Kumar A, Daimary UD, Garodia P, Yenisetti SC, Oommen OV, Aggarwal BB. Role of Turmeric and Curcumin in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:447-518. [PMID: 37082752 PMCID: PMC10111629 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used for thousands of years for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. Curcumin is just one of >200 ingredients in turmeric. Almost 7000 scientific papers on turmeric and almost 20,000 on curcumin have been published in PubMed. Scientific reports based on cell culture or animal studies are often not reproducible in humans. Therefore, human clinical trials are the best indicators for the prevention and treatment of a disease using a given agent/drug. Herein, we conducted an extensive literature survey on PubMed and Scopus following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The keywords "turmeric and clinical trials" and "curcumin and clinical trials" were considered for data mining. A total of 148 references were found to be relevant for the key term "turmeric and clinical trials", of which 70 were common in both PubMed and Scopus, 44 were unique to PubMed, and 34 were unique to Scopus. Similarly, for the search term "curcumin and clinical trials", 440 references were found to be relevant, of which 70 were unique to PubMed, 110 were unique to Scopus, and 260 were common to both databases. These studies show that the golden spice has enormous health and medicinal benefits for humans. This Review will extract and summarize the lessons learned about turmeric and curcumin in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases based on clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Prachi Garodia
- Integrative
Research Center, Miami, Florida 33125, United States
| | - Sarat Chandra Yenisetti
- Department
of Zoology, Drosophila Neurobiology Laboratory, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami, Nagaland-798627, India
| | - Oommen V. Oommen
- Department
of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695581, India
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Inflammation
Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, United States
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Liang L, Saunders C, Sanossian N. Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1671-1704. [PMID: 37051344 PMCID: PMC10084985 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as "leaky gut" or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non-GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Liang
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Nerses Sanossian
- Department of NeurologyMedical School of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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7
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Lai W, Huang Z, Li S, Li XG, Luo D. Kynurenine pathway metabolites modulated the comorbidity of IBD and depressive symptoms through the immune response. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109840. [PMID: 36827928 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is defined as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, more than 20% of people with IBD experience depressive symptoms. Understanding the immunological mechanism of chronic intestinal inflammation on cognitive behavior has become a key research focus. Previous studies have shown that a dysregulated immune response contributes to chronic inflammation and depressive symptoms. The tolerant phenotype exhibited by immune cells regulates the course of chronic inflammation in distinct ways. In addition, neuroglia, such as microglia and astrocytes specific to the brain, are also influenced by deregulated inflammation to mediate the development of depressive symptoms. The kynurenine pathway (KP), a significant tryptophan metabolic pathway, transforms tryptophan into a series of KP metabolites that modulate chronic inflammation and depressive symptoms. In particular, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a rate-limiting enzyme in the KP, is activated by chronic inflammation and leads to the production of kynurenine. In addition, disruption of the brain-gut axis induced by IBD allows kynurenine to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and form a series of neuroactive kynurenine metabolites in glial cells. Among them, quinolinic acid continuously accumulates in the brain, indicating depression. Thus, KP metabolites are critical for driving the comorbidity of IBD and depressive symptoms. In this review, the pathological mechanism of KP metabolite-mediated chronic intestinal inflammation and depressive symptoms by regulating the immune response is summarized according to the latest reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziheng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ding Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Sudhakar P, Wellens J, Verstockt B, Ferrante M, Sabino J, Vermeire S. Holistic healthcare in inflammatory bowel disease: time for patient-centric approaches? Gut 2023; 72:192-204. [PMID: 36171081 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an emerging global disease characterised by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. However, IBD is also manifested by several extraintestinal symptoms which, along with the intestinal symptoms, impact on the mental and emotional well-being of patients. Despite therapeutic advancements, only one-third of the diagnosed patients receiving approved medical treatments achieve short-term to medium-term remission. Consequently, patients who do not get successfully treated might resort to using complementary and alternative approaches to manage their symptoms, with or without consulting their treating clinician. Despite their possible potential, such approaches have various risks stemming from unknown adverse reactions and possible interference with medically approved therapies. In this study, we present the results of a well-performed literature review where we included randomised clinical trials which have assessed the efficacy of complementary approaches and dietary therapy on at least one of the following four outcomes: clinical remission, endoscopic remission, modulation of molecular biomarkers or quality of life metrics. By pointing out intraoutcome and interoutcome concordance, we identified possible candidates for clinical adoption and further study in larger randomised clinical trials covering the broad spectrum of IBD heterogeneity. We finally proposed a patient-centric clinical care model and a series of recommendations for stakeholders, with special attention to complementary approaches and dietary strategies, aimed at achieving holistic remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith Wellens
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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