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Reay WR, Haslam R, Cairns MJ, Moschonis G, Clarke E, Attia J, Collins CE. Variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among older adults in the Hunter Community Study cohort; a comparison of diet quality versus polygenic risk score. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:675-688. [PMID: 35560851 PMCID: PMC9542949 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The interplay between cardiovascular disease (CVD) genetic risk indexed by a polygenic risk score (PRS) and diet quality still requires further investigation amongst older adults or those with established or treated CVD. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative contribution of diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and PRS, with respect to explaining variation in plasma lipids CVD outcomes in the Hunter Cohort. Methods The study comprised a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data from the Hunter Cohort study. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from previously derived polygenic scores (PGSs) for three lipid classes were obtained: low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides, as well as PRS for coronary artery disease (CAD) from the PGS catalogue. Regression modelling and odds ratios were used to determine associations between PRS, ARFS and CVD risk. Results In total, 1703 participants were included: mean ± SD age 66 ± 7.4 years, 51% female, mean ± SD total ARFS 28.1 ± 8 (out of 74). Total diet quality and vegetable subscale were not significantly associated with measured lipids. By contrast, PGS for each lipid demonstrated a markedly strong, statistically significant correlation with its respective measured lipid. There was a significant association between CAD PRS and 5/6 CVD phenotypes (all except atrial fibrillation), with the largest effect size shown with coronary bypass. Adding dietary intake as a covariate did not change this relationship. Conclusions Lipid PGS explained more variance in measured lipids than diet quality. However, the poor diet quality observed in the current cohort may have limited the ability to observe any beneficial effects. Future research should investigate whether the diet quality of older adults can be improved and also the effect of these improvements on changes in polygenic risk. The Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) had little association with lipid and cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints. Lipid polygenic score (PGS) explained more variance in measured lipids than diet quality. The lipid PGS was associated with all three lipid parameters and some CVD endpoints, especially high cholesterol. Coronary artery disease polygenic risk score was associated with CVD endpoints angina, coronary bypass, heart attack, high cholesterol and hypertension and some lipid parameters (high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol).
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Haslam
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erin Clarke
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Population Health and Medical Practice, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Elizabeth Collins
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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