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Russo C, Valle MS, D’Angeli F, Surdo S, Malaguarnera L. Resveratrol and Vitamin D: Eclectic Molecules Promoting Mitochondrial Health in Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7503. [PMID: 39062745 PMCID: PMC11277153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss and atrophy of skeletal muscle function, often associated with aging or secondary to conditions involving systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that skeletal muscle function is not only influenced by physical, environmental, and genetic factors but is also significantly impacted by nutritional deficiencies. Natural compounds with antioxidant properties, such as resveratrol and vitamin D, have shown promise in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle cells. These antioxidants can slow down muscle atrophy by regulating mitochondrial functions and neuromuscular junctions. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms leading to skeletal muscle atrophy and summarizes recent advances in using resveratrol and vitamin D supplementation for its prevention and treatment. Understanding these molecular mechanisms and implementing combined interventions can optimize treatment outcomes, ensure muscle function recovery, and improve the quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Floriana D’Angeli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sofia Surdo
- Italian Center for the Study of Osteopathy (CSDOI), 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Lima MCDAM, Zazula MF, Martins LF, Carvalhal SR, Guimarães ATB, Fernandes LC, Naliwaiko K. How soon do metabolic alterations and oxidative distress precede the reduction of muscle mass and strength in Wistar rats in aging process? Biogerontology 2024; 25:491-506. [PMID: 38064115 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Here we investigate metabolic changes, the antioxidant system and the accumulation of oxidative damage in muscles with different fiber types during the aging process in Wistar rats and try to map how sooner the changes occur. To do so, 30 male Wistar rats were submitted to behavioral evaluation to determine voluntary strength in the 11, 15, and 19 month old rats, measuring the energy metabolism, antioxidant system, oxidative damage and structure in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. We detected structural and metabolic changes in both muscles, especially in the EDL of 15 month old rats and in the soleus of 19 month old rats. In the 15 month old rats, there was a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the fibers, and a reduction in the proportion of type I fibers, accompanied by an increase in fiber density and the amount of type IIA fibers. This change in the fiber profile was followed by an increase in the activity of anaerobic metabolism enzymes, suggesting a reduction in the oxidative capacity of the muscle. In addition, there was an increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a reduced antioxidant capacity. In the 19 month old rats, these disturbances got stronger. In summary, the present study demonstrated that before functional disturbances, there was an accumulation of oxidative damage and structural changes in the skeletal muscle beginning at 15 months old in the EDL and the soleus only in the biochemical parameters. Therefore, the metabolic alterations occurred at 15 months old and not before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malu Cristina de Araújo Montoro Lima
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81530-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe Zazula
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81530-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Martins
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81530-900, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Rubiane Carvalhal
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81530-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigações Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Fernandes
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81530-900, Brazil
| | - Katya Naliwaiko
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81530-900, Brazil.
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Estrada-Angulo A, Verdugo-Insúa M, Escobedo-Gallegos LDG, Castro-Pérez BI, Urías-Estrada JD, Ponce-Barraza E, Mendoza-Cortez D, Ríos-Rincón FG, Monge-Navarro F, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Corona-Gochi L, Plascencia A. Influences of a Supplemental Blend of Essential Oils Plus 25-Hydroxy-Vit-D3 and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride (β2 Agonist) on Growth Performance and Carcass Measures of Feedlot Lambs Finished under Conditions of High Ambient Temperature. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1391. [PMID: 38731393 PMCID: PMC11083129 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin male intact lambs (25.12 ± 3.79 kg LW) were used in a 70-d growing-finishing trial. Dietary treatments consisted of total mixed corn-based diet supplemented with: (1) no feed additives (Control); (2) 150 mg of essential oils blend plus 0.10 mg of 25-hydroxy-Vit-D3/kg diet offered throughout the 70-d experimental period (EOD3); (3) Control diet fed during the first 35 days and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation at 6 mg/kg diet offered during the final 35 days of the experiment (32 days with ZH with a withdrawal 3-d before harvest), and (4) basal diet supplemented with EOD3 during first 35 days finishing, and EOD3 in combination with ZH (EOD3 + ZH) during the subsequent 32-days with ZH withdrawal 3 days before harvest. The temperature-humidity index during the experiment averaged 80.4 ± 3.2. There were no treatment interactions (p > 0.20) on growth performance and carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 did not affect (p = 0.43) dry matter intake (DMI), but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted average daily gain (ADG, 9.2%), gain efficiency (GF, 6.7%), and observed vs. expected dietary net energy for maintenance (NEm, 4.8%) and for gain (NEg, 6.4%). Supplemental ZH did not affect dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.50) but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted ADG (14.5%), GF (13%) and observed vs. expected dietary NEm (9%) and NEg (11.7%). Compared to control lambs, the combination of both additives increased ADG (24.9%), GF (21.2%), and observed vs. expected dietary NEm and NEg (14.2% and 18.9%, respectively). There were no treatment interactions on carcass characteristics, visceral organ mass, or on gene expression of IGF1, IGF2 and mTOR in longissimus muscle (LM). Supplemental EOD3 increased hot carcass weight (HCW; 4.0%, p < 0.01) but did not affect other carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 decreased (3%, p = 0.03) intestine mass weight (g intestine/kg empty body weight). Supplemental ZH increased HCW (6%, p < 0.01), dressing percentage (1.7%, p = 0.04), and LM area (9.7%, p < 0.01), and decreased kidney-pelvic-fat percentage (16.2%, p < 0.01), fat thickness (14.7%, p = 0.03), and visceral fat. Compared to controls, the combination of EOD3 with ZH increased HCW (10.2%). It is concluded that growth performance responses to supplemental EOD3 and ZH are additive. Both supplements can be fed in combination without detrimental effects on expected benefits when fed separately. In addition, ZH supplementation improves carcass traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Estrada-Angulo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Moisés Verdugo-Insúa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Lucía de G. Escobedo-Gallegos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Jesús D. Urías-Estrada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Elizama Ponce-Barraza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Cortez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco G. Ríos-Rincón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco Monge-Navarro
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (F.M.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Barreras
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (F.M.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Richard A. Zinn
- Animal Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Luis Corona-Gochi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
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Wang L, Valencak TG, Shan T. Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109221. [PMID: 38433917 PMCID: PMC10907799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized as a distinct disease from sarcopenia and is directly related to declining muscle capacity. Hence, understanding the origins and regulatory mechanisms of fat infiltration is vital for maintaining skeletal muscle development and improving human health. In this article, we summarized the triggering factors such as aging, metabolic diseases and metabolic syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, and muscle injury that all induce fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. We discussed recent advances on the cellular origins of fat infiltration and found several cell types including myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells that contribute to myosteatosis. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanism, detection methods, and intervention strategies of fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. Based on the current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and treating muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Shelley SP, James RS, Eustace SJ, Eyre ELJ, Tallis J. High-fat diet effects on contractile performance of isolated mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus when supplemented with high dose vitamin D. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:283-301. [PMID: 37983200 PMCID: PMC10988740 DOI: 10.1113/ep091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests vitamin D3 (VD) supplementation can reduce accumulation of adipose tissue and inflammation and promote myogenesis in obese individuals, and thus could mitigate obesity-induced reductions in skeletal muscle (SkM) contractility. However, this is yet to be directly investigated. This study, using the work-loop technique, examined effects of VD (cholecalciferol) supplementation on isolated SkM contractility. Female mice (n = 37) consumed standard low-fat diet (SLD) or high-fat diet (HFD), with or without VD (20,000 IU/kg-1 ) for 12 weeks. Soleus and EDL (n = 8-10 per muscle per group) were isolated and absolute and normalized (to muscle size and body mass) isometric force and power output (PO) were measured, and fatigue resistance determined. Absolute and normalized isometric force and PO of soleus were unaffected by diet (P > 0.087). However, PO normalized to body mass was reduced in HFD groups (P < 0.001). Isometric force of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was unaffected by diet (P > 0.588). HFD reduced EDL isometric stress (P = 0.048) and absolute and normalized PO (P < 0.031), but there was no effect of VD (P > 0.493). Cumulative work during fatiguing contractions was lower in HFD groups (P < 0.043), but rate of fatigue was unaffected (P > 0.060). This study uniquely demonstrated that high-dose VD had limited effects on SkM contractility and did not offset demonstrated adverse effects of HFD. However, small and moderate effect sizes suggest improvement in EDL muscle performance and animal morphology in HFD VD groups. Given effect sizes observed, coupled with proposed inverted U-shaped dose-effect curve, future investigations are needed to determine dose/duration specific responses to VD, which may culminate in improved function of HFD SkM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharn P. Shelley
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Rob S. James
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | | | | | - Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
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Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061218. [PMID: 36981144 PMCID: PMC10048759 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the current evidence on the independent and combined effects of diet and exercise and their impact on skeletal muscle mass in the elderly population. Skeletal muscle makes up approximately 40% of total body weight and is essential for performing daily activities. The combination of exercise and diet is known to be a potent anabolic stimulus through stimulation of muscle protein synthesis from amino acids. Aging is strongly associated with a generalized deterioration of physiological function, including a progressive reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which in turn leads to a gradual functional impairment and an increased rate of disability resulting in falls, frailty, or even death. The term sarcopenia, which is an age-related syndrome, is primarily used to describe the gradual and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass (mainly in type II muscle fibers) and function. Multimodal training is emerging as a popular training method that combines a wide range of physical dimensions. On the other hand, nutrition and especially protein intake provide amino acids, which are essential for muscle protein synthesis. According to ESPEN, protein intake in older people should be at least 1 g/kgbw/day. Essential amino acids, such as leucine, arginine, cysteine, and glutamine, are of particular importance for the regulation of muscle protein synthesis. For instance, a leucine intake of 3 g administered alongside each main meal has been suggested to prevent muscle loss in the elderly. In addition, studies have shown that vitamin D and other micronutrients can have a protective role and may modulate muscle growth; nevertheless, further research is needed to validate these claims. Resistance-based exercise combined with a higher intake of dietary protein, amino acids, and/or vitamin D are currently recognized as the most effective interventions to promote skeletal muscle growth. However, the results are quite controversial and contradictory, which could be explained by the high heterogeneity among studies. It is therefore necessary to further assess the impact of each individual exercise and nutritional approach, particularly protein and amino acids, on human muscle turnover so that more efficient strategies can be implemented for the augmentation of muscle mass in the elderly.
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Pinzariu AC, Sova IA, Maranduca MA, Filip N, Drochioi IC, Vamesu CG, Clim A, Hurjui LL, Moscalu M, Soroceanu RP, Serban DN, Serban IL. Vitamin D Deficiency in Both Oral and Systemic Manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Updated Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 59:medicina59010068. [PMID: 36676692 PMCID: PMC9866644 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The specialized literature emphasizes the fact that vitamin D has a potentially beneficial effect in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of vitamin D, both prophylactic and curative, in the treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Even though its relevance is still unknown and causes various controversies, there is currently no specific treatment for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. There are various prevention strategies with new vaccination schedules, but additional randomized and clinical trials are still needed to combat this pandemic. In addition to the systemic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, oral manifestations of this disease have also been described in the literature. The etiology of oral manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection and vitamin D deficiency remains controversial. In the present studies, oral manifestations such as salivary gland infections, aphthae, erythema, gingivitis, ulcers, etc. have been reported. This is a new topic, and the prevalence of manifestations is described in only a few studies, which is inconsistent with the number of COVID-19 cases reported since the beginning of the pandemic. The clinical symptomatology in patients with current COVID-19 infection is polymorphic. Whether the oral manifestation is directly caused by SARS-CoV-2 or a secondary manifestation remains an important topic to analyze and discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Constantin Pinzariu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ivona Andreea Sova
- IOSUD Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nina Filip
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ilie Cristian Drochioi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Reconstructive, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700020 Iasi, Romania
| | - Calin George Vamesu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Clim
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Radu Petru Soroceanu
- Department of Surgery I, Discipline of Surgical Semiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragomir Nicolae Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Papadopoulou SK, Mantzorou M, Kondyli-Sarika F, Alexandropoulou I, Papathanasiou J, Voulgaridou G, Nikolaidis PT. The Key Role of Nutritional Elements on Sport Rehabilitation and the Effects of Nutrients Intake. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10060084. [PMID: 35736824 PMCID: PMC9227980 DOI: 10.3390/sports10060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is of utmost importance for athletes, especially during rehabilitation after injury in order to achieve fast healing and return to sports. The aim of this narrative review is to define the proper nutritional elements for athletes to meet their needs and facilitate their fast return to sports after surgery or injury, as well as determine the effects of specific nutrients intake. Studies on antioxidants, which are substances that protect against free radicals, for the injured athlete are few and unclear, yet poly-phenols and especially flavonoids might improve healing and inflammation following an injury. Benefits of vitamin C or E on muscle damage are disputable in relevant studies, while optimal levels of vitamin D and calcium contribute to bone healing. Minerals are also essential for athletes. Other supplements suggested for muscle damage treatment and protein synthesis include leucine, creatine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate. Diets that include high-quality products, rich in micronutrients (like vitamins, minerals, etc.) bio-active compounds and other nutritional elements (like creatine) are suggested, while an individualized nutrition program prescribed by a trained dietitian is important. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of these nutritional elements, especially regarding injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (F.K.-S.); (I.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Foivi Kondyli-Sarika
- Department Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (F.K.-S.); (I.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Ioanna Alexandropoulou
- Department Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (F.K.-S.); (I.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Jannis Papathanasiou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Allergology& Physiotherapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Kinesitherapy, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (F.K.-S.); (I.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Pantelis T. Nikolaidis
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an updated overview of recent efficacy data on the use of muscle-targeted nutritional therapy, which should consider the optimization of protein and essential amino acids intakes, possibly in combination with supplementation with vitamin D (correction of deficiency/insufficiency status) and v-3 fatty acids. RECENT FINDINGS Intervention studies conducted in the last years in different healthcare settings and heterogeneous patient populations support the use of muscle-targeted oral nutritional supplementation to improve muscle mass, function and physical performance in patients with sarcopenia. Higher efficacy is likely to be achieved in combination with individually tailored resistance exercise training programs and when nutritional therapy and the provision of specific nutrients result in an adequate protein-calorie balance. However, not only a reactive but also a pro-active application of this therapy could be proposed as evidence exists on the maintenance of or improvement in the same outcome variables in patients at risk of losing skeletal muscle mass. SUMMARY Based on available efficacy data, both a reactive and pro-active use of muscle-targeted nutritional therapy are promising and should be proposed. However, future research should be directed toward the management of patient populations characterized by substantial muscle wasting, as these have been frequently excluded from previous trials, perhaps to avoid confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlínico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlínico San Matteo, Pavia
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Vitamin D is Positively Associated with Bone Mineral Density Muscle Mass and Negatively with Insulin Resistance in Senile Diabetes Mellitus. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9231408. [PMID: 35392498 PMCID: PMC8983190 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9231408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the correlations between vitamin D level and bone mineral density (BMD), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and muscle mass in patients with senile type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Totally, 80 patients with senile T2DM admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital from Jan 2020 to Oct 2021 were enrolled and assigned to the 25 (OH)D-deficiency group (n = 35) or 25(OH)D-normal group (n = 45) according to serum 25(OH)D level. BMD and HOMA-IR in the femur neck and muscle masses of upper and lower limbs were compared between the two groups, and Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the relations between 25(OH)D and BMD, HOMA-IR, and muscle masses of upper and lower limbs. Results No notable difference was found between the two groups in general data including age, gender, diabetes duration, BMI, HBA 1c, and fasting insulin (all P > 0.05). Compared with the 25(OH)D-normal group, the 25 (OH)D-deficiency group showed a notably lower BMD in the femur neck, notably lower muscle masses of upper and lower limbs, and a notably higher HOMA-IR level (all P < 0.05). The Pearson's correlation analysis revealed positive associations between 25(OH)D and BMD and muscle masses of upper and lower limbs in patients with senile T2DM and a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The serum 25(OH)D decreases notably in patients with senile T2DM, and higher serum 25(OH)D level may improve insulin resistance, limb muscle masses, and bone density and thus maintain bone health.
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