1
|
Wang X, Wong ACW, Sheng Z, Wong SYS, Yang X. The relationship between dietary sugar consumption and anxiety disorders: A systematic review. NUTR BULL 2024. [PMID: 39138127 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
High-sugar intake is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, but less is known about its role in anxiety disorders. This systematic review aimed to systematically synthesise and assess the existing evidence regarding the association between dietary sugars intake and anxiety disorders. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycArticles and APA PsycINFO was conducted up to 19th August 2022. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Eleven studies (10 cross-sectional and 1 randomised controlled trial [RCT]) were included. Seven cross-sectional studies had very good quality or good quality, and the quality of the RCT was at low risk of bias. These studies examined sugar-sweetened beverages (n = 7), sugar-sweetened foods (n = 4) and/or added sugar (n = 5). The findings suggest a possible positive relationship of added sugar consumption with anxiety disorders, with age as a potential moderator in such association. No conclusions can be drawn on the associations between sugar-sweetened beverages, sugar-sweetened foods consumption and anxiety disorders. Due to the included studies being mostly cross-sectional, the conclusions drawn from the existing evidence should be interpreted with caution. The longitudinal design is warranted to investigate any causal relationship and the potential mechanisms underlying these heterogeneous results. The potential difference in effect at different ages observed in this review should be further examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Agassi Chun Wai Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziyue Sheng
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duquenne P, Samieri C, Chambaron S, Brindisi MC, Kesse-Guyot E, Galan P, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Léger D, Fezeu LK, Andreeva VA. Chronic insomnia, high trait anxiety and their comorbidity as risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11927. [PMID: 38789594 PMCID: PMC11126668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the insomnia-anxiety comorbidity with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a large prospective cohort. We selected adults without diabetes at baseline from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort who had completed the trait anxiety subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T, 2013-2016) and a sleep questionnaire (2014); insomnia was defined according to established criteria. Using multivariable Cox models, we compared T2D risk across 4 groups: no insomnia or anxiety (reference), insomnia alone, anxiety alone (STAI-T ≥ 40), and comorbid anxiety and insomnia. Among 35,014 participants (mean baseline age: 52.4 ± 14.0 years; 76% women), 378 (1.1%) developed T2D over a mean follow-up of 5.9 ± 2.1 years. Overall, 28.5% of the sample had anxiety alone, 7.5%-insomnia alone, and 12.5%-both disorders. In the fully-adjusted model, a higher T2D risk was associated with anxiety-insomnia comorbidity (HR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.01, 1.94), but not with each disorder separately, compared to the group without insomnia or anxiety. The findings supported a positive association between anxiety-insomnia comorbidity and incident T2D among general-population adults. Future research using clinical diagnoses of mental disorders could confirm the findings and guide diabetes prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Duquenne
- INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Nord University and Paris Cité University, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France.
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Bordeaux Population Health, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Chambaron
- Center for Taste and Feeding Behavior, CNRS, INRAE, Agro Dijon Institute, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claude Brindisi
- Center for Taste and Feeding Behavior, CNRS, INRAE, Agro Dijon Institute, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- University Hospital Center, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Nord University and Paris Cité University, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Nord University and Paris Cité University, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Nord University and Paris Cité University, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France
- Department of Public Health, AP-HP Paris Seine-Saint-Denis Hospital System, Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Nord University and Paris Cité University, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Damien Léger
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, APHP Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Nord University and Paris Cité University, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Nord University and Paris Cité University, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France.
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi X, Tuan H, Na X, Yang H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xi M, Tan Y, Yang C, Zhang J, Zhao A. The Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Male Pattern Hair Loss in Young Men. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010214. [PMID: 36615870 PMCID: PMC9824121 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed this study to investigate the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and male pattern hair loss (MPHL) in young men. We conducted this cross-sectional study from January to April 2022 in mainland China. Young people aged 18-45 years (n = 1951) were recruited from 31 provinces in China. We used a self-reported online survey for data collection. We explored the associations between the amount/frequency of SSB consumption and MPHL by using a binary logistic regression model, with adjustments for sociodemographic, hair status, dietary intake, lifestyle, and psychological factors. Among the 1028 participants (27.8 ± 7.2 years) in the final analysis, we found that high SSB consumption is associated with a higher risk of MPHL. We recommend more support to decrease SSB consumption among young people to minimize negative health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Shi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hsiaohan Tuan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haibing Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Menglu Xi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuefeng Tan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Celi Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6279-6447
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mróz M, Gross JJ, Brytek-Matera A. Trait Anxiety and Unhealthy Eating in Adult Women: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Instability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:296. [PMID: 36612619 PMCID: PMC9819590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of affective states on unhealthy eating. Heightened impulsivity has also been recognized as a risk factor for unhealthy eating. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and unhealthy eating and to test whether cognitive instability (trait impulsivity component) might mediate this relationship among adult women. METHOD The sample was composed of 225 women (Mage = 29.70 ± 9.23; MBodyMass Index = 23.39 ± 4.43). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used. We first conducted a principal components analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the FFQ data, finding four principal components. For our primary analyses, we focused on unhealthy eating. We then conducted a mediation analysis to examine whether trait anxiety was associated with unhealthy eating and, if so, whether cognitive impulsivity mediated this relationship. RESULTS Trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, and cognitive instability was positively associated with unhealthy eating. Trait anxiety was also positively associated with unhealthy eating, but only when controlling for cognitive instability. Consistent with our proposed mediation model, trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, which in turn predicted unhealthy eating among adult women. CONCLUSION Adult women who reported higher levels of trait anxiety experienced higher levels of cognitive instability and engaged in poor dietary behaviors. Identifying the factors related to unhealthy eating represents a crucial step toward findings ways of reducing their impact on food intake and replacing them with more productive ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mróz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Katowice Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Associations of overall and specific carbohydrate intake with anxiety status evolution in the prospective NutriNet-Santé population-based cohort. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21647. [PMID: 36517506 PMCID: PMC9750050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between carbohydrate intake and anxiety evolution within the general-population NutriNet-Santé cohort (N = 15,602; 73.8% female; mean age = 53.8y; mean follow-up = 5.4y). Carbohydrate intake was estimated at baseline from ≥ 2 24-h dietary records. Trait anxiety (STAI-T) was measured once at baseline (2013-2016) and once at follow-up (2020), resulting in 4 groups: "None" = absence of high anxiety (STAI-T > 40 points) at any time point; "Transient" = high anxiety only at baseline; "Onset at follow-up" = high anxiety only at follow-up; "Persistent" = high anxiety at baseline and follow-up. Polytomous logistic regression models revealed that sweetened beverage intake was associated with higher odds of "Transient" anxiety (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.21). Intake of complex carbohydrates (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.12; 1.01-1.25) was associated with higher odds of anxiety "Onset at follow-up." The % energy from carbohydrates (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.11; 1.03-1.19), intakes of total carbohydrates (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.10; 1.03-1.18) and complex carbohydrates (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.09; 1.02-1.17) were associated with higher odds of "Persistent" anxiety, whereas 100% fruit juice intake showed lower odds of "Persistent" anxiety (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.87; 0.81-0.94). This prospective study found significant associations between dietary carbohydrate intake and anxiety status evolution among French adults. The findings could help inform dietary interventions aimed at anxiety prevention and management.
Collapse
|
6
|
Alosaimi AM, Alsulaimani NH, Alotaibi WA. Potential mechanisms for poor glycaemic control in patients with type two diabetes and fear of hypoglycaemia. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1689-1697. [PMID: 36404853 PMCID: PMC9672273 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to explore the potential effect of diabetes-related distress on the association between fear of hypoglycaemia and poor glycaemic control. We evaluated the specific aspects of fear of hypoglycaemia that affect glycaemic control among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Descriptive cross-sectional survey of patients with T2D attending a specialist diabetes clinic in Taif, Saudi Arabia. We used the Hypoglycaemia Attitudes and Behaviour Scale (HABS) for assessing fear of hypoglycaemia among our sample. We used Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate the moderators and correlates of fear of hypoglycaemia. Results We surveyed 365 patients with T2D. Cronbach's alpha for the HABS assessment was 0.84, an indication of excellent internal consistency. The composite reliability for hypoglycaemic anxiety was 86.8%; hypoglycaemic avoidance was 85.2%; and hypoglycaemic confidence was 92.6%. The mean HABS score was 32.7 points (out of 70 points; SD = 9.8 points). Fear of hypoglycaemia was associated with increased levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), presence of eye disease, heart disease, and stroke. Fear of hypoglycaemia was associated with poor glycaemic control. No significant moderating effect of diabetes-related distress was observed. However, only hypoglycaemic anxiety and avoidance were associated with poor glycaemic control. Confidence in the ability to control low glucose levels was not associated with elevated HbA1c levels. Conclusion A significant finding of this study highlighted the considerable and direct effect of fear of hypoglycaemia on poor glycaemic control among patients with T2D. However, only fear-related anxiety and avoidance-and not confidence in the ability to control low glucose levels-had an effect on poor glycaemic control.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kose J, Duquenne P, Srour B, Debras C, Léger D, Péneau S, Galan P, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Andreeva VA. Synthèse narrative sur le lien entre les apports en glucides et la santé mentale : focus sur l’anxiété et l’insomnie chez les adultes. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
8
|
Caffeine Intake and Its Sex-Specific Association with General Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Analysis among General Population Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061242. [PMID: 35334898 PMCID: PMC8951500 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive stimulants worldwide. It has been suggested that caffeine intake at large doses can induce anxiety, whereas evidence of the role of low to moderate caffeine intake is scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between caffeine intake and general anxiety in adults recruited from the general population. (2) Methods: Participants from the French NutriNet-Santé web cohort with data on caffeine intake and general anxiety (assessed during 2013−2016 through the trait subscale of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y; STAI-T, sex-specific top quartile = high trait anxiety) were included in this cross-sectional analysis (n = 24,197; 74.1% women; mean age = 53.7 ± 13.9 years). Mean dietary intake was estimated using ≥2 self-reported 24-h dietary records. Sex-specific tertiles of caffeine intake and low/high trait anxiety were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between caffeine intake and general anxiety by sex. (3) Results: In the total sample, the mean caffeine intake (mg/day) from all dietary sources combined was 220.6 ± 165.0 (women = 212.4 ± 159.6; men = 243.8 ± 177.7, p < 0.01). Women in the highest tertile of caffeine intake showed significantly higher odds for high trait anxiety compared to those in the lowest tertile (reference), even after adjustment for potential confounders (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03−1.23). No significant associations were detected among men. Sensitivity analyses according to perceived stress level and sugar intake, respectively, showed similar results. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that higher caffeine intake is associated with higher odds of general anxiety among women but not among men. Further research is needed to confirm the sex-specific findings and elucidate the potential causal relationship between caffeine intake and anxiety status.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kose J, Paz Graniel I, Péneau S, Julia C, Hercberg S, Galan P, Touvier M, Andreeva VA. A population-based study of macronutrient intake according to mental health status with a focus on pure and comorbid anxiety and eating disorders. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3685-3696. [PMID: 35678893 PMCID: PMC9178539 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eating disorders (ED) and anxiety impact food choices. In addition, comorbid anxiety seems to increase ED symptoms and severity. However, the association between such comorbidity and dietary intake is unknown. This population-based, cross-sectional study aimed to assess macronutrient intake according to mental health status (i.e., no disorder, pure and comorbid anxiety and ED). METHODS The study included N = 24,771 participants (74% female, mean age = 53.2 ± 13.7 years) in the NutriNet-Santé cohort, who completed once the trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T; high anxiety: ≥ 40 points) between 2013 and 2016 and the SCOFF questionnaire screening for ED in 2014. The Expali algorithm was applied to categorize ED (no ED; restrictive: RS; bulimic: BL; hyperphagic: HP; other ED). Participants were divided into ten groups by crossing their anxiety status (two groups: low or high) and their ED status (five groups). Macronutrient intakes were evaluated from ≥ 3 24-h dietary records. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) and Dunnett-Hsu tests (reference = no disorder) were performed. RESULTS Significant differences in macronutrient intake were seen between the pure and comorbid forms, especially for RS and HP. Compared to the "no disorder" group, a significantly higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates, higher intakes of total carbohydrates, simple sugars, and plant-based protein, lower intakes of total fat, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol were observed in the comorbid anxiety + RS group, but not in the pure RS group. In contrast, significantly lower intakes of added sugar and plant-based protein, and a higher intake of cholesterol were observed in the pure HP group, but not in the comorbid anxiety + HP group. For BL and other ED, similar results were observed between the pure and comorbid forms. CONCLUSION This large epidemiological study provided some support for differences in macronutrient intake between individuals with pure or comorbid anxiety and ED. Differences in intake were largely dependent on ED type. Future prospective studies and studies using clinically defined anxiety and ED are needed to elucidate causality as well as potential effect modification of the observed associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kose
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153/INRAE U1125/CNAM, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), University of Paris, SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Indira Paz Graniel
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain ,Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Reus, Spain ,CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153/INRAE U1125/CNAM, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), University of Paris, SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153/INRAE U1125/CNAM, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), University of Paris, SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France ,Department of Public Health, AP-HP Paris Seine-Saint-Denis Hospital System, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153/INRAE U1125/CNAM, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), University of Paris, SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France ,Department of Public Health, AP-HP Paris Seine-Saint-Denis Hospital System, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153/INRAE U1125/CNAM, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), University of Paris, SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153/INRAE U1125/CNAM, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), University of Paris, SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A. Andreeva
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Équipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153/INRAE U1125/CNAM, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), University of Paris, SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| |
Collapse
|