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Eguren-García I, Sumalla-Cano S, Conde-González S, Vila-Martí A, Briones-Urbano M, Martínez-Díaz R, Elío I. Risk Factors for Eating Disorders in University Students: The RUNEAT Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:942. [PMID: 38727499 PMCID: PMC11083517 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess the risk of developing general eating disorders (ED), anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN), as well as to examine the effects of gender, academic year, place of residence, faculty, and diet quality on that risk. Over two academic years, 129 first- and fourth-year Uneatlántico students were included in an observational descriptive study. The self-administered tests SCOFF, EAT-26, and BITE were used to determine the participants' risk of developing ED. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was used to evaluate the quality of the diet. Data were collected at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the academic year. The main results were that at T1, 34.9% of participants were at risk of developing general ED, AN 3.9%, and BN 16.3%. At T2, these percentages were 37.2%, 14.7%, and 8.5%, respectively. At T2, the frequency of general ED in the female group was 2.5 times higher (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.22-5.32, p = 0.012). The low-moderate adherence to the MD students' group was 0.92 times less frequent than general ED at T2 (OR: 0.921, 95%CI: 0.385-2.20, p < 0.001). The most significant risk factor for developing ED is being a female in the first year of university. Moreover, it appears that the likelihood of developing ED generally increases during the academic year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Eguren-García
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Sandra Conde-González
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
| | - Anna Vila-Martí
- Research Group M3O, Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Mercedes Briones-Urbano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Department of Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR 00613, USA
| | - Raquel Martínez-Díaz
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Bié, Angola
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de La Romana, La Romana 22000, Dominican Republic
| | - Iñaki Elío
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (S.C.-G.); (M.B.-U.); (R.M.-D.)
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
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Alarming changes in the global burden of mental disorders in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1827-1845. [PMID: 35831670 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders account for a large and increasing health burden worldwide, as shown in the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2010. Unpacking how this burden in children and adolescents varies with sex, geographical regions, and ethnicities and how it has changed in the last 3 decades are important to improve the existing public health policies and prevention strategies. The study was conducted using GBD 2019 database. The burden of children and adolescents' (< 20 years old) mental disorders was displayed as prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability globally between 1990 and 2019. The number of DALYs in children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders was 21.5 million (95% CI: 15.2-29.6 million) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized rates of DALYs of mental disorders increased from 803.8 per 100,000 (95% CI: 567.7-1104.3 per 100,000) to 833.2 per 100,000 (95% CI: 589.0-1146.1 per 100,000) population. Over the past 30 years, there had been a huge increase in the number of individuals suffering from anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and conduct disorders including an alarming increase in the rate of eating disorders such as 24.3% in bulimia nervosa and 17.0% in anorexia nervosa. Globally, 8.8% of children and adolescents have been diagnosed with varieties of mental illnesses, accounting for a heavy disease burden on public health. Besides, the worldwide increasing rates of anxiety disorders, major depressive disorders, and eating disorders have brought considerable challenges to public health undertakings, for which further prevention and treatment countermeasures are urgently needed.
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Mora F, Alvarez-Mon MA, Fernandez-Rojo S, Ortega MA, Felix-Alcantara MP, Morales-Gil I, Rodriguez-Quiroga A, Alvarez-Mon M, Quintero J. Psychosocial Factors in Adolescence and Risk of Development of Eating Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071481. [PMID: 35406094 PMCID: PMC9002868 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: current findings in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders (ED) do not allow the formulation of a unique causal model. Currently, the main hypotheses about the etiopathogenesis are based on a multifactorial approach, considering both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and behavioral factors, as well as self-esteem, in students of the first cycle of middle school and the probability of belonging to the risk group of eating disorders (ED) measured through the EAT-26 scale. Methods: The study target population consists of students of the first cycle of middle school. The instruments applied to the population consisted in: (1) a survey of sociodemographic data and behavioral variables; (2) Rosenberg’s self-esteem test; and (3) EAT Test (Eating Attitudes Test 26). Results: Of a total of 656 students belonging to eight educational centers in Madrid who were offered to participate in the study, 88.6% (n = 579) answered the whole questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 13.7 years old. Of the participating adolescents, 57.3% were male and the remaining 42.7% (n = 260) were female. A significant relationship was observed between self-esteem and belonging to an ED risk group, with an OR = 0.910 (CI 95% 0.878−0.943). Hence, each one-point increase on the self-esteem dimension decreased the risk of belonging to an ED risk group by 9.5%. In the variables considered in the area of dysfunctional feeding patterns, the variables ‘number of meals’ (p < 0.01), ‘dieting’ (p < 0.01), and ‘drug consumption to lose weight’ (p < 0.01) were found to be related to the risk of belonging to the ED group. Conclusions: The results obtained in our research can help to establish explanatory models that include the understanding of the interaction of the different factors that influence the appearance and development of EDs. Therefore, these should be taken into consideration when developing ED preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mora
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sonia Fernandez-Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miriam P. Felix-Alcantara
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | | | - Alberto Rodriguez-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Psikids, 28002 Madrid, Spain;
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