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Abeywickrama HM, Uchiyama M, Sumiyoshi T, Okuda A, Koyama Y. The role of zinc on nutritional status, sarcopenia, and frailty in older adults: a scoping review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:988-1011. [PMID: 37550266 PMCID: PMC11163457 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) deficiency, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty are prevalent among older adults and are prominent factors contributing to disability and mortality. OBJECTIVE This scoping review was conducted to aid understanding of the extent and types of research addressing the role of Zn in nutritional status, sarcopenia, and frailty, among older individuals. METHOD A systematic search was performed in August 2022 of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest) using predefined search terms. The review was conducted referring to the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR. RESULTS The search retrieved 16 018 records, and a total of 49 studies were included in this review after the screening. Of those, 30 were based on dietary Zn intake, 18 on tissue Zn levels, and 1 on both. Most studies were based on cross-sectional data from community-dwelling older adults. Studies addressing the associations between Zn status and individual anthropometric and sarcopenia-related variables reported inconsistent results. However, most studies reported inverse associations between malnutrition, frailty, and Zn status. CONCLUSION There was more consistent evidence of the relationship of Zn status with malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty rather than with individual nutritional parameters. Validated screening and assessment tools and criteria and prospective studies are required to elucidate the relationship of Zn with sarcopenia and frailty in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mieko Uchiyama
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumiyoshi
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiko Okuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yu Koyama
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Öztürk ME, Yabanci Ayhan N. The relationship between the severity of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) in adults with IDDs and eating and drinking problems and nutritional status. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:325-339. [PMID: 38183317 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) experience eating, drinking and swallowing problems, such as chewing problems, choking, gagging, coughing during eating, aspiration and rumination syndrome, which may lead to poor nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IDD levels, eating, drinking and swallowing problems and nutritional status in adults with IDDs. METHODS The sample consisted of 71 participants (37 men and 34 women) with a mean age of 22.5 ± 7 years (range 18-60 years). Professionals classified intellectual disability as mild, moderate or severe. The Screening Tool of Feeding Problems scale was applied to the caregivers of adults with IDDs to identify eating, drinking and swallowing problems. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall and a food and nutrition photograph catalogue. The researchers measured body weight, height and middle upper arm circumference. Body mass index was calculated. Four body mass index categories were determined: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2 ), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2 ) and obese (≥30 kg/m2 ). Chi-squared tests were used to detect the relationship between IDD levels and eating and drinking problems, and analysis of variance tests were conducted to detect the relationship between IDD levels with anthropometric measurements and dietary intake. RESULTS Participants had mild (42.3%; n = 30), moderate (29.6%; n = 21) or severe IDD (28.2%; n = 20). They were underweight (12.7%; n = 9), normal weight (59.2%; n = 42) or overweight and/or obese (28.2%; n = 20). Participants with severe IDD had significantly higher Screening Tool of Feeding Problems 'nutrition-related behaviour' and 'eating and drinking skill deficit problem' sub-scale scores than those with mild IDD. However, the groups had no significant difference in 'food refusal and selectivity' sub-scale scores. Participants with severe IDD also had anorexia prevalence similar to those with mild IDD. The groups did not significantly differ in anthropometric measurements, daily energy intake and macronutrient and micronutrient intake. CONCLUSIONS While adults with severe IDD had more eating and drinking skill deficits (e.g. chewing problems and independent eating difficulties) and nutrition-related behaviour problems than those with mild IDD, the eating, drinking and swallowing problems, which may critically affect their food intake, were similar to adults with mild IDD. The anthropometric measurements and energy and nutrient intakes of adults with severe IDD were not significantly different from those with mild IDD consistently. Findings indicate that nutritional deficiencies and nutritional behaviour problems may be avoidable in adults with IDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Öztürk
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - N Yabanci Ayhan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Adhikaree J, Shrestha R, Bomjan P, Pokharel S, Shrestha A, Siwakoti A, Acharya R, Marzo RR, Acharya S, Pokhrel R, Rajbhandari PMS. Nontraditional Lipid Parameters as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Nepalese Women. J Midlife Health 2024; 15:81-90. [PMID: 39145261 PMCID: PMC11321523 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_179_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of nontraditional lipid parameters for assessing clinical conditions is emerging; however, no study has identified thresholds for those parameters for the identification of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The present study aimed to establish the thresholds of nontraditional lipid parameters and test its ability to identify CVD risk factors. Methodology A cross-sectional study in women (n = 369, age: 46 ± 13 years, body mass index (BMI): 26.31 ± 2.54 kg/m2) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TGs) were estimated. Subsequently, nontraditional lipid parameters were calculated, namely non-HDL-C, Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II), CRI-I, lipoprotein combined index (LCI), atherogenic index (AI), and AI of plasma (AIP). Results Based on TC (≥200 mg/dL), the derived thresholds for non-HDL-C, CRI-II, CRI-I, LCI, AI, and AIP were 139 mg/dL, 2.29, 3.689, 58,066, 2.687, and 0.487, respectively. Similarly, based on the threshold of TG (≥150 mg/dL), the derived thresholds for non-HDL-C, CRI-II, CRI-I, LCI, AI, and AIP were 127 mg/dL, 2.3, 3.959, 58,251, 2.959, and 0.467, respectively. Out of considered five risk factors, non-HDL-C, CRI-II, CRI-I, LCI, and AI thresholds were capable in identifying four risk factors (physical activity, blood pressure, BMI, and age) and AIP was able to associate with two risk factors at most (blood pressure and BMI). Conclusion The derived thresholds of nontraditional lipid parameters were capable of differentiating between CVD risk and nonrisk groups suggesting the possible use of these thresholds for studying CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Adhikaree
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Gandaki, Nepal
| | - Ruyusha Shrestha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Gandaki, Nepal
| | - Prabina Bomjan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Gandaki, Nepal
| | - Shreya Pokharel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Gandaki, Nepal
| | - Ashmita Shrestha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Gandaki, Nepal
| | - Anusha Siwakoti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Gandaki, Nepal
| | - Rashila Acharya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Gandaki, Nepal
| | - Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Swosti Acharya
- Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ritesh Pokhrel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Gandaki, Nepal
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van Dronkelaar C, Fultinga M, Hummel M, Kruizenga H, Weijs PJM, Tieland M. Minerals and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023:S1525-8610(23)00481-4. [PMID: 37355247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to reevaluate the role of minerals on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS In March 2022, a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences using predefined search terms. Original studies on dietary mineral intake or mineral serum blood concentrations on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance or the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults (average age ≥65 years) were included. METHODS Eligibility screening and data extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers. Quality assessment was performed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Exposure (ROBINS-E) tool. RESULTS From the 15,622 identified articles, a total of 45 studies were included in the review, mainly being cross-sectional and observational studies. Moderate quality of evidence showed that selenium (n = 8) and magnesium (n = 7) were significantly associated with muscle mass, strength, and physical performance as well as the prevalence of sarcopenia. For calcium and zinc, no association could be found. For potassium, iron, sodium, and phosphorus, the association with sarcopenic outcomes remains unclear as not enough studies could be included or were nonconclusive (low quality of evidence). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This systematic review shows a potential role for selenium and magnesium on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in older adults. More randomized controlled trials are warranted to determine the impact of minerals on sarcopenia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carliene van Dronkelaar
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging and Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maaike Fultinga
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mitchell Hummel
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hinke Kruizenga
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging and Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Michel JM, Lievense KK, Norton SC, Costa JV, Alphin KH, Bailey LA, Miller GD. The Effects of Graded Protein Intake in Conjunction with Progressive Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Outcomes in Older Adults: A Preliminary Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132739. [PMID: 35807922 PMCID: PMC9268432 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have evaluated the effects of resistance training (RT) and protein intake to attenuate the age-related loss of skeletal muscle. However, the effects of graded protein intake with conjunctive RT in older adults are unclear. Older adults (n = 18) performed 10 weeks of whole-body RT with progressions to intensity and volume while consuming either a constant protein (CP) diet (0.8−1.0 g/kg/d) with no protein supplement or a graded protein (GP) diet progressing from 0.8 g/kg/d at week 1 to 2.2 g/kg/d at week 10 with a whey protein supplement. Data were collected prior to commencement of the RT protocol (PRE), after week 5 (MID), and after week 10 (POST). Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry derived lean/soft tissue mass, ultrasonography derived muscle thickness, and a proxy of muscle quality were taken at PRE and POST, while isokinetic dynamometry derived peak torque were taken at PRE, MID, and POST. This study demonstrated the feasibility of the RT protocol (attendance = 96%), and protein intake protocol (CP in range all weeks; GP deviation from prescribed = 7%). Peak torque, muscle quality scores, and appendicular lean/soft tissue mass demonstrated the main effects of time (p < 0.05) while no other main effects of time or group * time interactions were seen for any measure. In conclusion, RT improved appendicular lean/soft tissue mass, peak torque, and muscle quality, with no differential effects of graded or constant protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Max Michel
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (J.M.M.); (K.K.L.); (S.C.N.); (J.V.C.); (K.H.A.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Kristy K. Lievense
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (J.M.M.); (K.K.L.); (S.C.N.); (J.V.C.); (K.H.A.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Sam C. Norton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (J.M.M.); (K.K.L.); (S.C.N.); (J.V.C.); (K.H.A.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Juliana V. Costa
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (J.M.M.); (K.K.L.); (S.C.N.); (J.V.C.); (K.H.A.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Kathryn H. Alphin
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (J.M.M.); (K.K.L.); (S.C.N.); (J.V.C.); (K.H.A.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Lydia A. Bailey
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (J.M.M.); (K.K.L.); (S.C.N.); (J.V.C.); (K.H.A.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Gary D. Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA; (J.M.M.); (K.K.L.); (S.C.N.); (J.V.C.); (K.H.A.); (L.A.B.)
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-758-1901
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Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214933. [PMID: 34768452 PMCID: PMC8584842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women with or without obesity; (2) identify gene variants associated with sarcopenia in older obese women. In 307 Caucasian women (71 ± 6 years, 66.3 ± 11.3 kg), skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectric impedance, and function was tested with a 30 s one-leg standing-balance test. Biceps brachii thickness and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (VLACSA) were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Handgrip strength, maximum voluntary contraction elbow flexion (MVCEF), and knee extension torque (MVCKE) were measured by dynamometry, and MVCKE/VLACSA was calculated. Genotyping was performed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on their previous associations with muscle-related phenotypes. Based on sarcopenia and obesity thresholds, groups were classified as sarcopenic obese, non-sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic non-obese, or non-sarcopenic non-obese. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to assess the main effects of sarcopenia and obesity on muscle-related phenotypes and binary logistic regression was performed for each SNP to investigate associations with sarcopenia in obesity. There were no significant obesity * sarcopenic status interactions for any of the investigated muscle-related phenotypic parameters. Neither sarcopenia nor obesity had a significant effect on biceps brachii thickness, but sarcopenia was associated with lower VLACSA (p = 0.003). Obesity was associated with lower MVCEF (p = 0.032), MVCKE (p = 0.047), and MVCKE/VLACSA (p = 0.012) with no significant effect of sarcopenia. Adjusted for age and height, three SNPs (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) were associated with sarcopenia in obese participants. Sarcopenia was associated with a smaller muscle size, while obesity resulted in a lower muscle quality irrespective of sarcopenia. Three gene variants (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) suspected to affect muscle function, homocysteine metabolism, or DNA methylation, respectively, were associated with sarcopenia in obese elderly women. Understanding the skeletal muscle features affected by sarcopenia and obesity, and identification of genes related to sarcopenia in obese women, may facilitate early detection of individuals at particular risk of sarcopenic obesity.
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