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Zhang H, Zhou Z. Association of gut microbiota and dietary component intake with COVID-19: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1308-1313. [PMID: 37385185 PMCID: PMC10286570 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has indicated that alterations in the gut microbiota and nutritional quality of dietary intake were associated with COVID-19. Whether these associations reflect causality is still unknown. METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using genetic variants as instrumental variables for gut microbiota, dietary component intake, and COVID-19. FINDINGS We found that the Ruminococcustorques group genus was significantly associated with COVID-19. The Ruminococcaceae UCG013 genus and Ruminococcus1 genus were suggestively associated with COVID-19. The Actinobacteria class, Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae genus, R. group, and Tyzzerella3 genus were potentially associated with severe COVID-19. COVID-19 was significantly associated with the Lachnospira genus, Oscillospira, and RuminococcaceaeUCG009 genus and potentially associated with the Victivallis genus. Severe COVID-19 was significantly associated with the Turicibacter and Olsenella genus and potentially associated with Ruminococcus1, CandidatusSoleaferrea, and Parasutterella genus. Moreover, processed meat intake was significantly associated with COVID-19. Beef intake was suggestively associated with COVID-19. Salt added to food intake, and fresh fruit intake was suggestively associated with severe COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence supporting a causal effect of gut microbiota and dietary intake on COVID-19. We also found the causal effect of COVID-19 on the alteration of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zengyuan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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2
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Chen P, Wu M, He Y, Jiang B, He ML. Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:237. [PMID: 37286535 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden to our society. Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only a small proportion of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disorders, severe COVID-19 is accompanied by high mortality rates with near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for severe COVID-19 are still lacking. It has been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate host metabolism to avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, or to initiate pathological response. Targeting the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism holds promise for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies dedicated to uncovering the role of host metabolism during the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aspects of entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis with an emphasis on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Microbiota and long COVID-19 are also discussed. Ultimately, we recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed for COVID-19 including statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaqing He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghua Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Proteomic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Mohammadi AH, Behjati M, Karami M, Abari AH, Sobhani-Nasab A, Rourani HA, Hazrati E, Mirghazanfari SM, Hadi V, Hadi S, Milajerdi A. An overview on role of nutrition on COVID-19 immunity: Accumulative review from available studies. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 47:6-43. [PMID: 36540357 PMCID: PMC9754583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious global threat to health and economy. A common predisposing factor for development to serious progressive disease is presence of a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure. Micronutrient deficiencies may also contribute to the development of this state. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the role of the nutrition to relieve progression of COVID-19. According PRISMA protocol, we conducted an online databases search including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and web of science for published literatures in the era of COVID-19 Outbreak regarding to the status of nutrition and COVID-19 until December 2021. There were available studies (80 studies) providing direct evidence regarding the associations between the status of nutrition and COVID-19 infection. Adequate nutritional supply is essential for resistance against other viral infections and also for improvement of immune function and reduction of inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutritional intervention which secures an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate its course. We also recommend initiation of adequate nutritional supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority for applying this nutritive adjuvant therapy that should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrouzossadat Hosseini Abari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Sobhani-Nasab
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Core Research Lab, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Amini Rourani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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4
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Hazan S. Microbiome-Based Hypothesis on Ivermectin's Mechanism in COVID-19: Ivermectin Feeds Bifidobacteria to Boost Immunity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952321. [PMID: 35898916 PMCID: PMC9309549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic agent that has gained attention as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic. It is a compound of the type Avermectin, which is a fermented by-product of Streptomyces avermitilis. Bifidobacterium is a member of the same phylum as Streptomyces spp., suggesting it may have a symbiotic relation with Streptomyces. Decreased Bifidobacterium levels are observed in COVID-19 susceptibility states, including old age, autoimmune disorder, and obesity. We hypothesize that Ivermectin, as a by-product of Streptomyces fermentation, is capable of feeding Bifidobacterium, thereby possibly preventing against COVID-19 susceptibilities. Moreover, Bifidobacterium may be capable of boosting natural immunity, offering more direct COVID-19 protection. These data concord with our study, as well as others, that show Ivermectin protects against COVID-19.
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5
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Milani D, Caruso L, Zauli E, Al Owaifeer AM, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Gemmati D, Tisato V. p53/NF-kB Balance in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From OMICs, Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Insights to Tailored Therapeutic Perspectives (COVIDomics). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871583. [PMID: 35721196 PMCID: PMC9201997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection affects different organs and tissues, including the upper and lower airways, the lung, the gut, the olfactory system and the eye, which may represent one of the gates to the central nervous system. Key transcriptional factors, such as p53 and NF-kB and their reciprocal balance, are altered upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as other key molecules such as the virus host cell entry mediator ACE2, member of the RAS-pathway. These changes are thought to play a central role in the impaired immune response, as well as in the massive cytokine release, the so-called cytokine storm that represents a hallmark of the most severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Host genetics susceptibility is an additional key side to consider in a complex disease as COVID-19 characterized by such a wide range of clinical phenotypes. In this review, we underline some molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates p53 and NF-kB expression and activity in order to maximize viral replication into the host cells. We also face the RAS-pathway unbalance triggered by virus-ACE2 interaction to discuss potential pharmacological and pharmacogenomics approaches aimed at restoring p53/NF-kB and ACE1/ACE2 balance to counteract the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adi Mohammed Al Owaifeer
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Centre Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donato Gemmati, ; Veronica Tisato,
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donato Gemmati, ; Veronica Tisato,
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6
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Xu L, Yang CS, Liu Y, Zhang X. Effective Regulation of Gut Microbiota With Probiotics and Prebiotics May Prevent or Alleviate COVID-19 Through the Gut-Lung Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895193. [PMID: 35548347 PMCID: PMC9081431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can disrupt the gut microbiota balance, and patients usually have intestinal disorders. The intestine is the largest immune organ of the human body, and gut microbes can affect the immune function of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. Many lines of evidence support the role of beneficial bacteria in enhancing human immunity, preventing pathogen colonization, and thereby reducing the incidence and severity of infection. In this article, we review the possible approach of modulating microbiota to help prevent and treat respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, and discuss the possibility of using probiotics and prebiotics for this purpose. We also discuss the mechanism by which intestinal micro-flora regulate immunity and the effects of probiotics on the intestinal micro-ecological balance. Based on this understanding, we propose the use of probiotics and prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota for the prevention or alleviation of COVID-19 through the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chung S. Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Chung S. Yang, ; Xin Zhang,
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Chung S. Yang, ; Xin Zhang,
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7
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The Concept of Intrauterine Programming and the Development of the Neonatal Microbiome in the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091702. [PMID: 35565670 PMCID: PMC9104449 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of intrauterine programming is related to the quality of the microbiome formed in the fetus and the newborn. The implementation of probiotics, prebiotics, and psychobiotics shows immunomodulatory potential towards the organism, especially the microbiome of the pregnant woman and her child. Nutrigenomics, based on the observation of pregnant women and the developing fetus, makes it possible to estimate the biological effects of active dietary components on gene expression or silencing. Nutritional intervention for pregnant women should consider the nutritional status of the patient, biological markers, and the potential impact of dietary intervention on fetal physiology. The use of a holistic model of nutrition allows for appropriately targeted and effective dietary prophylaxis that can impact the physical and mental health of both the mother and the newborn. This model targets the regulation of the immune response of the pregnant woman and the newborn, considering the clinical state of the microbiota and the pathomechanism of the nervous system. Current scientific reports indicate the protective properties of immunobiotics (probiotics) about the reduction of the frequency of infections and the severity of the course of COVID-19 disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intrauterine programming influences the development of the microbiome for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on a review of research studies.
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8
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Bousquet J, Haahtela T, Blain H, Czarlewski W, Zuberbier T, Bedbrook A, Cruz AA, Fonseca JA, Klimek L, Kuna P, Samolinski B, Valiulis A, Lemaire A, Anto JM. Available and affordable complementary treatments for COVID‐19: From hypothesis to pilot studies and the need for implementation. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12127. [PMID: 35344297 PMCID: PMC8967265 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bousquet
- Institute of Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- University Hospital Montpellier Montpellier France
- Allergology and Immunology Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Berlin Germany
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Hubert Blain
- Department of Geriatrics Montpellier University Hospital, MUSE Montpellier France
| | | | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Allergology and Immunology Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Berlin Germany
| | | | - Alvaro A. Cruz
- Fundaçao ProAR Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Joao A. Fonseca
- Department of Community Medicine Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS) Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Patient‐Centred Innovation and Technologies Group (PaCeIT) Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Medicina, EDucaçao, I&D e Avaliaçao Lda (MEDIDA) Porto Portugal
- Imunoalergologia CUF Porto Portugal
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Wiesbaden Germany
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Barlicki University Hospital Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Boleslaw Samolinski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences Medical Faculty of Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | | | - Josep M. Anto
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health Barcelona Spain
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