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Watts T, Courtier N, Fry S, Gale N, Gillen E, McCutchan G, Patil M, Rees T, Roche D, Wheelwright S, Hopkinson J. Access, acceptance and adherence to cancer prehabilitation: a mixed-methods systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-024-01605-3. [PMID: 38709465 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review is to better understand access to, acceptance of and adherence to cancer prehabilitation. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, ProQuest Medical Library, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and grey literature were systematically searched for quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies published in English between January 2017 and June 2023. Screening, data extraction and critical appraisal were conducted by two reviewers independently using Covidence™ systematic review software. Data were analysed and synthesised thematically to address the question 'What do we know about access, acceptance and adherence to cancer prehabilitation, particularly among socially deprived and minority ethnic groups?' The protocol is published on PROSPERO CRD42023403776 RESULTS: Searches identified 11,715 records, and 56 studies of variable methodological quality were included: 32 quantitative, 15 qualitative and nine mixed-methods. Analysis identified facilitators and barriers at individual and structural levels, and with interpersonal connections important for prehabilitation access, acceptance and adherence. No study reported analysis of facilitators and barriers to prehabilitation specific to people from ethnic minority communities. One study described health literacy as a barrier to access for people from socioeconomically deprived communities. CONCLUSIONS There is limited empirical research of barriers and facilitators to inform improvement in equity of access to cancer prehabilitation. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS To enhance the inclusivity of cancer prehabilitation, adjustments may be needed to accommodate individual characteristics and attention given to structural factors, such as staff training. Interpersonal connections are proposed as a fundamental ingredient for successful prehabilitation.
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Lovey J, Molnar A, Banky B. Long-term nutrition in patients candidate to neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:106850. [PMID: 36841694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
To improve outcomes, to decrease the rate of local recurrence and development of distant metastases neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies are employed in cancer patients in forms of radiation, chemo-, endocrine-, targeted-, and immunotherapy or their combination. Nutrition therapy plays important role in all phases of the cancer journey. From neoadjuvant therapy to prehabilitation, early postoperative nutrition, and long-term nutrition care during the adjuvant phase and survivorship determines the survival and quality of life of cancer patients. During the neoadjuvant phase patients may be in poor nutritional condition which can be aggravated by the applied oncological treatment. Beside this apparent threat this period also gives an excellent opportunity to maintain or even improve the nutritional status of the patients by nutrition therapy. After surgery the burdening effects of the operation may jeopardize the execution of adjuvant therapy. After early postoperative feeding a long-term nutrition strategy should be developed for cancer patients in order to avoid nutritional deterioration during the usually lengthy postoperative therapy. In this narrative review we discuss how preoperative nutritional status and medical nutrition therapy influence the results of surgery and after the operation what is the available evidence about nutritional status and outcome and the potentials to influence them by nutrition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Lovey
- National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Chair of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Molnar
- Scientific Committee, National Association of Hungarian Dietitians, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Banky
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Interrelationships between Dietary Outcomes, Readmission Rates and Length of Stay in Hospitalised Oncology Patients: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020400. [PMID: 36678271 PMCID: PMC9865609 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor food intake is an independent risk factor for malnutrition in oncology patients, and achieving adequate nutrition is essential for optimal clinical and health outcomes. This review investigated the interrelationships between dietary intakes, hospital readmissions and length of stay in hospitalised adult oncology patients. METHODOLOGY Three databases, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PubMed were searched for relevant publications from January 2000 to the end of August 2022. RESULTS Eleven studies investigating the effects of dietary intakes on length of stay (LOS) and hospital readmissions in cohorts of hospitalised patients that included oncology patients were identified. Heterogenous study design, nutritional interventions and study populations limited comparisons; however, a meta-analysis of two randomised controlled trials comparing dietary interventions in mixed patient cohorts including oncology patients showed no effect on LOS: mean difference -0.08 (95% confidence interval -0.64-0.49) days (p = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Despite research showing the benefits of nutritional intake during hospitalisation, evidence is emerging that the relationship between intakes, LOS and hospital readmissions may be confounded by nutritional status and cancer diagnosis.
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Nogueiro J, Santos-Sousa H, Pereira A, Devezas V, Fernandes C, Sousa F, Fonseca T, Barbosa E, Barbosa JA. The impact of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in gastric cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:2703-2714. [PMID: 35932298 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the assessment of patients' immune and nutritional status, prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been reported as a predictive marker for surgical outcomes in various types of cancer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of PNI in prognosis of gastric cancer patients submitted to curative-intent resectional surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis with 637 gastric cancer cases submitted to curative-intent surgery, between 2010 and 2017, in an upper GI surgery unit. We analyzed 396 patients that met the inclusion criteria for this study. The median follow-up was 37 (0-113) months. RESULTS According to Youden's method, the optimal PNI cutoff for OS was 41.625 (sensitivity 89.3% and specificity 41.3%). OS was significantly shorter in the lower-PNI group of patients when compared to the higher-PNI group (40.26 vs 77.49 months; p < 0.001). Higher PNI had a positive impact on OS in univariable analysis. When adjusted to pStage, higher PNI was still significantly associated with better OS (HR 0.405; CI 95% 0.253-0.649; p < 0.001). Regarding DFS, higher PNI was associated with better DFS (HR 0.421; CI 95% 0.218-0.815; p = 0.010). Higher-PNI group had a protective effect regarding postoperative morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, PNI was disclosed to significantly impact GC patients' OS and DFS, including in multivariable analysis when adjusting for classical prognostic features. PNI can be used to predict patients at increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. This index may be of use in identifying candidate patients who would benefit from perioperative nutritional support to improve surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Nogueiro
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Hugo Santos-Sousa
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Pereira
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Devezas
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Fernandes
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fabiana Sousa
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Telma Fonseca
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Barbosa
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Adelino Barbosa
- Department of General Surgery, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Caccialanza R, Laviano A, Bosetti C, Nardi M, Casalone V, Titta L, Mele R, De Pergola G, De Lorenzo F, Pedrazzoli P. Clinical and economic value of oral nutrition supplements in patients with cancer: a position paper from the Survivorship Care and Nutritional Support Working Group of Alliance Against Cancer. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:9667-9679. [PMID: 35792925 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a common clinical and public health problem that can frequently affect patients in hospital and community settings. In particular, cancer-related malnutrition results from a combination of metabolic dysregulation and anorexia, caused both by the tumor itself and by its treatment. Patients with head-neck cancer, or with gastroesophageal, pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancer, are particularly at risk of developing malnutrition, with a prevalence varying between 30 and 50% depending on tumor location and anti-cancer treatment complications. Prevention and adequate management of malnutrition is now considered an essential key point of therapeutic pathways of patients with cancer, with the aim to enhance their quality of life, reduce complications, and improve clinical outcomes. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are part of the nutritional therapy and represent an effective tool to address cancer-related malnutrition, as supported by growing literature data. However, patients' access to ONS - which is regulated by different national and regional policies in terms of reimbursement - is quite heterogeneous. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of ONS in terms of cost-effectiveness in the management of actively treated patients with cancer, following surgery and/or radiotherapy/chemotherapy treatment and to present the position on this issue of the Alliance Against Cancer, the Italian National Oncology Network, coming up from a focused virtual roundtable of the Survivorship Care and Nutritional Support Working Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Nardi
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Casalone
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucilla Titta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Mele
- Hospital Health Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Durán-Poveda M, Bonavina L, Reith B, Caruso R, Klek S, Senkal M. Nutrition practices with a focus on parenteral nutrition in the context of enhanced recovery programs: An exploratory survey of gastrointestinal surgeons. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:138-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Deftereos I, Hitch D, Butzkueven S, Carter V, Arslan J, Fetterplace K, Fox K, Ottaway A, Pierce K, Steer B, Varghese J, Kiss N, Yeung J. Implementation of a standardised perioperative nutrition care pathway in upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a multi-site pilot study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 36:479-492. [PMID: 35441757 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative nutrition support is recommended for patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer surgery; however, limited evidence exists regarding implementation of a nutrition care pathway in clinical practice. The aims of this pilot study were to determine if implementation of a standardised perioperative nutrition pathway for patients undergoing UGI cancer surgery improves access to dietetics care, and to evaluate study feasibility, fidelity, resource requirements and effect on clinical outcomes. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed UGI cancer from four major metropolitan hospitals in Melbourne, planned for curative intent surgery, were included in the prospective pilot study (n=35), with historical controls (n=35) as standard care. Outcomes were dietetics care (dietetics contacts) nutritional status; hand grip strength; weight change; preoperative hospital admissions; complications and length of stay; recruitment feasibility; fidelity and adherence; and, resource requirements. Continuous data were analysed using independent samples t-test accounting for unequal variances or Mann-Whitney U test. Dichotomous data were analysed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The percentage of participants receiving preoperative dietetic intervention increased from 55% to 100% (p<0.001). Mean and standard deviation (SD) dietetics contacts increased from 2.2 (3.7) to 5.9 (3.9) (p<0.001). Non-statistically significant decreases in preoperative nutrition-related hospital admissions, and surgical complications were demonstrated in patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy. Recruitment rate was 81%, and adherence to the nutrition pathway was high (>70% for all stages of the pathway). The mean estimated resource requirement for the preoperative period was 3.7 (2.8) hours per patient. CONCLUSION Implementation of this standardised nutrition pathway resulted in improved access to dietetics care. Recruitment feasibility and high fidelity to the intervention suggest that a larger study would be viable. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Deftereos
- Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Hitch
- Allied Health, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Occupational Therapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally Butzkueven
- Department of Cancer Services, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Carter
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janan Arslan
- Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Fetterplace
- Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aurora Ottaway
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Pierce
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belinda Steer
- Nutrition and Speech Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessie Varghese
- Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicole Kiss
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Allied Health Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justin Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Western Health Chronic Disease Alliance, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Deftereos I, Yeung JM, Arslan J, Carter VM, Isenring E, Kiss N. Health service nutrition practices and associations with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing resection for upper gastrointestinal cancer: results from the multi-centre NOURISH point prevalence study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 36:468-478. [PMID: 35320596 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate health service nutrition practices of sites providing care to patients undergoing surgery for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer within Australia, including the provision of perioperative nutrition support services and outpatient clinics, and the use of evidence-based nutrition care pathways/protocols. Secondary aims were to investigate associations between the use of a nutrition care pathway/protocol and patient outcomes. METHODS Principal investigator dietitians for the sites (n=27) participating in the NOURISH point prevalence study participated in a purpose-built site-specific survey regarding perioperative nutrition practices and protocols. Data from the 200 patients who participated in the study (including malnutrition prevalence, preoperative weight loss and receipt of dietetics intervention, intraoperative feeding tube insertions, provision of nutrition support day one post surgery, length of stay and complications) were investigated using multivariate analysis to determine associations with the sites' use of a nutrition care pathway/protocol. RESULTS The majority of sites (>92%) reported having dietetics services available in chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Eighty-five percent of sites reported having some form of outpatient clinic service; however, a routine service was only available at 26% of sites preoperatively and 37% postoperatively. Most preoperative services were embedded into surgical/oncology clinics (70%); however, this was reported for only 44% of postoperative clinics. Only 44% had a nutrition care pathway/protocol in place. The use of a nutrition care pathway/protocol was associated with lower rates of malnutrition, and higher rates of preoperative dietetics intervention, intraoperative feeding tube insertions and ESPEN guideline compliant care day one post surgery. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate varied perioperative outpatient nutrition services in this high-risk patient group. The use of nutrition care pathways and protocols was associated with improved patient outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Deftereos
- Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Justin Mc Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia.,Western Health Chronic Disease Alliance, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Janan Arslan
- Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Vanessa M Carter
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Isenring
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102
| | - Nicole Kiss
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.,Allied Health Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Deftereos I, Yeung JMC, Arslan J, Carter VM, Isenring E, Kiss N, Cardamis A, Dorey A, Ottaway A, Maguire B, Cleeve B, Davis C, Zoanetti C, Gray C, Choong C, Douglas C, Nixon C, Platt D, Quinn E, Simpson E, Hamdorf E, McNamara E, Whelan E, Jegendran G, Moore G, Lockwood G, McNamara J, Corrigan J, Haaksma K, Fox K, Furness K, Cochrane KW, Huynh K, Lee KC, Hames N, Hendricks N, Page N, Brooks N, Nevin L, Parfrey L, Putrus E, Pons R, Hoevenaars R, Singh S, McCoy S, Wallin S, Mexias S, Daniells S, Storr T, Robertson T, Brown T. Adherence to ESPEN guidelines and associations with postoperative outcomes in upper gastrointestinal cancer resection: results from the multi-centre NOURISH point prevalence study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:391-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pancreatic Cancer and Gut Microbiome-Related Aspects: A Comprehensive Review and Dietary Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124425. [PMID: 34959977 PMCID: PMC8709322 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the human body providing many beneficial effects on the host. However, its dysbiotic alterations may affect the tumorigenic pathway and then trigger the development of pancreatic cancer. This dysbiosis can also modulate the aggressiveness of the tumor, influencing the microenvironment. Because pancreatic cancer is still one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with surgery as the only method that influences prognosis and has curative potential, there is a need to search for other strategies which will enhance the efficiency of standard therapy and improve patients' quality of life. The administration of prebiotics, probiotics, next-generation probiotics (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila), synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation through multiple mechanisms affects the composition of the gut microbiota and may restore its balance. Despite limited data, some studies indicate that the aforementioned methods may allow to achieve better effect of pancreatic cancer treatment and improve therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer patients.
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