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Pashayee-Khamene F, Heidari Z, Asbaghi O, Ashtary-Larky D, Goudarzi K, Forbes SC, Candow DG, Bagheri R, Ghanavati M, Dutheil F. Creatine supplementation protocols with or without training interventions on body composition: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2380058. [PMID: 39042054 PMCID: PMC11268231 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2380058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the robust evidence demonstrating positive effects from creatine supplementation (primarily when associated with resistance training) on measures of body composition, there is a lack of a comprehensive evaluation regarding the influence of creatine protocol parameters (including dose and form) on body mass and estimates of fat-free and fat mass. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of creatine supplementation on body composition were included. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to July 2023. Heterogeneity tests were performed. Random effect models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were examined to determine the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS From 4831 initial records, a total of 143 studies met the inclusion criteria. Creatine supplementation increased body mass (WMD: 0.86 kg; 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.96, I2 = 0%) and fat-free mass (WMD: 0.82 kg; 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.06, I2 = 0%) while reducing body fat percentage (WMD: -0.28 %; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.09; I2 = 0%). Studies that incorporated a maintenance dose of creatine or performed resistance training in conjunction with supplementation had greater effects on body composition. CONCLUSION Creatine supplementation has a small effect on body mass and estimates of fat-free mass and body fat percentage. These findings were more robust when combined with resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Student research committee, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Brandon University, Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Darren G. Candow
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Reza Bagheri
- University of Isfahan, Department of Exercise Physiology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, (Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fred Dutheil
- University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Clermont–Ferrand, France
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2
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Wiedmaier-Barros J, Higueras-Fresnillo S, Sadarangani KP, Martínez-Gómez D. Associations of pattern-recognition-measured daily activities with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in old age: The IMPACT65+ study. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112511. [PMID: 38964430 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has shown beneficial effects for a good state of muscles in aging, but the specific activities of daily living that could be protective remains unclear. This study aimed to analyse the associations of different pattern-recognition-measured daily activities with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in a sample of older adults. METHODS 200 community-dwelling older adults wore the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity for two consecutive days. Twelve major daily activities recorded were merged in to three common intensity categories: sedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). For physical performance measurements included, hand grip dynamometer and chair-stand tests were used. Skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Associations of daily activities with the study variables were examined using linear regression models. RESULTS There were no significant associations between total time spent in SB, LPA, or MVPA and sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity showed a negative association with total time spent in MVPA [ß (95%CI): -0.29 (-0.41, -0.17)]. Walk at a brisk pace was significatively associated with lower limb physical performance, muscle mass and fat mass % [ß (95%CI): 1.15 (0.40, 1.91); 1.45 (0.68, 2.22) and -2.63 (-4.12, -1.14) respectively]. Other MVPA activities were also significatively associated with the same sarcopenic obesity components [ß (95%CI): 4.65 (0.55, 8.75); 8.59 (4.51, 12.67) and -13.98 (-21.96, -5.99) respectively]. CONCLUSION Time spent in daily activities of moderate-to-vigorous intensity is negatively associated with sarcopenic obesity but not with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wiedmaier-Barros
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Higueras-Fresnillo
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Dentistry, Universidad Diego Portales, Chile. Av. Manuel Rodríguez Sur 253, 8370057, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile. Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, 7500912, Providencia, R.M., Chile
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Crta. de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Liu D, Wang S, Liu S, Wang Q, Che X, Wu G. Frontiers in sarcopenia: Advancements in diagnostics, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101270. [PMID: 38583268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The onset of sarcopenia is intimately linked with aging, posing significant implications not only for individual patient quality of life but also for the broader societal healthcare framework. Early and accurate identification of sarcopenia and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanistic underpinnings and therapeutic targets paramount to addressing this condition effectively. This review endeavors to present a cohesive overview of recent advancements in sarcopenia research and diagnosis. We initially delve into the contemporary diagnostic criteria, specifically referencing the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 2 and Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 benchmarks. Additionally, we elucidate comprehensive assessment techniques for muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance, highlighting tools such as grip strength, chair stand test, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB), while also discussing their inherent advantages and limitations. Such diagnostic advancements pave the way for early identification and unequivocal diagnosis of sarcopenia. Proceeding further, we provide a deep-dive into sarcopenia's pathogenesis, offering a thorough examination of associated signaling pathways like the Myostatin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS), and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways. Each pathway's role in sarcopenia mediation is detailed, underscoring potential therapeutic target avenues. From a mechanistic perspective, the review also underscores the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia, emphasizing elements such as mitochondrial oxidative overload, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, and highlighting their therapeutic significance. At last, we capture recent strides made in sarcopenia treatment, ranging from nutritional and exercise interventions to potential pharmacological and supplementation strategies. In sum, this review meticulously synthesizes the latest scientific developments in sarcopenia, aiming to enhance diagnostic precision in clinical practice and provide comprehensive insights into refined mechanistic targets and innovative therapeutic interventions, ultimately contributing to optimized patient care and advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Shijin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Qifei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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Slankamenac J, Ranisavljev M, Todorovic N, Ostojic J, Stajer V, Ostojic SM. Creatine supplementation combined with breathing exercises reduces respiratory discomfort and improves creatine status in patients with long-COVID. J Postgrad Med 2024; 70:101-104. [PMID: 38099612 PMCID: PMC11160995 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_650_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Eight long-COVID patients with moderate fatigue that had lasted for ≥3 months were recruited. All patients were allocated in a double-blind parallel-group design to receive either 4 g of creatine per day plus breathing exercises (study group) or breathing exercises only (control group) for 3 months. Creatine induced a significant increase in tissue total creatine levels for all 14 locations evaluated in the present study ( P < 0.05), while its levels significantly dropped in the right frontal gray matter and left parietal mesial gray matter at follow-up in the control group ( P < 0.05). No change in time to exhaustion was demonstrated in the control group (P > 0.05), while the mean time to exhaustion was significantly improved for 54 s in the study group post-administration (P = 0.05). These preliminary findings suggest that creatine is as an effective adjuvant therapeutic to breathing exercises for tackling the clinical features in long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Slankamenac
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M Ranisavljev
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - N Todorovic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - J Ostojic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - V Stajer
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - SM Ostojic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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5
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Roberts MD, Moulding B, Forbes SC, Candow DG. Evidence-based nutritional approaches to enhance exercise adaptations. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:514-520. [PMID: 37650704 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this opinion paper is to provide current-day and evidence-based information regarding dietary supplements that support resistance training adaptations or acutely enhance strength-power or endurance performance. RECENT FINDINGS Several independent lines of evidence support that higher protein diets, which can be readily achieved through animal-based protein supplements, optimize muscle mass during periods of resistance training, and this likely facilitates strength increases. Creatine monohydrate supplementation and peri-exercise caffeine consumption also enhance strength and power through distinct mechanisms. Supplements that favorably affect aspects of endurance performance include peri-exercise caffeine, nitrate-containing supplements (e.g., beet root juice), and sodium bicarbonate consumption. Further, beta-alanine supplementation can enhance high-intensity endurance exercise efforts. SUMMARY Select dietary supplements can enhance strength and endurance outcomes, and take-home recommendations will be provided for athletes and practitioners aiming to adopt these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blake Moulding
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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CHILIBECK PHILIPD, CANDOW DARRENG, GORDON JULIANNEJ, DUFF WHITNEYRD, MASON RILEY, SHAW KEELY, TAYLOR-GJEVRE REGINA, NAIR BINDU, ZELLO GORDONA. A 2-yr Randomized Controlled Trial on Creatine Supplementation during Exercise for Postmenopausal Bone Health. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1750-1760. [PMID: 37144634 PMCID: PMC10487398 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to examine the effects of 2 yr of creatine monohydrate supplementation and exercise on bone health in postmenopausal women. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-seven postmenopausal women (mean age, 59 yr) were randomized to receive creatine (0.14 g·kg -1 ·d -1 ) or placebo during a resistance training (3 d·wk -1 ) and walking (6 d·wk -1 ) program for 2 yr. Our primary outcome was the femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), with lumbar spine BMD and proximal femur geometric properties as the secondary outcomes. RESULTS Compared with placebo, creatine supplementation had no effect on BMD of the femoral neck (creatine: 0.725 ± 0.110 to 0.712 ± 0.100 g·cm -2 ; placebo: 0.721 ± 0.102 to 0.706 ± 0.097 g·cm -2 ), total hip (creatine: 0.879 ± 0.118 to 0.872 ± 0.114 g·cm -2 ; placebo: 0.881 ± 0.111 to 0.873 ± 0.109 g·cm -2 ), or lumbar spine (creatine: 0.932 ± 0.133 to 0.925 ± 0.131 g·cm -2 ; placebo: 0.923 ± 0.145 to 0.915 ± 0.143 g·cm -2 ). Creatine significantly maintained section modulus (1.35 ± 0.29 to 1.34 ± 0.26 vs 1.34 ± 0.25 to 1.28 ± 0.23 cm 3 (placebo), P = 0.0011), predictive of bone bending strength, and buckling ratio (10.8 ± 2.6 to 11.1 ± 2.2 vs 11.0 ± 2.6 to 11.6 ± 2.7 (placebo), P = 0.011), predictive of reduced cortical bending under compressive loads, at the narrow part of the femoral neck. Creatine reduced walking time over 80 m (48.6 ± 5.6 to 47.1 ± 5.4 vs 48.3 ± 4.5 to 48.2 ± 4.9 s (placebo), P = 0.0008) but had no effect on muscular strength (i.e., one-repetition maximum) during bench press (32.1 ± 12.7 to 42.6 ± 14.1 vs 30.6 ± 10.9 to 41.4 ± 14 kg (placebo)) and hack squat (57.6 ± 21.6 to 84.4 ± 28.1 vs 56.6 ± 24.0 to 82.7 ± 25.0 kg (placebo)). In the subanalysis of valid completers, creatine increased lean tissue mass compared with placebo (40.8 ± 5.7 to 43.1 ± 5.9 vs 40.4 ± 5.3 to 42.0 ± 5.2 kg (placebo), P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Two years of creatine supplementation and exercise in postmenopausal women had no effect on BMD; yet, it improved some bone geometric properties at the proximal femur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DARREN G. CANDOW
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, CANADA
| | - JULIANNE J. GORDON
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CANADA
| | - WHITNEY R. D. DUFF
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CANADA
| | - RILEY MASON
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CANADA
| | - KEELY SHAW
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CANADA
| | | | - BINDU NAIR
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CANADA
| | - GORDON A. ZELLO
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CANADA
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7
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Liu S, Zhang L, Li S. Advances in nutritional supplementation for sarcopenia management. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1189522. [PMID: 37492597 PMCID: PMC10365293 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in muscular mass, strength, and function with advancing age. The risk of falls, fragility, hospitalization, and death is considerably increased in the senior population due to sarcopenia. Although there is no conclusive evidence for drug treatment, resistance training has been unanimously recognized as a first-line treatment for managing sarcopenia, and numerous studies have also pointed to the combination of nutritional supplementation and resistance training as a more effective intervention to improve quality of life for people with sarcopenia. People with both malnutrition and sarcopenia have a higher mortality rate, so identifying people at risk of malnutrition and intervening early is extremely important to avoid sarcopenia and its associated problems. This article provides important information for dietary interventions in sarcopenia by summarizing the discoveries and developments of nutritional supplements such as protein, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, inorganic nitrate, probiotics, minerals, collagen peptides, and polyphenols in the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Juesas A, Gargallo P, Gene-Morales J, Babiloni-López C, Saez-Berlanga A, Jiménez-Martínez P, Casaña J, Benitez-Martinez JC, Ramirez-Campillo R, Chulvi-Medrano I, Colado JC. Effects of Microfiltered Seawater Intake and Variable Resistance Training on Strength, Bone Health, Body Composition, and Quality of Life in Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4700. [PMID: 36981609 PMCID: PMC10048547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to explore the effects of a 32-week resistance training (RT) intervention with elastic bands with or without microfiltered seawater (SW) supplementation on isokinetic strength, bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and subjective quality of life in postmenopausal women. Ninety-three untrained women (age: 70.00 ± 6.26 years; body mass index: 22.05 ± 3.20 kg/m2; body fat: 37.77 ± 6.38%; 6.66 ± 1.01 s up-and-go test) voluntarily participated in this randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. Participants were allocated into four groups (RT+SW, RT+PLA, CON+SW, and CON+PLA). The RT intervention (twice weekly) consisted of different exercises for the whole body performed at submaximal intensities with elastic bands. Both control groups were not involved in any exercise program. A two-way mixed analysis of variance of repeated measures revealed significant improvements in almost all the variables in both intervention groups (p < 0.05). However, significant differences with controls were encountered in isokinetic strength, body fat percentage, and bodily pain. Although the group with SW supplementation obtained greater effect sizes, non-significant differences between both RT groups were observed. In conclusion, the determinant factor of the adaptations seems to be RT rather than SW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Juesas
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gargallo
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Gene-Morales
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Babiloni-López
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Saez-Berlanga
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- ICEN Institute, 28840 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep C. Benitez-Martinez
- Research Group in Physiotherapy Technology and Recovering (FTR), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Ivan Chulvi-Medrano
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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9
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Selective Attention and Inhibitory Processing in Older Adults: The Impact of Dietary Creatine. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-023-09524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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10
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Devries MC, Giangregorio L. Using the specificity and overload principles to prevent sarcopenia, falls and fractures with exercise. Bone 2023; 166:116573. [PMID: 36208722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the evidence on exercise for fall, fracture and sarcopenia prevention, including evidence that aligns with the specificity and progressive overload principles used in exercise physiology, implementation strategies and future research priorities. We also provide a brief discussion of the influence of protein intake and creatine supplementation as potential effect modifiers. We prioritized evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Resistance training can improve muscle mass, muscle strength and a variety of physical performance measures in older adults. Resistance training may also prevent bone loss or increase bone mass, although whether it needs to be done in combination with impact exercise to be effective is less clear, because many studies use multicomponent interventions. Exercise programs prevent falls, and subgroup and network meta-analyses suggest an emphasis on balance and functional training, or specifically, anticipatory control, dynamic stability, functional stability limits, reactive control and flexibility, to maximize efficacy. Resistance training for major muscle groups at a 6-12 repetitions maximum intensity, and challenging balance exercises should be performed at least twice weekly. Choose resistance training exercises aligned with patient goals or movements done during daily activities (task specificity), alongside balance exercises tailored to ability and aspects of balance that need improvement. Progress the volume, level of difficulty or other aspects to see continuous improvement (progressive overload). A critical future priority will be to address implementation barriers and facilitators to enhance uptake and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Devries
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - L Giangregorio
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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11
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Santos HO, Cerqueira HS, Tinsley GM. The Effects of Dietary Supplements, Nutraceutical Agents, and Physical Exercise on Myostatin Levels: Hope or Hype? Metabolites 2022; 12:1146. [PMID: 36422286 PMCID: PMC9695935 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Myostatin, a secreted growth factor belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, performs a role in hindering muscle growth by inhibiting protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and the associated activation of hypertrophy pathways (e.g., IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway). In addition to pharmacological agents, some supplements and nutraceutical agents have demonstrated modulatory effects on myostatin levels; however, the clinical magnitude must be appraised with skepticism before translating the mechanistic effects into muscle hypertrophy outcomes. Here, we review the effects of dietary supplements, nutraceutical agents, and physical exercise on myostatin levels, addressing the promise and pitfalls of relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to draw clinical conclusions. RCTs involving both clinical and sports populations were considered, along with wasting muscle disorders (e.g., sarcopenia) and resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy, irrespective of disease status. Animal models were considered only to expand the mechanisms of action, and observational data were consulted to elucidate potential cutoff values. Collectively, the effects of dietary supplements, nutraceutical agents, and physical exercise on myostatin mRNA expression in skeletal muscle and serum myostatin levels are not uniform, and there may be reductions, increases, or neutral effects. Large amounts of research using resistance protocols shows that supplements or functional foods do not clearly outperform placebo for modulating myostatin levels. Thus, despite some biological hope in using supplements or certain functional foods to decrease myostatin levels, caution must be exercised not to propagate the hope of the food supplement market, select health professionals, and laypeople.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O. Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | | | - Grant M. Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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12
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Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, Forbes SC, Fairman CM, Gualano B, Roschel H. Creatine supplementation for older adults: Focus on sarcopenia, osteoporosis, frailty and Cachexia. Bone 2022; 162:116467. [PMID: 35688360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to the age-related reduction in strength, muscle mass and functionality which increases the risk for falls, injuries and fractures. Sarcopenia is associated with other age-related conditions such as osteoporosis, frailty and cachexia. Identifying treatments to overcome sarcopenia and associated conditions is important from a global health perspective. There is evidence that creatine monohydrate supplementation, primarily when combined with resistance training, has favorable effects on indices of aging muscle and bone. These musculoskeletal benefits provide some rationale for creatine being a potential intervention for treating frailty and cachexia. The purposes of this narrative review are to update the collective body of research pertaining to the effects of creatine supplementation on indices of aging muscle and bone (including bone turnover markers) and present possible justification and rationale for its utilization in the treatment of frailty and cachexia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Ciaran M Fairman
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Candow DG, Forbes SC, Roberts MD, Roy BD, Antonio J, Smith-Ryan AE, Rawson ES, Gualano B, Roschel H. Creatine O'Clock: Does Timing of Ingestion Really Influence Muscle Mass and Performance? Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:893714. [PMID: 35669557 PMCID: PMC9163789 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.893714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that creatine supplementation augments the gains in muscle mass and performance during periods of resistance training. However, whether the timing of creatine ingestion influences these physical and physiological adaptations is unclear. Muscle contractions increase blood flow and possibly creatine transport kinetics which has led some to speculate that creatine in close proximity to resistance training sessions may lead to superior improvements in muscle mass and performance. Furthermore, creatine co-ingested with carbohydrates or a mixture of carbohydrates and protein that alter insulin enhance creatine uptake. The purpose of this narrative review is to (i) discuss the purported mechanisms and variables that possibly justify creatine timing strategies, (ii) to critically evaluate research examining the strategic ingestion of creatine during a resistance training program, and (iii) provide future research directions pertaining to creatine timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Scott C. Forbes
| | | | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, United States
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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