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Zhang Q, Ma L, Zhang X, Jia H, Tana, Guo Y, Zhang J, Wang J. Feeding live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) improved performance of mid-lactation dairy cows by altering ruminal bacterial communities and functions of serum antioxidation and immune responses. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:245. [PMID: 38849835 PMCID: PMC11157803 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, YE) in dairy cows is gaining traction in dairy production as a potential strategy to improve feed efficiency and milk yield. However, the effects of YE on dairy cow performance remain inconsistent across studies, leaving the underlying mechanisms unclear. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of YE supplementation on lactation performance, ruminal microbiota composition and fermentation patterns, as well as serum antioxidant capacity and immune functions in dairy cows. RESULTS Supplementation with YE (20 g/d/head) resulted in enhancements in dairy cow's dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.016), as well as increased yields of milk (P = 0.002) and its components, including solids (P = 0.003), fat (P = 0.014), protein (P = 0.002), and lactose (P = 0.001) yields. The addition of YE led to significant increases in the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P = 0.023), acetate (P = 0.005), propionate (P = 0.025), valerate (P = 0.003), and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (P < 0.001) in rumen fermentation parameters. The analysis of 16s rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that the administration of YE resulted in a rise in the relative abundances of three primary genera including Ruminococcus_2 (P = 0.010), Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P = 0.009), and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (P = 0.054) at the genus level. Furthermore, this increase was accompanied with an enriched pathway related to amino acid metabolism. Additionally, enhanced serum antioxidative (P < 0.05) and immune functionalities (P < 0.05) were also observed in the YE group. CONCLUSIONS In addition to improving milk performance, YE supplementation also induced changes in ruminal bacterial community composition and fermentation, while enhancing serum antioxidative and immunological responses during the mid-lactation stage. These findings suggest that YE may exert beneficial effects on both rumen and blood metabolism in mid-lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tana
- Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jize Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Sati P, Dhyani P, Sharma E, Attri DC, Jantwal A, Devi R, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Gut Microbiota Targeted Approach by Natural Products in Diabetes Management: An Overview. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:166-185. [PMID: 38498287 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review delves into the complex interplay between obesity-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), highlighting the potential of natural products in mitigating these effects. By integrating recent epidemiological data, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of how obesity exacerbates T2DM through gut flora alterations. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in research have underscored the significance of bioactive ingredients in natural foods, capable of restoring gut microbiota balance, thus offering a promising approach to manage diabetes in the context of obesity. These findings build upon the traditional use of medicinal plants in diabetes treatment, suggesting a deeper exploration of their mechanisms of action. This comprehensive manuscript underscores the critical role of targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis in obesity-related T2DM management and by bridging traditional knowledge with current scientific evidence; we highlighted the need for continued research into natural products as a complementary strategy for comprehensive diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sati
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam Chand Attri
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arvind Jantwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajni Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Liao C, Wang L, Quon G. Microbiome-based classification models for fresh produce safety and quality evaluation. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0344823. [PMID: 38445872 PMCID: PMC10986475 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03448-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Small sample sizes and loss of sequencing reads during the microbiome data preprocessing can limit the statistical power of differentiating fresh produce phenotypes and prevent the detection of important bacterial species associated with produce contamination or quality reduction. Here, we explored a machine learning-based k-mer hash analysis strategy to identify DNA signatures predictive of produce safety (PS) and produce quality (PQ) and compared it against the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) strategy that uses a typical denoising step and ASV-based taxonomy strategy. Random forest-based classifiers for PS and PQ using 7-mer hash data sets had significantly higher classification accuracy than those using the ASV data sets. We also demonstrated that the proposed combination of integrating multiple data sets and leveraging a 7-mer hash strategy leads to better classification performance for PS and PQ compared to the ASV method but presents lower PS classification accuracy compared to the feature-selected ASV-based taxonomy strategy. Due to the current limitation of generating taxonomy using the 7-mer hash strategy, the ASV-based taxonomy strategy with remarkably less computing time and memory usage is more efficient for PS and PQ classification and applicable for important taxa identification. Results generated from this study lay the foundation for future studies that wish and need to incorporate and/or compare different microbiome sequencing data sets for the application of machine learning in the area of microbial safety and quality of food. IMPORTANCE Identification of generalizable indicators for produce safety (PS) and produce quality (PQ) improves the detection of produce contamination and quality decline. However, effective sequencing read loss during microbiome data preprocessing and the limited sample size of individual studies restrain statistical power to identify important features contributing to differentiating PS and PQ phenotypes. We applied machine learning-based models using individual and integrated k-mer hash and amplicon sequence variant (ASV) data sets for PS and PQ classification and evaluated their classification performance and found that random forest (RF)-based models using integrated 7-mer hash data sets achieved significantly higher PS and PQ classification accuracy. Due to the limitation of taxonomic analysis for the 7-mer hash, we also developed RF-based models using feature-selected ASV-based taxonomic data sets, which performed better PS classification than those using the integrated 7-mer hash data set. The RF feature selection method identified 480 PS indicators and 263 PQ indicators with a positive contribution to the PS and PQ classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gerald Quon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Chen J, Qin X, Chen M, Chen T, Chen Z, He B. Biological activities, Molecular mechanisms, and Clinical application of Naringin in Metabolic syndrome. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107124. [PMID: 38428704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has become major health problems in recent decades, and natural compounds receive considerable attention in the management of metabolic syndrome. Among them, naringin is abundant in citrus fruits and tomatoes. Many studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of naringin in metabolic syndrome. This review discusses in vitro and in vivo studies on naringin and implications for clinical trials on metabolic syndrome such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension over the past decades, overviews the molecular mechanisms by which naringin targets metabolic syndrome, and analyzes possible correlations between the different mechanisms. This review provides a theoretical basis for the further application of naringin in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Tianzhu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Beihui He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Peng Y, Qu R, Xu S, Bi H, Guo D. Regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potentials of naringin against inflammatory disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24619. [PMID: 38317884 PMCID: PMC10839891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Naringin is a natural flavonoid with therapeutic properties found in citrus fruits and an active natural product from herbal plants. Naringin has become a focus of attention in recent years because of its ability to actively participate in the body's immune response and maintain the integrity of the immune barrier. This review aims to elucidate the mechanism of action and therapeutic efficacy of naringin in various inflammatory diseases and to provide a valuable reference for further research in this field. The review provided the chemical structure, bioavailability, pharmacological properties, and pharmacokinetics of naringin and found that naringin has good therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative stress, anti-ulcerative and detoxifying effects in the disease. Moreover, we found that the great advantage of naringin treatment is that it is safe and can even alleviate the toxic side effects associated with some of the other drugs, which may become a highlight of naringin research. Naringin, an active natural product, plays a significant role in systemic diseases' anti-inflammatory and antioxidant regulation through various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Ruyi Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
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Minnebo Y, Delbaere K, Goethals V, Raes J, Van de Wiele T, De Paepe K. Gut microbiota response to in vitro transit time variation is mediated by microbial growth rates, nutrient use efficiency and adaptation to in vivo transit time. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:240. [PMID: 37926855 PMCID: PMC10626715 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transit time is an important modulator of the human gut microbiome. The inability to modify transit time as the sole variable hampers mechanistic in vivo microbiome research. We singled out gut transit time in an unprecedented in vitro approach by subjecting faecal microbial communities from six individuals with either short, medium or long in vivo transit times, to three different colonic transit times of 21, 32 and 63 h in the validated human gut in vitro model, SHIME. RESULTS Transit time was identified as the single most important driver of microbial cell concentrations (52%), metabolic activity (45%) and quantitative (24%) and proportional (22%) community composition. Deceleration of transit was characterised by a significant decrease of specific Bifidobacterium and Veillonella spp. and increase of specific fibre degrading bacteria and nutrient specialists, such as Bacteroides, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Bilophila and Akkermansia spp. These microbial communities reached a higher population density and net carbohydrate fermentation, leading to an increased SCFA production at longer transit times. In contrast, the carbohydrate-to-biomass production efficiency was increased at shorter transits, particularly in well-adapted faecal microbiomes from donors with short in vivo transit. Said adaptation was also reflected in the carbohydrate-to-SCFA conversion efficiency which varied with donor, but also colon region and SCFA chain length. A long transit time promoted propionate production, whereas butyrate production and butyrate producers were selectively enriched in the proximal colon at medium transit time. CONCLUSION Microbial growth rates and nutrient utilisation efficiency mediate the species-specific gut microbiota response to in vitro transit time variation, which is the main driver of in vitro microbial load, metabolism and community composition. Given the in vivo transit time variation within and between individuals, the personalisation of in vitro transit time based on in vivo data is required to accurately study intra- and inter-individual differences in gut microbiome structure, functionality and interactions with host and environmental modulators. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Minnebo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen Delbaere
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valerie Goethals
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Wang K, Hu S. The synergistic effects of polyphenols and intestinal microbiota on osteoporosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285621. [PMID: 37936705 PMCID: PMC10626506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease in middle-aged and elderly people. It is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, compromised bone microstructure, heightened bone fragility, and an increased susceptibility to fractures. The dynamic imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast populations is a decisive factor in the occurrence of osteoporosis. With the increase in the elderly population in society, the incidence of osteoporosis, disability, and mortality have gradually increased. Polyphenols are a fascinating class of compounds that are found in both food and medicine and exhibit a variety of biological activities with significant health benefits. As a component of food, polyphenols not only provide color, flavor, and aroma but also act as potent antioxidants, protecting our cells from oxidative stress and reducing the risk of chronic disease. Moreover, these natural compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, which aid in immune response regulation and potentially alleviate symptoms of diverse ailments. The gut microbiota can degrade polyphenols into more absorbable metabolites, thereby increasing their bioavailability. Polyphenols can also shape the gut microbiota and increase its abundance. Therefore, studying the synergistic effect between gut microbiota and polyphenols may help in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. By delving into how gut microbiota can enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols and how polyphenols can shape the gut microbiota and increase its abundance, this review offers valuable information and references for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Wang
- The Orthopaedic Center, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
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Belloumi D, Calvet S, Roca MI, Ferrer P, Jiménez-Belenguer A, Cambra-López M, García-Rebollar P, Climent E, Martínez-Blanch J, Tortajada M, Chenoll E, Bermejo A, Cerisuelo A. Effect of providing citrus pulp-integrated diet on fecal microbiota and serum and fecal metabolome shifts in crossbred pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17596. [PMID: 37845279 PMCID: PMC10579234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the impact of dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) on growth performance, fecal characteristics, fecal bacterial composition (based on 16S rRNA analysis), and fecal and serum metabolomic profiles in crossbred pigs. 80 finishing pigs Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) were fed either a control diet (C) or a diet with 240 g/kg DCP (T) for six weeks. Including DCP in diets tended to decrease feed intake, increased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of acetic and heptanoic acids and decreased (p < 0.05) fecal butyric and branched-chain fatty acid concentrations in feces. Animals fed DCP exhibited a lower abundance of the genera Clostridium and Romboutsia, while Lachnospira significantly increased. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis plotted a clear separation of fecal and serum metabolites between groups. The main discriminant fecal metabolites were associated with bacterial protein fermentation and were downregulated in T-fed pigs. In serum, DCP supplementation upregulated metabolites related to protein and fatty acids metabolism. In conclusion, the addition of DCP as an environmentally friendly source of nutrients in pig diets, resulted in modifications of fecal bacterial composition, fermentation patterns, and overall pig metabolism, suggesting improvements in protein metabolism and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhekra Belloumi
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400, Segorbe, Spain
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Calvet
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Isabel Roca
- Unidad Analítica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400, Segorbe, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez-Belenguer
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma García-Rebollar
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Almudena Bermejo
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Alba Cerisuelo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400, Segorbe, Spain.
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Li P, Chen J, Guo CE, Li W, Gao Z. Lactobacillus co-fermentation of Cerasus humilis juice alters chemical properties, enhances antioxidant activity, and improves gut microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:8248-8260. [PMID: 37655677 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation with Lactobacillus has been shown to improve the nutritional value of juice. In this study, Cerasus humilis juice was fermented using two commercial probiotics, namely, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum. The total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), viable count, chemical properties, antioxidant activity after in vitro digestion, and alterations in the gut microbiota composition of the fermented juice were investigated. After fermentation, the TAOC increased from 107.66 U mL-1 to 126.72 U mL-1; viable count increased from 5.85 lg (CFU mL-1) to 8.17 lg (CFU mL-1); and the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, proanthocyanins, four organic acids, and 29 amino acids had changed. Overall, 47 compounds were identified in the juice, 20 of which were enriched after fermentation. Furthermore, Lactobacillus co-fermentation improved the antioxidant properties of the juice after in vitro digestion and increased the abundance of probiotics to regulate the gut microbiota. These findings illustrate the potential use of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum in the co-fermentation of C. humilis juice to enhance its nutritional and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaji Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-E Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Zhiliang Dute Jingluo Tcm Pte.Ltd., Block509 Bedok North Street 3 460509, Singapore
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Maurer Sost M, Stevens Y, Salden B, Troost F, Masclee A, Venema K. Citrus Extract High in Flavonoids Beneficially Alters Intestinal Metabolic Responses in Subjects with Features of Metabolic Syndrome. Foods 2023; 12:3413. [PMID: 37761122 PMCID: PMC10529306 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a citrus extract rich in citrus flavonoids on intestinal metabolic responses in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome, in an in vitro colon fermentation system (TIM-2) and fecal samples obtained from human subjects in an in vivo trial. In the TIM-2 system inoculated with fecal samples of volunteers with features of metabolic syndrome, continuous citrus extract supplementation (500 mg/day) resulted in increased cumulative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels compared to the control condition, which was mainly due to increased production of butyrate, acetate, and valerate. In human volunteers, 12 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg citrus extract resulted in a significant shift in the SCFA profile towards more butyrate (p = 0.022) compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, there was a trend towards a reduction in fecal calprotectin levels, a marker for intestinal inflammation, compared to the placebo (p = 0.058). Together, these results suggest that citrus extract intake may have a positive effect on intestinal metabolic responses and through this, on host health in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to provide more insight into the potential underlying mechanisms and to study effects on clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Maurer Sost
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University-Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands;
| | - Yala Stevens
- BioActor BV, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke Salden
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Freddy Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University-Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands;
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Jacky D, Bibi C, Meng LMC, Jason F, Gwendoline T, Jeremy L, Wie CC. Effects of OsomeFood Clean Label plant-based meals on the gut microbiome. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:88. [PMID: 36997838 PMCID: PMC10061721 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets offer more beneficial microbes and can modulate gut microbiomes to improve human health. We evaluated the effects of the plant-based OsomeFood Clean Label meal range ('AWE' diet), on the human gut microbiome. METHODS Over 21 days, ten healthy participants consumed OsomeFood meals for five consecutive weekday lunches and dinners and resumed their regular diets for other days/meals. On follow-up days, participants completed questionnaires to record satiety, energy and health, and provided stool samples. To document microbiome variations and identify associations, species and functional pathway annotations were analyzed by shotgun sequencing. Shannon diversity and regular diet calorie intake subsets were also assessed. RESULTS Overweight participants gained more species and functional pathway diversity than normal BMI participants. Nineteen disease-associated species were suppressed in moderate-responders without gaining diversity, and in strong-responders with diversity gains along with health-associated species. All participants reported improved short-chain fatty acids production, insulin and γ-aminobutyric acid signaling. Moreover, fullness correlated positively with Bacteroides eggerthii; energetic status with B. uniformis, B. longum, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, and Eubacterium eligens; healthy status with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella CAG 5226, Roseburia hominis, and Roseburia sp. CAG 182; and overall response with E. eligens and Corprococcus eutactus. Fiber consumption was negatively associated with pathogenic species. CONCLUSION Although the AWE diet was consumed for only five days a week, all participants, especially overweight ones, experienced improved fullness, health status, energy and overall responses. The AWE diet benefits all individuals, especially those of higher BMI or low-fiber consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwiyanto Jacky
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chong Chun Wie
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Diet Polyphenols and Their Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043813. [PMID: 36835225 PMCID: PMC9961503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that diet-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds with several potentially beneficial effects on human health. In general, polyphenols have several chemical structures, and the most representative are flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes. It should be noted that the beneficial effects of polyphenols are closely related to their bioavailability and bioaccessibility, as many of them are rapidly metabolized after administration. Polyphenols-with a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract-promote the maintenance of the eubiosis of the intestinal microbiota with protective effects against gastric and colon cancers. Thus, the benefits obtained from dietary supplementation of polyphenols would seem to be mediated by the gut microbiota. Taken at certain concentrations, polyphenols have been shown to positively modulate the bacterial component, increasing Lactiplantibacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. involved in the protection of the intestinal barrier and decreasing Clostridium and Fusobacterium, which are negatively associated with human well-being. Based on the diet-microbiota-health axis, this review aims to describe the latest knowledge on the action of dietary polyphenols on human health through the activity of the gut microbiota and discusses micro-encapsulation of polyphenols as a strategy to improve the microbiota.
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Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Kumar Gangwar S, Nair Devanarayanan T, Hegde M, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakara A. Interplay of dietary antioxidants and gut microbiome in human health: What has been learnt thus far? J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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14
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Duque-Soto C, Quintriqueo-Cid A, Rueda-Robles A, Robert P, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J. Evaluation of Different Advanced Approaches to Simulation of Dynamic In Vitro Digestion of Polyphenols from Different Food Matrices-A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:101. [PMID: 36670962 PMCID: PMC9854833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have become interesting bioactive antioxidant compounds with implications for obesity, cancer and inflammatory gastrointestinal pathologies. As the influence of digestion and gut microbiota on antioxidant behavior is yet to be completely elucidated, and due to limitations associated to in vivo studies, dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models have been promoted. A systematic review was conducted of different databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) following PRISMA guidelines to assess different dynamic digestion models and assay protocols used for phenolic compound research regarding bioaccesibility and interaction with colonic microbiota. Of 284 records identified, those including dynamic multicompartmental digestion models for the study of phenolic compound bioaccesibility, bioactivity and the effects of microbiota were included, with 57 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Different conditions and experimental configurations as well as administered doses, sample treatments and microbiological assays of dynamic digestion studies on polyphenols were recorded and compared to establish their relevance for the dynamic in vitro digestion of phenolic compounds. While similarities were observed in certain experimental areas, a high variability was found in others, such as administered doses. A description of considerations on the study of the digestion of phenolic compounds is proposed to enhance comparability in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Duque-Soto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandra Quintriqueo-Cid
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Paz Robert
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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15
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Chen L, Pu Y, Xu Y, He X, Cao J, Ma Y, Jiang W. Anti-diabetic and anti-obesity: Efficacy evaluation and exploitation of polyphenols in fruits and vegetables. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gościniak A, Eder P, Walkowiak J, Cielecka-Piontek J. Artificial Gastrointestinal Models for Nutraceuticals Research—Achievements and Challenges: A Practical Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132560. [PMID: 35807741 PMCID: PMC9268564 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imitating the human digestive system as closely as possible is the goal of modern science. The main reason is to find an alternative to expensive, risky and time-consuming clinical trials. Of particular interest are models that simulate the gut microbiome. This paper aims to characterize the human gut microbiome, highlight the importance of its contribution to disease, and present in vitro models that allow studying the microbiome outside the human body but under near-natural conditions. A review of studies using models SHIME, SIMGI, TIM-2, ECSIM, EnteroMix, and PolyfermS will provide an overview of the options available and the choice of a model that suits the researcher’s expectations with advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gościniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Wang X, Qi Y, Zheng H. Dietary Polyphenol, Gut Microbiota, and Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061212. [PMID: 35740109 PMCID: PMC9220293 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, have attracted tremendous attention due to their health-promoting effects, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and neuro-protective activities, as well as health properties. However, due to their complicated structures and high molecular weights, a large proportion of dietary polyphenols remain unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, while in the large intestine they are biotransformed into bioactive, low-molecular-weight phenolic metabolites through the residing gut microbiota. Dietary polyphenols can modulate the composition of intestinal microbes, and in turn, gut microbes catabolize polyphenols to release bioactive metabolites. To better investigate the health benefits of dietary polyphenols, this review provides a summary of their modulation through in vitro and in vivo evidence (animal models and humans), as well as their possible actions through intestinal barrier function and gut microbes. This review aims to provide a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and host health.
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18
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Sun P, Zhang C, Huang Y, Yang J, Zhou F, Zeng J, Lin Y. Jiangu granule ameliorated OVX rats bone loss by modulating gut microbiota-SCFAs-Treg/Th17 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112975. [PMID: 35453007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common disease that has decreased bone strength as its main symptom after menopause. Effective treatment for PMOP remains lacking, but traditional Chinese medicine has some advantages in delaying bone loss. Jiangu granule is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription commonly used to treat PMOP. Previous studies have demonstrated its efficacy, but the mechanism of action remains uncharacterized. PURPOSE This study aims to observe and discuss the mechanism of Jiangu granule to ameliorate bone loss in OVX rats by regulating the gut microbiota (GM)-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)- Treg/Th17 axis. METHODS Female SD rats were divided into the sham operation (S), Jiangu granule (J), and model group (M). Bilateral ovaries were surgically removed from the rats in the J and M groups. After 6 and 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed, and femur, tibia, vertebrae, serum, spleen, colon, and feces samples were collected. We detected the strength of bones, gut microbiota structure, and SCFAs in feces, the Treg and Th17 cell levels in the spleen, and cytokine levels in the serum. RESULT Jiangu granule restored the abundance of gut microbiota, increased the content of SCFAs, reduced the permeability of colon epithelium, increased the proportion of Treg cells in the spleen, changed the osteoimmunomodulation-related cytokines, effectively prevented bone loss, and enhanced bone strength. CONCLUSION Jiangu granule can effectively improve bone loss in OVX rats, possibly by regulating the "GM-SCFAs-Treg/Th17″ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Sun
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Longhua Hospital, Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chutian Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yunmei Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Fen Zhou
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jianwei Zeng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Li P, Yao X, Zhou Q, Meng X, Zhou T, Gu Q. Citrus Peel Flavonoid Extracts: Health-Beneficial Bioactivities and Regulation of Intestinal Microecology in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888745. [PMID: 35685878 PMCID: PMC9171401 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus peel and its extracts are rich in flavonoids, which are beneficial to human health. In this study, the extraction, component analysis, biological activity and intestinal microbiota regulation of citrus peel flavonoid extracts (CPFEs) were investigated. CPFEs from 14 Chinese cultivars were purified by ultrasound-assisted extraction and XAD-16 macroporous resin. The total flavonoid content of lemon was greatest at 103.48 ± 0.68 mg/g dry weight (DW) by NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH spectrophotometry. Using high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection, the highest concentrations of naringin, hesperidin and eriocitrin were found in grapefruit (52.03 ± 0.51 mg/g DW), chachiensis (43.02 ± 0.37 mg/g DW) and lemon (27.72 ± 0.47 mg/g DW), respectively. Nobiletin was the most polymethoxylflavone in chachiensis at 16.91 ± 0.14 mg/g DW. CPFEs from chachiensis and grapefruit had better antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory and sodium glycocholate binding ability. In addition, chachiensis and grapefruit CPFEs had positive effects on intestinal microecology, as evidenced by a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., and production of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid, by a simulated human intestinal model. Collectively, our results highlight the biological function of CPFEs as prebiotic agents, indicating their potential use in food and biomedical applications.
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