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Minoretti P, Fortuna G, D'Acquino D, Lavdas K. Comparative Analysis of Taste Perception Among Airline Pilots, Construction Workers, and Office Employees. Cureus 2024; 16:e69361. [PMID: 39398755 PMCID: PMC11471285 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Occupational exposures may influence gustatory sensations through mechanisms such as fatigue, acute or chronic stress, circadian rhythm disruptions, and exposure to various chemicals. In this cross-sectional study, we sought to compare taste perception across three professional groups, namely airline pilots, construction workers, and office employees, by assessing taste identification times for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter flavors, alongside salivary pH levels. Methods The study cohort consisted of 90 healthy male participants, with 30 individuals in each occupational group, matched for age and professional experience. Salivary pH was measured using pH meter paper, whereas taste identification times were assessed using aqueous solutions applied to dissolvable strips for each taste. Results There were no significant differences in salivary pH among the study groups. However, airline pilots exhibited a significantly longer identification time for sweet taste (9.8 ± 3.9 seconds) compared to construction workers (7.0 ± 3.1 seconds, P < 0.05) and office employees (7.1 ± 3.3 seconds, P < 0.05). Conversely, construction workers demonstrated a significantly prolonged identification time for sour taste (6.1 ± 2.9 seconds) compared to pilots (4.2 ± 2.6 seconds, P < 0.05) and office employees (4.6 ± 2.5 seconds, P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the identification times for salty and bitter tastes across the groups. Conclusion We found significant differences in taste perception among airline pilots, construction workers, and office employees, particularly concerning sweet and sour tastes. These findings suggest that occupational factors may influence gustatory function in a complex manner. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential implications for dietary habits and health within specific occupational groups.
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Ren W, Li W, Cha X, Wang S, Cai B, Wang T, Li F, Li T, Xie Y, Xu Z, Wang Z, Liu H, Yu Y. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of taste papilla aging. Aging Cell 2024:e14308. [PMID: 39169434 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Taste perception is one of the important senses in mammals. Taste dysfunction causes significant inconvenience in daily life, leading to subhealth and even life-threatening condition. Aging is a major cause to taste dysfunction, while the underlying feature related to gustatory aging is still not known. Using single-cell RNA Sequencing, differentially expressed genes between aged and young taste papillae are identified, including upregulated mt-Nd4l and Xist, as well as downregulated Hsp90ab1 and Tmem59. In the Tmem59-/- circumvallate papillae (CVP), taste mature cell generation is impaired by reduction in the numbers of PLCβ2+ and Car4+ cells, as well as decreases in expression levels of taste transduction genes. Tmem59-/- mice showed deficits in sensitivities to tastants. Through screening by GenAge and DisGeNET databases, aging-dependent genes and oral disease-associated genes are identified in taste papillae. In the CVP, aging promotes intercellular communication reciprocally between (cycling) basal cell and mature taste cell by upregulated Crlf1/Lifr and Adam15/Itga5 signaling. By transcriptional network analysis, ribosome proteins, Anxa1, Prdx5, and Hmgb1/2 are identified as transcriptional hubs in the aged taste papillae. Chronological aging-associated transcriptional changes throughout taste cell maturation are revealed. Aged taste papillae contain more Muc5b+ cells that are not localized in gustatory gland. Collectively, this study shows molecular and cellular features associated with taste papilla aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Weihao Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Olfactory Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Cha
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Boyu Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Zengyi Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhai Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Yu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Olfactory Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sanna F, Castelli MP, Mostallino R, Loy F, Masala C. Correlations between Gustatory, Olfactory, Cognitive Function, and Age in Healthy Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:1731. [PMID: 38892664 PMCID: PMC11175123 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive physiological degeneration associated with a decline in chemosensory processes and cognitive abilities and a reduction in synaptic plasticity. The biological bases of ageing are still not completely understood, and many theories have been proposed. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of age-related changes affecting the chemosensory function (gustatory and olfactory) and general cognitive abilities and their potential associations in women. To this aim, 319 women (the age ranging from 18 to 92 years) were recruited and divided into four different age groups: 18-34 years, 35-49 years, 50-64 years, and ≥65 years. Our results confirmed that in women, gustatory, olfactory, and cognitive functions decline, though in a different manner during aging. Olfactory and cognitive function showed a slight decline along the first three age classes, with a dramatic decrease after age 65 years, while gustatory function decreased more gradually. Olfactory and gustatory deficits may have a high degree of predictivity for general cognitive function as well as for specific cognitive subdomains such as visuospatial/executive abilities, language, memory, and attention. Our study highlighted the importance of using chemosensory assessments for the early diagnosis of cognitive decline and for the development of appropriate personalized risk prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8 Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.P.C.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (C.M.)
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Schertel Cassiano L, Leite FRM, Alves-Costa S, Costa SA, Nascimento GG. Oral conditions are associated with salt taste disability among American adults. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38566452 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between oral conditions and their interaction with salt taste disability among American adults. METHODS Data from the 2013-2014 NHANES cycle were used (n = 2373). The exposures were periodontitis, defined by the 2017 EFP-AAP classification, dental caries, missing teeth, and edentulism, as per the DMF-T index, and xerostomia. The outcome was salt taste disability, objectively assessed. Covariates included sex, age, educational level, poverty index, obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, and medications related to mouth dryness. Weighted multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between oral conditions and their interaction and salt taste disability. RESULTS Participants who reported xerostomia were more likely to have salt taste disability (OR 2.42; 95%CI 1.44-4.07), especially those older than 60 years (OR 3.63; 95%CI 1.72-7.63). Among participants aged 40-59, xerostomia increased the chance of salt taste disability; however, the confidence interval included the null value. The interactions between xerostomia and edentulism increased the chance of salt taste disability. CONCLUSION Oral conditions seem to influence the ability to taste salt. Dental professionals may help identify individuals with taste alterations and raise their awareness of the risk of systemic diseases that require the reduction of salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio R M Leite
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Silas Alves-Costa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Dagli N, Haque M, Kumar S. A Bibliometric Analysis of Literature on the Impact of Diet on Oral Health. Cureus 2024; 16:e59418. [PMID: 38694642 PMCID: PMC11061539 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex connection between oral health and dietary habits is fundamental to holistic well-being. Oral health is closely linked to dietary choices, both as a reflection and a factor in overall health. This bibliometric analysis investigates clinical trials published in the PubMed database spanning six decades to understand the landscape of research on the impact of diet on oral health. The analysis reveals a fluctuating yet generally increasing trend over the decades, with significant growth periods interspersed with occasional declines, culminating in a recent slight decrease in research output. With strong collaborative networks, Devizio and Proskin emerge as primary contributors. The University of Sydney has published the maximum number of clinical trials. Thematic clusters highlight diverse research facets, including physiological measurements, socio-economic influences, and biochemical aspects. The evolution in research priorities from experimental studies to longitudinal evaluations underscores the interdisciplinary nature of the field. The analysis of country-wise research output revealed that the United States, Germany, and Australia lead in scientific research output, with notable contributions to the global landscape. While larger countries like China and India are represented, their frequencies are relatively lower, suggesting potential areas for further exploration. Collaboration patterns vary between countries, influencing the global impact of their scientific output. Despite the limitations inherent in database selection, this study integrates bibliometric and thematic analyses to offer comprehensive insights into research trends and priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dagli
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Karnavati Scientific Research Center, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Karnavati Scientific Research Center, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
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Ponzo V, Bo M, Favaro E, Merlo F, Isaia G, Presta R, Collo A, Riso S, Bo S. Does presbygeusia really exist? An updated narrative review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:84. [PMID: 38558357 PMCID: PMC10984891 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This review critically assessed the existence of presbygeusia, i.e., the impairment in taste perception occurring in the elderly, as a natural part of the aging process and its potential clinical implications. Several factors might contribute to age-related taste alterations (TAs), including structural changes in taste buds, alterations in saliva composition, central nervous system changes, and oral microbiota dysbiosis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to disentangle the effects of age from those of the several age-related diseases or conditions promoting TAs. Most of the included studies reported TAs in healthy elderly people, suggesting that presbygeusia is a relatively frequent condition associated with age-related changes in the absence of pathological conditions. However, the impact of TAs on dietary preferences and food choices among the elderly seems to be less relevant when compared to other factors, such as cultural, psychological, and social influences. In conclusion, presbygeusia exists even in the absence of comorbidities or drug side effects, but its impact on dietary choices in the elderly is likely modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Mario Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy
- Section of Geriatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Fabio Merlo
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Isaia
- Section of Geriatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Presta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy.
- Section of Geriatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Collo
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Sergio Riso
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy
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Gutierres LFDS, Montaldi MR, Nascimento WV, Dantas RO. VIDEOFLUOROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF CAPSULE SIZE AND SUBJECT'S AGE AND GENDER ON CAPSULE SWALLOWING. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2024; 61:e23092. [PMID: 38511792 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.246102023-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People recurrently have difficulties swallowing solid medications, which can be associated with the size of the medication and the age and gender of individuals. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of capsule size and adults' age and gender on oral and pharyngeal capsule transit during capsule swallows. METHODS Videofluoroscopy was used to measure capsule oral and pharyngeal transit during swallows in 49 healthy individuals (17 men and 32 women), with a mean age of 46 years (ranging from 23 to 88 years). Smaller capsules were filled with 0.50 mL of barium sulfate, and larger capsules were filled with 0.95 mL of barium sulfate; the volume of liquid ingested with the capsules was also quantified in each ingestion. The measurements included the oral preparation time, oral transit time, swallowing reaction time, time to laryngeal vestibule closure, laryngeal vestibule closure duration, pharyngeal transit time, and upper esophageal sphincter opening duration. RESULTS The capsule size did not influence either the oral or pharyngeal transit time. Increased liquid volume was ingested with larger capsules and by people older than 40 years. The oral transit time was shorter in older adults (60-88 years), and the time to laryngeal vestibule closure was longer in women. CONCLUSION The size of large capsules did not make a difference in oral or pharyngeal transit when compared with smaller capsules. The capsule size and the participant's age influenced the volume of liquid ingested - larger capsules and older individuals required a larger volume. The capsule oral transit was faster in individuals older than 60 years. BACKGROUND •Swallowing is influenced by the characteristics of what is being swallowed. BACKGROUND •There was no difference in swallowing capsules containing 0.50 mL or 0.95 mL. BACKGROUND •Larger capsules need more liquid ingestion to make swallowing easier. BACKGROUND •Individuals older than 40 years need a greater volume of liquid to swallow capsules than younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Oliveira Dantas
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Jeruszka-Bielak M, Hamulka J, Czarniecka-Skubina E, Hoffmann M, Kostyra E, Stasiewicz B, Jeszka J, Wadolowska L. Dietary-Physical Activity Patterns in the Health Context of Older Polish Adults: The 'ABC of Healthy Eating' Project. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183757. [PMID: 36145132 PMCID: PMC9506088 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the dietary–physical activity patterns (D-PAPs) in the health context of Polish people aged 60+ years. A total of 418 respondents across Poland were recruited; however, the final analysis included 361 women and men aged 60–89 years old. D-PAPs were derived using a principal component analysis (PCA); input variables were the frequency of consumption of 10 food groups and physical activity. Finally, three D-PAPs were identified: ‘Pro-healthy eating and more-active’, ‘Sweets, fried foods and sweetened beverages’, and ‘Juices, fish and sweetened beverages’. We developed the Functional Limitations Score (FLS) using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®). A logistic regression was applied to verify the association between the D-PAPs and health-condition outcomes. Older adults were more likely to adhere to the upper tertile of the ‘Pro-healthy eating and more-active’ pattern, with good/better self-reported health status in comparison with their peers (OR = 1.86) or with good/very good self-assessed appetite (OR = 2.56), while this was less likely for older adults with malnutrition risk (OR = 0.37) or with a decrease in food intake (OR = 0.46). Subjects with a decrease in food intake (OR = 0.43), who declared a recent weight loss (OR = 0.49), or older adults in the upper tertile of the FLS (OR = 0.34) were less likely to adhere to the upper tertile of the ‘Sweets, fried foods and sweetened beverages’ pattern. The decrease in food intake due to a loss of appetite or chewing or swallowing difficulties was inversely associated with the ‘Pro-healthy eating and more-active’ pattern characterized by a relatively high frequency of consumption of vegetables, fruit, water, dairy, and grains and a high physical activity. In the interest of the good nutritional status and health of older adults, special attention should be paid to removing limitations in meal consumption, including improved appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jeruszka-Bielak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Hoffmann
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Kostyra
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Stasiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jeszka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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