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Rebelo-Marques A, Coelho-Ribeiro B, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Afonso J, Pereira R, Batista AS, Teixeira VH, Jácome C. Trends and Missing Links in (De)Hydration Research: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1709. [PMID: 38892642 PMCID: PMC11174495 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of literature on (de)hydration in healthy individuals, many unanswered questions remain. To outline research and policy priorities, it is fundamental to recognize the literature trends on (de)hydration and identify current research gaps, which herein we aimed to pinpoint. From a representative sample of 180 (de)hydration studies with 4350 individuals, we found that research is mainly limited to small-scale laboratory-based sample sizes, with high variability in demographics (sex, age, and level of competition); to non-ecological (highly simulated and controlled) conditions; and with a focus on recreationally active male adults (e.g., Tier 1, non-athletes). The laboratory-simulated environments are limiting factors underpinning the need to better translate scientific research into field studies. Although, consistently, dehydration is defined as the loss of 2% of body weight, the hydration status is estimated using a very heterogeneous range of parameters. Water is the most researched hydration fluid, followed by alcoholic beverages with added carbohydrates (CHO). The current research still overlooks beverages supplemented with proteins, amino acids (AA), and glycerol. Future research should invest more effort in "real-world" studies with larger and more heterogeneous cohorts, exploring the entire available spectrum of fluids while addressing hydration outcomes more harmoniously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rebelo-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
- Magismed Innovation Institute, 4710-353 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruna Coelho-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica Espregueira—FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 4350-415 Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, 4350-415 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Afonso
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rogério Pereira
- Clínica Espregueira—FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 4350-415 Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, 4350-415 Porto, Portugal
- Higher School of Health Fernando Pessoa, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Vitor Hugo Teixeira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, FADEUP, 4200-540 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, ITR, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Jácome
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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Functional Beverages in the 21st Century. BEVERAGES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Underlying the dawn of humanity was primarily the search for food and access to drinking water. Over the course of civilization, there has been a significant increase in drinking water quality. By the average of the nutritional standards, the daily water demand is 2.5 L (also including liquid products such as tea, coffee, or soup). However, it is worth noticing that the need is strictly individual for each person and depends on two major factors, namely, epidemiological (sex, age state of health, lifestyle, and diet) and environmental (humidity and air temperature). Currently, our diet is more and more often enriched with isotonic drinks, functional drinks, or drinks bearing the hallmarks of health-promoting products. As a result, manufacturing companies compete to present more interesting beverages with complex compositions. This article will discuss both the composition of functional beverages and their impact on health.
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Yun HJ, Lee JY, Jeon M, Oh SE, Park JH, Yoon J. The effects of fluid absorption and plasma volume changes in athletes following consumption of various beverages. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:207. [PMID: 36476514 PMCID: PMC9730682 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To verify the hydration effects of oral rehydration solution (ORS) on athletes by comparing the degrees of fluid absorption and plasma volume changes following beverage consumption, including ORS. METHODS Thirty-one participants visited the testing laboratory 4 times at 1-week intervals to consume 1 L of beverage (e.g., water, ORS, and two sports drinks [SpD]) for 30 min on each visit. The urine output was measured 4 times at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h after beverage consumption. A blood sample was collected 3 times at 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h after beverage consumption. Body weight was measured once in 4 h after beverage consumption. RESULTS Body weight change was smaller for ORS than for water, SpD1, and SpD2 (p < 0.05). Cumulative urine output in 4 h was lower for ORS, SpD1, and SpD2 than for water (p < 0.05), and it was lower for ORS than for SpD2 (p < 0.05). BHI in 4 h was higher for ORS, SpD1, and SpD2 than for water (p < 0.05), and it was higher for ORS than for SpD2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PVC for different beverages at all test times, i.e.., 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. CONCLUSIONS We evaluated the hydration effects of the consumption of beverages, such as water, SpD, and ORS in athletes. ORS and SpD were more effective than water. A comparison between ORS and SpD showed that the result could vary depending on the type of SpD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jun Yun
- grid.411131.70000 0004 0387 0116Center for Sports and Performance Analysis, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Lee
- grid.411131.70000 0004 0387 0116Center for Sports and Performance Analysis, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Jeon
- grid.411131.70000 0004 0387 0116Center for Sports and Performance Analysis, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-eun Oh
- grid.411131.70000 0004 0387 0116Center for Sports and Performance Analysis, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Park
- grid.411131.70000 0004 0387 0116Center for Sports and Performance Analysis, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwun Yoon
- grid.411131.70000 0004 0387 0116Center for Sports and Performance Analysis, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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