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Faienza MF, Cognetti E, Farella I, Antonioli A, Tini S, Antoniotti V, Prodam F. Dietary fructose: from uric acid to a metabolic switch in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39157959 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2392150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Fructose consumption in pediatric subjects is rising, as the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Despite increasing evidence supporting the detrimental effects of fructose in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its related comorbidities, the association between fructose intake and liver disease remains unclear, mainly in youths. The current narrative review aims to illustrate the correlation between fructose metabolism and liver functions besides its impact on obesity and MASLD in pediatrics. Fructose metabolism is involved in the liver through the classical lipogenic pathway via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) or in the alternative pathway via uric acid accumulation. Hyperuricemia is one of the main features of MALSD patients, underlining how uric acid is growing interest as a new marker of disease. Observational and interventional studies conducted in children and adolescents, who consumed large amounts of fructose and glucose in their diet, were included. Most of these studies emphasized the association between high fructose intake and weight gain, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and MASLD/MASH, even in normal-weight children. Conversely, reducing fructose intake ameliorates liver fat accumulation, lipid profile, and weight. In conclusion, fructose seems a potent inducer of both insulin resistance and hepatic fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cognetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Tini
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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2
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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Butcko AJ, Putman AK, Mottillo EP. The Intersection of Genetic Factors, Aberrant Nutrient Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Cardiometabolic Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:87. [PMID: 38247511 PMCID: PMC10812494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), which encompasses metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), has been increasing considerably in the past 50 years. CMD is a complex disease that can be influenced by genetics and environmental factors such as diet. With the increased reliance on processed foods containing saturated fats, fructose and cholesterol, a mechanistic understanding of how these molecules cause metabolic disease is required. A major pathway by which excessive nutrients contribute to CMD is through oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss how oxidative stress can drive CMD and the role of aberrant nutrient metabolism and genetic risk factors and how they potentially interact to promote progression of MAFLD, CVD and CKD. This review will focus on genetic mutations that are known to alter nutrient metabolism. We discuss the major genetic risk factors for MAFLD, which include Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase Domain Containing 7 (MBOAT7) and Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2 (TM6SF2). In addition, mutations that prevent nutrient uptake cause hypercholesterolemia that contributes to CVD. We also discuss the mechanisms by which MAFLD, CKD and CVD are mutually associated with one another. In addition, some of the genetic risk factors which are associated with MAFLD and CVD are also associated with CKD, while some genetic risk factors seem to dissociate one disease from the other. Through a better understanding of the causative effect of genetic mutations in CMD and how aberrant nutrient metabolism intersects with our genetics, novel therapies and precision approaches can be developed for treating CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Butcko
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ashley K. Putman
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Emilio P. Mottillo
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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4
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Di Sarli Gutiérrez L, Castro MC, Farromeque Vásquez S, Villagarcía HG, González Arbeláez L, Rojano B, Schinella G, Maiztegui B, Francini F. Protective Effect of Monoterpene Isoespintanol in a Rat Model of Prediabetes Induced by Fructose. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:47. [PMID: 38256882 PMCID: PMC10819293 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A high-fructose diet (HFD) induces murine alterations like those recorded in human prediabetes. Protective effects of isoespintanol (monoterpene isolated from Oxandra cf. xylopioides) on changes induced by HFD were evaluated. Animals were maintained for 21 days with a standard diet (C), 10% fructose (F), and F plus isoespintanol (FI, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Glycemia, triglyceridemia, total and HDL-cholesterol, and insulin resistance index (IRX) were determined. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) was performed. In the liver, we measured glycogen, lipogenic gene expression (SREBP-1c, GPAT, FAS, and CPT1), oxidative stress (GSH and 3'-nitrotyrosine content), inflammation markers (iNOS, TNF-α, and PAI-1 gene expression; iNOS and COX-2 protein levels), p-eNOS, p-Akt, and p-GSK3β protein levels. Isoespintanol corrected enhanced triglycerides, lipogenic genes, and IRX, and reduced HDL-cholesterol induced by HFD. Increased liver glycogen and inflammatory markers and decreased GSH, p-Akt, and p-GSK3β measured in F rats were reversed by isoespintanol, and p-eNOS/e-NOS and iNOS/GADPH ratios were normalized. Isoespintanol restored glucose tolerance (IGTT) compared to F rats. These results demonstrate for the first time that isoespintanol prevents endocrine-metabolic alterations induced by HFD in prediabetic rats. These effects could be mediated by Akt/eNOS and Akt/GSK3β pathways, suggesting its possible use as a therapeutic tool for the prevention of diabetes at early stages of its development (prediabetes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Di Sarli Gutiérrez
- CENEXA (Centre for Experimental and Applied Endocrinology, UNLP CONICET CCT La Plata, CEAS CICPBA), School of Medicine, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (L.D.S.G.); (M.C.C.); (S.F.V.); (H.G.V.); (B.M.)
| | - María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA (Centre for Experimental and Applied Endocrinology, UNLP CONICET CCT La Plata, CEAS CICPBA), School of Medicine, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (L.D.S.G.); (M.C.C.); (S.F.V.); (H.G.V.); (B.M.)
| | - Sherley Farromeque Vásquez
- CENEXA (Centre for Experimental and Applied Endocrinology, UNLP CONICET CCT La Plata, CEAS CICPBA), School of Medicine, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (L.D.S.G.); (M.C.C.); (S.F.V.); (H.G.V.); (B.M.)
| | - Hernán Gonzalo Villagarcía
- CENEXA (Centre for Experimental and Applied Endocrinology, UNLP CONICET CCT La Plata, CEAS CICPBA), School of Medicine, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (L.D.S.G.); (M.C.C.); (S.F.V.); (H.G.V.); (B.M.)
| | - Luisa González Arbeláez
- CIC (Centre for Cardiovascular Research, UNLP CONICET CCT La Plata), School of Medicine, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina;
| | - Benjamín Rojano
- Food Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Colombia, Medellín Campus, Medellin 050034, Colombia;
| | - Guillermo Schinella
- School of Medicine, UNLP, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina;
- Institute of Health Sciences, UNAJ-CICPBA, Av. Calchaquí 6200, Florencio Varela 1888, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Maiztegui
- CENEXA (Centre for Experimental and Applied Endocrinology, UNLP CONICET CCT La Plata, CEAS CICPBA), School of Medicine, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (L.D.S.G.); (M.C.C.); (S.F.V.); (H.G.V.); (B.M.)
| | - Flavio Francini
- CENEXA (Centre for Experimental and Applied Endocrinology, UNLP CONICET CCT La Plata, CEAS CICPBA), School of Medicine, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (L.D.S.G.); (M.C.C.); (S.F.V.); (H.G.V.); (B.M.)
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Mietus-Snyder M, Perak AM, Cheng S, Hayman LL, Haynes N, Meikle PJ, Shah SH, Suglia SF. Next Generation, Modifiable Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: Mitochondrial Adaptation and Metabolic Resilience: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 148:1827-1845. [PMID: 37902008 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic risk is increasing in prevalence across the life span with disproportionate ramifications for youth at socioeconomic disadvantage. Established risk factors and associated disease progression are harder to reverse as they become entrenched over time; if current trends are unchecked, the consequences for individual and societal wellness will become untenable. Interrelated root causes of ectopic adiposity and insulin resistance are understood but identified late in the trajectory of systemic metabolic dysregulation when traditional cardiometabolic risk factors cross current diagnostic thresholds of disease. Thus, children at cardiometabolic risk are often exposed to suboptimal metabolism over years before they present with clinical symptoms, at which point life-long reliance on pharmacotherapy may only mitigate but not reverse the risk. Leading-edge indicators are needed to detect the earliest departure from healthy metabolism, so that targeted, primordial, and primary prevention of cardiometabolic risk is possible. Better understanding of biomarkers that reflect the earliest transitions to dysmetabolism, beginning in utero, ideally biomarkers that are also mechanistic/causal and modifiable, is critically needed. This scientific statement explores emerging biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk across rapidly evolving and interrelated "omic" fields of research (the epigenome, microbiome, metabolome, lipidome, and inflammasome). Connections in each domain to mitochondrial function are identified that may mediate the favorable responses of each of the omic biomarkers featured to a heart-healthy lifestyle, notably to nutritional interventions. Fuller implementation of evidence-based nutrition must address environmental and socioeconomic disparities that can either facilitate or impede response to therapy.
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Arroyo CB, Ocariz MG, Rogova O, Al-Majdoub M, Björck I, Tovar J, Spégel P. A randomized trial involving a multifunctional diet reveals systematic lipid remodeling and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in middle aged to aged adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1236153. [PMID: 37781111 PMCID: PMC10538628 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1236153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A multifunctional diet (MFD) combining foods and ingredients with proven functional properties, such as fatty fish and fiber-rich foods, among others, was developed and shown to markedly reduce cardiometabolic risk-associated factors. Objective Here, we aim at examining metabolic physiological changes associated with these improvements. Methods Adult overweight individuals without other risk factors were enrolled in an 8-week randomized controlled intervention following a parallel design, with one group (n = 23) following MFD and one group (n = 24) adhering to a control diet (CD) that followed the caloric formula (E%) advised by the Nordic Nutritional Recommendations. Plasma metabolites and lipids were profiled by gas chromatography and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results Weight loss was similar between groups. The MFD and CD resulted in altered levels of 137 and 78 metabolites, respectively. Out of these, 83 were uniquely altered by the MFD and only 24 by the CD. The MFD-elicited alterations in lipid levels depended on carbon number and degree of unsaturation. Conclusion An MFD elicits weight loss-independent systematic lipid remodeling, promoting increased circulating levels of long and highly unsaturated lipids. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02148653?term=NCT02148653&draw=2&rank=1, NCT02148653.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maider Greño Ocariz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oksana Rogova
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Juscelino Tovar
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Food for Health Science Centre Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Annevelink CE, Sapp PA, Petersen KS, Shearer GC, Kris-Etherton PM. Diet-derived and diet-related endogenously produced palmitic acid: Effects on metabolic regulation and cardiovascular disease risk. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:577-586. [PMID: 37666689 PMCID: PMC10822025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid is the predominant dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the US diet. Plasma palmitic acid is derived from dietary fat and also endogenously from de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and lipolysis. DNL is affected by excess energy intake resulting in overweight and obesity, and the macronutrient profile of the diet. A low-fat diet (higher carbohydrate and/or protein) promotes palmitic acid synthesis in adipocytes and the liver. A high-fat diet is another source of palmitic acid that is taken up by adipose tissue, liver, heart and skeletal muscle via lipolytic mechanisms. Moreover, overweight/obesity and accompanying insulin resistance increase non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) production. Palmitic acid may affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via mechanisms beyond increasing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), notably synthesis of ceramides and possibly through branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) from palmitic acid. Ceramides are positively associated with incident CVD, whereas the role of FAHFAs is uncertain. Given the new evidence about dietary regulation of palmitic acid metabolism there is interest in learning more about how diet modulates circulating palmitic acid concentrations and, hence, potentially CVD risk. This is important because of the heightened interest in low carbohydrate (carbohydrate controlled) and high carbohydrate (low-fat) diets coupled with the ongoing overweight/obesity epidemic, all of which can increase plasma palmitic acid levels by different mechanisms. Consequently, learning more about palmitic acid biochemistry, trafficking and how its metabolites affect CVD risk will inform future dietary guidance to further lower the burden of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen E Annevelink
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip A Sapp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Greg C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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8
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Gugliucci A. Sugar and Dyslipidemia: A Double-Hit, Perfect Storm. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5660. [PMID: 37685728 PMCID: PMC10488931 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of sugar has expanded over the past 50 years, due to improved industrial processes and corn subsidies, particularly in the form of sweetened beverages. This correlates with a surge in the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders, which has brought this issue back into the spotlight for public health. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of fructose in the genesis of cardiometabolic dyslipidemia (an increase in serum triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL): VLDL, chylomicrons (CM), and their remnants) bringing together the most recent data on humans, which demonstrates the crucial interaction between glucose and fructose, increasing the synthesis while decreasing the catabolism of these particles in a synergistic downward spiral. After reviewing TRL metabolism, we discuss the fundamental principles governing the metabolism of fructose in the intestine and liver and the effects of dysregulated fructolysis, in conjunction with the activation of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) by glucose and the resulting crosstalk. The first byproduct of fructose catabolism, fructose-1-P, is highlighted for its function as a signaling molecule that promotes fat synthesis. We emphasize the role of fructose/glucose interaction in the liver, which enhances de novo lipogenesis, triglyceride (TG) synthesis, and VLDL production. In addition, we draw attention to current research that demonstrates how fructose affects the activity of lipoprotein lipase by increasing the concentration of inhibitors such as apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), which reduce the catabolism of VLDL and chylomicrons and cause the building up of their atherogenic remnants. The end outcome is a dual, synergistic, and harmful action that encourages atherogenesis. Thus, considering the growing concerns regarding the connection between sugar consumption and cardiometabolic disease, current research strongly supports the actions of public health organizations aimed at reducing sugar intake, including dietary guidance addressing "safe" limits for sugar consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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9
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Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Lipid Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis-Old and New in Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032237. [PMID: 36768558 PMCID: PMC9916711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex group of molecules in the body, essential as structural, functional and metabolic components. When disbalanced, they are regarded as a cardiovascular risk factor, traditionally in cholesterol level evaluation. However, due to their complex nature, much research is still needed for a comprehensive understanding of their role in atherosclerosis, especially in the young. Several new lipid biomarkers are emerging, some already researched to a point, such as lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Other lipid molecules are also being increasingly researched, including oxidized forms due to oxidative inflammation in atherosclerosis, and sphingolipids. For many, even those less new, the atherogenic potential is not clear and no clinical recommendations are in place to aid the clinician in using them in everyday clinical practice. Moreover, lipids' involvement in atherogenesis in children has yet to be elucidated. This review summarizes the current knowledge on lipids as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Cesta 2, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Cesta 2, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Castro-Alves V, Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T. Lipidomics in nutrition research. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:311-318. [PMID: 35788540 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the recent findings from lipidomics studies as related to nutrition and health research. RECENT FINDINGS Several lipidomics studies have investigated malnutrition, including both under- and overnutrition. Focus has been both on the early-life nutrition as well as on the impact of overfeeding later in life. Multiple studies have investigated the impact of different macronutrients in lipidome on human health, demonstrating that overfeeding with saturated fat is metabolically more harmful than overfeeding with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate-rich food. Diet rich in saturated fat increases the lipotoxic lipids, such as ceramides and saturated fatty-acyl-containing triacylglycerols, increasing also the low-density lipoprotein aggregation rate. In contrast, diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as n-3 fatty acids, decreases the triacylglycerol levels, although some individuals are poor responders to n-3 supplementation. SUMMARY The results highlight the benefits of lipidomics in clinical nutrition research, also providing an opportunity for personalized nutrition. An area of increasing interest is the interplay of diet, gut microbiome, and metabolome, and how they together impact individuals' responses to nutritional challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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