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Yang G, Jiang H, Xie D, Yuan S, Wu J, Zhang J, Zhang L, Yuan J, Lin J, Chen J, Yin Y. Association of obesity with osteoporotic fracture risk in individuals with bone metabolism-related conditions: a cross sectional analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1365587. [PMID: 39166135 PMCID: PMC11333327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1365587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the individual and composite associations of different indices of obesity on osteoporotic fractures at three different sites among individuals affected by conditions influencing bone metabolism. Methods Participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a national cross-sectional survey. BMI and WC were used separately and in combination to evaluate the presence of obesity. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, WC ≥ 88 cm in females, and WC ≥ 102 cm in males. Associations between obesity and osteoporotic fractures were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and OR curves. Associations modified by age, sex, race, and alcohol consumption were also evaluated. Results A total of 5377 participants were included in this study. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, we found that BMI, WC, BMI defining obesity, and WC defining obesity were negatively associated with hip fracture (all p < 0.05). However, harmful associations between WC and BMI defining obesity and spine fracture were found (all p < 0.05). OR curves revealed that BMI and WC had a linear relationship with hip and spine fractures (all P for non-linearity >0.05). Further analyses showed that the highest WC quartile was harmfully associated with a higher risk of spine fractures (p < 0.05). Obese participants diagnosed by both BMI and WC were less likely to have hip fractures but more likely to have spine fractures (all P for trend <0.05). A significant interaction between age (Ref: age < 50 years) and BMI and WC was detected for hip fractures (all P for interaction <0.05). Discussion In people with conditions influencing bone metabolism, obesity diagnosed by BMI and WC was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture, while obesity diagnosed by BMI and the highest WC quartile were associated with a higher risk of spine fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sanya Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical College, Hainan Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shuhua Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Yuan
- Medical Department of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Pediatric AI Clinical Application and Research Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP), Shanghai, China
| | - Jilei Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Pediatric AI Clinical Application and Research Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP), Shanghai, China
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiande Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sanya Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical College, Hainan Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Pediatric AI Clinical Application and Research Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP), Shanghai, China
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Linyi Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Pediatric Medical Complex (Pudong), Shanghai, China
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Liu X, Wu Y, Bennett S, Zou J, Xu J, Zhang L. The Effects of Different Dietary Patterns on Bone Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:2289. [PMID: 39064732 PMCID: PMC11280484 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a process in which osteoclasts continuously clear old bone and osteoblasts form osteoid and mineralization within basic multicellular units, which are in a dynamic balance. The process of bone metabolism is affected by many factors, including diet. Reasonable dietary patterns play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases. In recent years, dietary patterns have changed dramatically. With the continuous improvement in the quality of life, high amounts of sugar, fat and protein have become a part of people's daily diets. However, people have gradually realized the importance of a healthy diet, intermittent fasting, calorie restriction, a vegetarian diet, and moderate exercise. Although these dietary patterns have traditionally been considered healthy, their true impact on bone health are still unclear. Studies have found that caloric restriction and a vegetarian diet can reduce bone mass, the negative impact of a high-sugar and high-fat dietary (HSFD) pattern on bone health is far greater than the positive impact of the mechanical load, and the relationship between a high-protein diet (HPD) and bone health remains controversial. Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products play an important role in preventing bone loss. In this article, we further explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and bone health, and provide a reference for how to choose the appropriate dietary pattern in the future and for how to prevent bone loss caused by long-term poor dietary patterns in children, adolescents, and the elderly. In addition, this review provides dietary references for the clinical treatment of bone-related diseases and suggests that health policy makers should consider dietary measures to prevent and treat bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.L.)
| | - Yangming Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.L.)
| | - Samuel Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.L.)
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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Wang X, Zhang C, Zhao G, Yang K, Tao L. Obesity and lipid metabolism in the development of osteoporosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:61. [PMID: 38818830 PMCID: PMC11188977 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease that causes a heavy social burden and seriously threatens life. Improving osteogenic capacity is necessary to correct bone mass loss in the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoblasts are derived from the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, a process that opposes adipogenic differentiation. The peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathways mediate the mutual regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Lipid substances play an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. The content and proportion of lipids modulate the activity of immunocytes, mainly macrophages, and the secretion of inflammatory factors, such as IL‑1, IL‑6 and TNF‑α. These inflammatory effectors increase the activity and promote the differentiation of osteoclasts, which leads to bone imbalance and stronger bone resorption. Obesity also decreases the activity of antioxidases and leads to oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. The present review starts by examining the bidirectional differentiation of BM‑MSCs, describes in detail the mechanism by which lipids affect bone metabolism, and discusses the regulatory role of inflammation and oxidative stress in this process. The review concludes that a reasonable adjustment of the content and proportion of lipids, and the alleviation of inflammatory storms and oxidative damage induced by lipid imbalances, will improve bone mass and treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110165, P.R. China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Wu Y, Ma W, Cheng Z, Zhang Q, Li Z, Weng P, Li B, Huang Z, Fu C. Causal relationships between body mass index, low-density lipoprotein and bone mineral density: Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298610. [PMID: 38870109 PMCID: PMC11175445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Utilizing the Mendelian randomization technique, this research clarifies the putative causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) andbone mineral density (BMD), and the mediating role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The implications of these findings present promising opportunities for enhancing our understanding of complex bone-related characteristics and disorders, offering potential directions for treatment and intervention. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between BMI and BMD, while exploring the intermediary role of LDL in mediating the causal impact of BMI on BMD outcomes via Mendelian randomization. METHODS In this study, we employed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on BMI, LDL, and BMD to conduct a comparative analysis using both univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization. RESULTS Our study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization design. Considering BMI as the exposure and BMD as the outcome, our results suggest that BMI may function as a potential protective factor for BMD (β = 0.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09, P = 0.01). However, when treating LDL as the exposure and BMD as the outcome, our findings indicate LDL as a risk factor for BMD (β = -0.04, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99, P = 0.04). In our multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) model, the combined influence of BMI and LDL was used as the exposure for BMD outcomes. The analysis pointed towards a substantial protective effect of LDL on BMD (β = 0.08, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.97, P = 0.006). In the analysis of mediation effects, LDL was found to mediate the relationship between BMI and BMD, and the effect was calculated at (β = 0.05, 95% CI 1.052 to 1.048, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BMI may be considered a protective factor for BMD, while LDL may act as a risk factor. Moreover, LDL appears to play a mediatory role in the causal influence of BMI on BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wu
- Quanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopaedics College of Acupuncture, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenda Cheng
- Quanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, National Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Punan Weng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bushuang Li
- Department of body conditioning, Xiamen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Quanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changlong Fu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Martiniakova M, Biro R, Penzes N, Sarocka A, Kovacova V, Mondockova V, Omelka R. Links among Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Osteoporosis: Bone as a Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4827. [PMID: 38732046 PMCID: PMC11084398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are serious diseases with an ever-increasing incidence that quite often coexist, especially in the elderly. Individuals with obesity and T2DM have impaired bone quality and an elevated risk of fragility fractures, despite higher and/or unchanged bone mineral density (BMD). The effect of obesity on fracture risk is site-specific, with reduced risk for several fractures (e.g., hip, pelvis, and wrist) and increased risk for others (e.g., humerus, ankle, upper leg, elbow, vertebrae, and rib). Patients with T2DM have a greater risk of hip, upper leg, foot, humerus, and total fractures. A chronic pro-inflammatory state, increased risk of falls, secondary complications, and pharmacotherapy can contribute to the pathophysiology of aforementioned fractures. Bisphosphonates and denosumab significantly reduced the risk of vertebral fractures in patients with both obesity and T2DM. Teriparatide significantly lowered non-vertebral fracture risk in T2DM subjects. It is important to recognize elevated fracture risk and osteoporosis in obese and T2DM patients, as they are currently considered low risk and tend to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. The implementation of better diagnostic tools, including trabecular bone score, lumbar spine BMD/body mass index (BMI) ratio, and microRNAs to predict bone fragility, could improve fracture prevention in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (R.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Roman Biro
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (R.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Noemi Penzes
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (R.O.)
| | - Anna Sarocka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (R.O.)
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (R.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimira Mondockova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (R.O.)
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (R.O.)
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Zhang Y, He X, Wang K, Xue Y, Hu S, Jin Y, Zhu G, Shi Q, Rui Y. Irisin alleviates obesity-induced bone loss by inhibiting interleukin 6 expression via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis in adipocytes. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00156-5. [PMID: 38626873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity-induced bone loss affects the life quality of patients all over the world. Irisin, one of the myokines, plays an essential role in bone and fat metabolism. OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of irisin on bone metabolism via adipocytes in the bone marrow microenvironment. METHODS In this study, we fed fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5, the precursor protein of irisin) knockout mice (FNDC5-/-) with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The quality of bone mass was assessed by micro-CT analysis, histological staining, and dynamic bone formation. In vitro, the lipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was assayed by Oil Red O staining, and the osteogenic differentiation was assayed by alkaline phosphatase staining. Meanwhile, the gene expression in the BMSC-differentiated adipocytes by RNA sequence and the involved pathway of irisin were determined by western blot and qRT-PCR were performed. RESULTS The FNDC5-/- mice fed with a HFD showed an increased body weight, fat content of the bone marrow and bone, and a decreased bone formation compared with those with a standard diet (SD). In vitro, irisin inhibited the differentiation of BMSCs into adipocytes and alleviated the inhibition of osteogenesis derived from BMSCs by the adipocyte supernatant. RNA sequence and blocking experiment showed that irisin reduced the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in adipocytes through downregulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Immunofluorescence staining of bone marrow further confirmed an increased IL-6 expression in the FNDC5-/- mice fed with HFD compared with those fed with SD, which suffered serious bone loss. CONCLUSION Irisin downregulates activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing IL-6 production in adipocytes to enhance the osteogenesis of BMSCs. Thus, the rescue of osteogenesis of BMSCs, initially inhibited by IL-6, is a potential therapeutic target to mitigate obesity-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China
| | - Sihan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China
| | - Yesheng Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China.
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Mohammadi SM, Saniee N, Borzoo T, Radmanesh E. Osteoporosis and Leptin: A Systematic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:93-103. [PMID: 38694865 PMCID: PMC11058394 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i1.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Leptin has a great effect on bone through direct or indirect involvement in bone remodeling. Considering the ambiguities that exist regarding the effect of leptin on bone and bone-related diseases including osteoporosis, in this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of various studies on the effect of leptin on osteoporosis, which may find an answer to the existing ambiguities. Methods The search was performed to review studies on the effects of leptin on osteoporosis by using several databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Electronic searches were conducted on 5 Jan 2023. There was no limit on the publication date of the articles. The risk of bias for the animal study was assessed with the CAMARADES checklist, and the study quality assessment was also assessed based on the guidelines for in vivo experiments (ARRIVE). In this study, the risk of bias (quality) of human studies was assessed using the quality assessment checklists by NHLBI. Results Overall, 34 articles were included for data extraction and quality assessment. Overall, 27 human studies and seven animal studies were included in the article. The results of most of the studies conducted in this study showed that leptin has a physiological role in maintaining bone mass and better bone quality and reduces bone marrow adipogenesis and increases bone mineral density (BMD). As plasma leptin levels increased, BMD values or bone formation biomarkers increased. Conclusion Leptin has an inhibitory role against bone resorption and increasing osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, which, as a result, maintains bone density and reduces osteoclast activity, and has a positive relationship with increasing osteocalcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadia Saniee
- Department of Basic Science, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Tara Borzoo
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Esmat Radmanesh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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Song W, Sheng Q, Bai Y, Li L, Ning X, Liu Y, Song C, Wang T, Dong X, Luo Y, Hu J, Zhu L, Cui X, Chen B, Li L, Cai C, Cui H, Yue T. Obesity, but not high-fat diet, is associated with bone loss that is reversed via CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + Tregs-mediated gut microbiome of non-obese mice. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:14. [PMID: 37055440 PMCID: PMC10102288 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and increased bone fragility. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity also results in bone loss, which is associated with an imbalanced gut microbiome. However, whether HFD-induced obesity or HFD itself promotes osteoclastogenesis and consequent bone loss remains unclear. In this study, we developed HFD-induced obesity (HIO) and non-obesity (NO) mouse models to evaluate the effect of HFD on bone loss. NO mice were defined as body weight within 5% of higher or lower than that of chow diet fed mice after 10 weeks HFD feeding. NO was protected from HIO-induced bone loss by the RANKL /OPG system, with associated increases in the tibia tenacity, cortical bone mean density, bone volume of cancellous bone, and trabecular number. This led to increased bone strength and improved bone microstructure via the microbiome-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulation. Additionally, endogenous gut-SCFAs produced by the NO mice activated free fatty acid receptor 2 and inhibited histone deacetylases, resulting in the promotion of Treg cell proliferation in the HFD-fed NO mice; thereby, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, which can be transplanted by fecal microbiome. Furthermore, T cells from NO mice retain differentiation of osteoclast precursors of RAW 264.7 macrophages ex vivo. Our data reveal that HFD is not a deleterious diet; however, the induction of obesity serves as a key trigger of bone loss that can be blocked by a NO mouse-specific gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qinglin Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuying Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 226-8501, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Li Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Yangeng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhong Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaole Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Congli Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Haobo Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China.
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9
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Grant WB, Al Anouti F, Boucher BJ, Fakhoury HMA, Moukayed M, Pilz S, Al-Daghri NM. Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:994. [PMID: 37189612 PMCID: PMC10136066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the potential protective effects of vitamin D against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and stroke), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and infectious diseases such as acute respiratory tract diseases, COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. The respective evidence is based on ecological and observational studies, randomized controlled trials, mechanistic studies, and Mendelian randomization studies. However, randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation have largely failed to show benefits, probably due to poor design and analysis. In this work, we aim to use the best available evidence on the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D to estimate the expected reduction in incidence and mortality rates of vitamin D-related diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates if minimum serum 25(OH)D concentrations were to be raised to 30 ng/mL. Estimated reductions by 25% for myocardial infarction incidence, 35% for stroke incidence, 20 to 35% for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 35% for cancer mortality rates depicted a promising potential for raising serum 25(OH)D. Methods to increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the population level could include food fortification with vitamin D3, vitamin D supplementation, improved dietary vitamin D intake, and sensible sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Barbara J. Boucher
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E12AT, UK
| | - Hana M. A. Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meis Moukayed
- School of Arts and Sciences, American University in Dubai, Dubai P.O. Box 28282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Ojo O, Adegboye ARA. The Effects of Nutrition on Chronic Conditions. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051066. [PMID: 36904066 PMCID: PMC10004789 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of nutrition on chronic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and stroke, continue to generate interest among researchers [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, London SE9 2UG, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK
- Centre for Healthcare Research, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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11
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Analysis of Bone Histomorphometry in Rat and Guinea Pig Animal Models Subject to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112742. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia may be associated with alterations in bone remodeling, but the published results are contradictory. The aim of this study was to characterize the bone morphometry changes subject to hypoxia for a better understanding of the bone response to hypoxia and its possible clinical consequences on the bone metabolism. This study analyzed the bone morphometry parameters by micro-computed tomography (μCT) in rat and guinea pig normobaric hypoxia models. Adult male and female Wistar rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia for 7 and 15 days. Additionally, adult male guinea pigs were exposed to chronic hypoxia for 15 days. The results showed that rats exposed to chronic constant and intermittent hypoxic conditions had a worse trabecular and cortical bone health than control rats (under a normoxic condition). Rats under chronic constant hypoxia were associated with a more deteriorated cortical tibia thickness, trabecular femur and tibia bone volume over the total volume (BV/TV), tibia trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular femur and tibia bone mineral density (BMD). In the case of chronic intermittent hypoxia, rats subjected to intermittent hypoxia had a lower cortical femur tissue mineral density (TMD), lower trabecular tibia BV/TV, and lower trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the tibia and lower tibia Tb.N. The results also showed that obese rats under a hypoxic condition had worse values for the femur and tibia BV/TV, tibia trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), femur and tibia Tb.N, and BMD for the femur and tibia than normoweight rats under a hypoxic condition. In conclusion, hypoxia and obesity may modify bone remodeling, and thus bone microarchitecture, and they might lead to reductions in the bone strength and therefore increase the risk of fragility fracture.
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