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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Keim NL, Schwarz JM, Pacini G, Tura A, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38201980 PMCID: PMC10780640 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
| | | | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95819, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Schwarz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
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Honglv X, Zhaoyu Y, Dehui L, Chunjie Y, Yun Z, Jiaxing Y, Yingzhen S, Yinghong J, Qiuan L. Mediating effect of physical sub-health in the association of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption with depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: A structural equation model. J Affect Disord 2023; 342:157-165. [PMID: 37730148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous findings with small samples indicated that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption was associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents, the mediating effect of physical sub-health in the association is unknown. METHODS A survey was conducted among freshmen from 11 provinces in China. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary behavior, and patient health questionnaire-9 items was used to assess depressive symptoms. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between SSB consumption, physical sub-health and depressive symptoms. The structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of physical sub-health. RESULTS Of the 31,856 participants, 36.5 % had positive depressive symptoms. After adjusting for variables, carbonate beverages (β = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.07-0.15; P = 0.000) and milk tea (β = 0.07; 95%CI: 0.01-0.13; P = 0.021) consumption was associated with depressive symptoms in boys. Carbonate beverages (β = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.05-0.13; P = 0.000), tea beverages (β = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.04-0.13; P = 0.000), and milk tea (β = 0.08; 95%CI: 0.04-0.11; P = 0.000) consumption was associated with depressive symptoms in girls. The mediating effect of physical sub-health accounted for 81.3 % of the total effect in the mediating model of SSB associated with depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Retrospective survey has certain information bias. Association observed in the cross-sectional study is uncertain. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the consumption of SSB associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese college students, and physical sub-health plays a complete mediating role in the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Honglv
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China; Community Nursing Research Team of Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China.
| | - Yang Zhaoyu
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China; Campus hospital, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Liu Dehui
- Campus hospital, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Yu Chunjie
- Department of pharmacy, the first people's hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Zhao Yun
- Department of infection control, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Yang Jiaxing
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China; Community Nursing Research Team of Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Su Yingzhen
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China; Community Nursing Research Team of Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Jiang Yinghong
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China; Community Nursing Research Team of Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Lu Qiuan
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China; Community Nursing Research Team of Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
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Softic S, Lanaspa MA, DeBosch B. Fructose Metabolism and Metabolic Dysfunction in Adolescents and Young Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3162. [PMID: 37513580 PMCID: PMC10383708 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a worldwide epidemic of obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunction [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Softic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Gomez-Delgado F, Torres-Peña JD, Gutierrez-Lara G, Romero-Cabrera JL, Perez-Martinez P. Artificial sweeteners and cardiovascular risk. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:344-351. [PMID: 37115819 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Globalization and the increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods have led to a need for greater knowledge on the health impacts of certain nutrients such as artificial sweeteners. This review aims to analyse the role of artificial sweeteners (nutritive and nonnutritive) and their impact on cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. RECENT FINDINGS The detrimental effects of a high-calorie, high-sugar diet have been well established. In light of this, health authorities recommend limiting sugar consumption. This has led the food industry to develop different artificial sweeteners with specific properties, such as flavour and stability (nutritive artificial sweeteners: NAS), and others aimed at limiting sugar in the diet (nonnutritive artificial sweeteners: nNAS). Likewise, recent evidence explores the influence of artificial sweeteners (NAS and nNAS) on CVD risk through risk factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, among others. SUMMARY This review aims to provide an updated overview of the impact of NAS and nNAS on cardiovascular health and provide recommendations regarding their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gomez-Delgado
- Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Jaen University Hospital, Jaen
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose David Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Luis Romero-Cabrera
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Vrbjar N, Vlkovicova J, Snurikova D, Kalocayova B, Zorad S, Culafic T, Tepavcevic S, Tothova L, Radosinska D, Kollarova M, Radosinska J. Alterations in Oxidative Stress Markers and Na,K-ATPase Enzyme Properties in Kidney after Fructose Intake and Quercetin Intervention in Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040931. [PMID: 37109460 PMCID: PMC10142800 DOI: 10.3390/life13040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to characterize the consequences of a 15-week intake of 10% fructose on the kidney, with the focus on oxidative stress markers and properties of the Na,K-ATPase enzyme. Various antioxidants naturally occurring in common food were demonstrated to be protective against fructose-induced deterioration of kidneys. Therefore, we also aimed to observe the effect of 6-week quercetin administration (20 mg/kg/day) that was initiated following the 9-week period of higher fructose intake, by determining the concentration of sodium, potassium, creatinine, urea, and glucose in blood plasma and oxidative status directly in the renal tissue. Kinetic studies of renal Na,K-ATPase were utilized for a deeper insight into the molecular principles of expected changes in this enzyme activity under conditions of presumed fructose-induced renal injury. Fructose intake led to increase in body weight gain, plasma glucose and sodium levels, and deterioration of kidney properties, although some compensatory mechanisms were observable. Quercetin administration improved glycemic control in rats exposed to fructose overload. However, an increase in plasma creatinine, a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio in renal tissue homogenate, and a controversial effect on renal Na,K-ATPase enzyme suggest that quercetin treatment may not be beneficial in the condition of pre-existing renal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Vrbjar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Vlkovicova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Snurikova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Zorad
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tijana Culafic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Tepavcevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lubomira Tothova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Radosinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Kollarova
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Premedix Academy, Medená 18, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Radosinska
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Reply to: 'Guidelines on 'added' sugars are unscientific and unnecessary'. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:847-849. [PMID: 36220971 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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