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Wang X, Mao D, Xu Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhuo Q, Tian Y, Huan Y, Li Y. Predictive Equation for Basal Metabolic Rate in Normal-Weight Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4185. [PMID: 37836469 PMCID: PMC10574416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a predictive equation for basal metabolic rate (BMR) in normal-weight Chinese adults and provide a reference for establishing the national recommended dietary energy intake. A new equation for BMR was derived from a sample of 516 normal-weight Chinese adults (men = 253, women = 263), and this sample was collected from two previous studies. Furthermore, the accuracy of this new equation and eight other previous predictive equations was reviewed. The agreement and reliability were compared in terms of bias, accuracy, the intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plots between predictive equations. In addition, the newly developed equation was further verified using a small independent sample, which contained 41 healthy Chinese adults (men = 21, women = 20). The measured BMR (mBMR) of all participants, measured using indirect calorimetry, was 1346.2 ± 358.0 kcal/d. Thirty participants were excluded based on Cook's distance criteria (Cook's distance of ≥0.008). Previous equations developed by Henry, Schofield, Harris-Benedict (H-B), Yang, and Hong overestimated the BMR of healthy Chinese adults. The present equation displayed the smallest average bias (0.2 kcal/d) between the mBMR and predicted basal metabolic rate (pBMR). The limits of agreement of the present equation from Bland-Altman plots were -514.3 kcal/d and 513.9 kcal/d, which is the most narrow and balanced limit of agreement. Moreover, in the verification of the testing database, the pBMR of the new equation was not significantly different from the mBMR, and the accuracy was 75.6%. Compared with pre-existing equations, the present equation is more applicable to the prediction of BMR in healthy Chinese adults. However, further studies are required to verify the accuracy of this new equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Deqian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zechao Xu
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Macronutrients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission (NHC), National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (D.M.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Macronutrients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yuping Huan
- Department of Cuisine and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
| | - Yajie Li
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China;
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Maury-Sintjago E, Rodríguez-Fernández A, Ruíz-De la Fuente M. Predictive Equations Overestimate Resting Metabolic Rate in Young Chilean Women with Excess Body Fat. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020188. [PMID: 36837807 PMCID: PMC9964988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Underestimating/overestimating resting metabolic rate (RMR) affects energy prescription. The objective was to compare RMR by indirect calorimetry (RMR IC) and RMR estimated by predictive equations in women with excess body fat. This was an analytical cross-sectional study with 41 women aged 18-28 with overnutrition according to body composition. The RMR IC was measured and RMR estimated using the FAO/WHO/UNU (1985), FAO/WHO/UNU (2004), Harris-Benedict, and Mifflin-St Jeor equations. The percentage of adequacy (90-110%), overestimation (>110%), and underestimation (<90%) were evaluated for RMR IC. Data were described by percentiles because of non-normal distribution according to the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Bland-Altman analysis were applied at a significance level of α < 0.05. The RMR IC was 1192 and 1183 calories/day (p = 0.429) in women with obesity and overweight, respectively. The FAO/WHO/UNU (1985), FAO/WHO/UNU (2004), Harris-Benedict, and Mifflin-St Jeor equations overestimated the RMR IC by 283.2, 311.2, 292.7, and 203.0 calories/day and by 296.7, 413.8, 280.0, and 176.6 calories/day for women with overweight and obesity (p < 0.001), respectively. The Harris-Benedict adjusted weight (0.5) equation underestimated RMR IC by 254.7 calories/day. The predictive equations overestimated RMR IC in women with excess body fat. The Mifflin-St Jeor equation showed less overestimation and better adequacy, but was not exempt from inaccuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Maury-Sintjago
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
- Auxology, Bioanthropology, and Ontogeny Research Group (GABO), Faculty of Health and Food Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
- Auxology, Bioanthropology, and Ontogeny Research Group (GABO), Faculty of Health and Food Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.R.-F.); (M.R.-D.l.F.); Tel.: +56-422463294 (A.R.-F.); +56-2-422463121 (M.R.-D.l.F.)
| | - Marcela Ruíz-De la Fuente
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
- Auxology, Bioanthropology, and Ontogeny Research Group (GABO), Faculty of Health and Food Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.R.-F.); (M.R.-D.l.F.); Tel.: +56-422463294 (A.R.-F.); +56-2-422463121 (M.R.-D.l.F.)
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Predictive Equation to Estimate Resting Metabolic Rate in Older Chilean Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153199. [PMID: 35956375 PMCID: PMC9370421 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) depends on body fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), whereas abdominal fat distribution is an aspect that has yet to be adequately studied. The objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of waist circumference (WC) in predicting RMR and propose a specific estimation equation for older Chilean women. This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a sample of 45 women between the ages of 60 and 85 years. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and WC were evaluated. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) and %FM using the Siri equation. Adequacy (90% to 110%), overestimation (>110%), and underestimation (<90%) of the FAO/WHO/UNU, Harris−Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor, and Carrasco equations, as well as those of the proposed equation, were evaluated in relation to RMR as measured by IC. Normal distribution was determined according to the Shapiro−Wilk test. The relationship of body composition and WC with RMR IC was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The RMR IC was 1083.6 ± 171.9 kcal/day, which was significantly and positively correlated with FFM, body weight, WC, and FM and inversely correlated with age (p < 0.001). Among the investigated equations, our proposed equation showed the best adequacy and lowest overestimation. The predictive formulae that consider WC improve RMR prediction, thus preventing overestimation in older women.
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