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Oracz J, Lewandowska U, Owczarek K, Caban M, Rosicka-Kaczmarek J, Żyżelewicz D. Isolation, structural characterization and biological activity evaluation of melanoidins from thermally processed cocoa beans, carob kibbles and acorns as potential cytotoxic agents. Food Chem 2024; 442:138423. [PMID: 38241994 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the chemical structure and biological activity of melanoidin fractions derived from cocoa beans, carob kibbles, and acorns roasted at different temperature-time conditions. The results showed that plant origin and roasting conditions had significant effects on the chemical composition, structural features, and morphology of melanoidins. All tested melanoidins exhibited significant antioxidant properties in three in vitro assays. In addition, they show significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by reducing lipoxygenase. The results from MTT assay showed that the all studied melanoidins had a cytotoxic effect against SW-480 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the most pronounced activity was observed for acorn melanoidins. This is a unique finding, as the specific cytotoxic effect has not been reported for cocoa, carob and acorn melanoidins, and opens up a great opportunity to develop a potential novel cytotoxic agent against deadly colon cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Oracz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 5 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Owczarek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 5 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Miłosz Caban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 5 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Żyżelewicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Royal Jelly: Biological Action and Health Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6023. [PMID: 38892209 PMCID: PMC11172503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a highly nutritious natural product with great potential for use in medicine, cosmetics, and as a health-promoting food. This bee product is a mixture of important compounds, such as proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals, hormones, neurotransmitters, flavonoids, and polyphenols, that underlie the remarkable biological and therapeutic activities of RJ. Various bioactive molecules like 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), antibacterial protein, apisin, the major royal jelly proteins, and specific peptides such as apisimin, royalisin, royalactin, apidaecin, defensin-1, and jelleins are characteristic ingredients of RJ. RJ shows numerous physiological and pharmacological properties, including vasodilatory, hypotensive, antihypercholesterolaemic, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, estrogenic, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-tumor effects. Moreover, RJ may reduce menopause symptoms and improve the health of the reproductive system, liver, and kidneys, and promote wound healing. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RJ in various diseases, aging, and aging-related complications, with special emphasis on the bioactive components of RJ and their health-promoting properties. The data presented should be an incentive for future clinical studies that hopefully will advance our knowledge about the therapeutic potential of RJ and facilitate the development of novel RJ-based therapeutic opportunities for improving human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Perlikowska R, Silva J, Alves C, Susano P, Zakłos-Szyda M, Skibska A, Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, Wtorek K, do Rego JC, do Rego JL, Kluczyk A, Pedrosa R. Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Rubiscolin-6 Analogs with Proline Surrogates in Position 2. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:895-918. [PMID: 38117448 PMCID: PMC10901950 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring peptides, such as rubiscolins derived from spinach leaves, have been shown to possess some interesting activities. They exerted central effects, such as antinociception, memory consolidation and anxiolytic-like activity. The fact that rubiscolins are potent even when given orally makes them very promising drug candidates. The present work tested whether rubiscolin-6 (R-6, Tyr-Pro-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe) analogs have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. These hypotheses were tested in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injury model of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Caspase-3 activity, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) production allowed us to determine the effects of peptides on hallmarks related to Parkinson's Disease (PD) and inflammation. Additionally, we investigated the impact of R-6 analogs on serine-threonine kinase (also known as protein kinase B, AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. The treatment with analogs 3 (Tyr-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-OH), 5 (Dmt-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-OH) and 7 (Tyr-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-NH2) most effectively prevented neuronal death via attenuation of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction and Caspase-3 activity. Peptides 5 and 7 significantly increased the protein expression of the phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) and phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR). Additionally, selected analogs could also ameliorate LPS-mediated inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of intracellular generation of ROS and NO production. Our findings suggest that R-6 analogs exert protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism in in vitro model of PD. The data shows that the most potent peptides can inhibit 6-OHDA injury by activating the PI3-K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thus playing a neuroprotective role and may provide a rational and robust approach in the design of new therapeutics or even functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Perlikowska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Patricia Susano
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skibska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karol Wtorek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Platform of Behavioural Analysis (SCAC), Inserm US51 - CNRS UAR2026 HeRaCLes, Institute For Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Platform of Behavioural Analysis (SCAC), Inserm US51 - CNRS UAR2026 HeRaCLes, Institute For Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614, Peniche, Portugal
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Ren L, Liu S, Zhong J, Zhang L. Revolutionizing targeting precision: microfluidics-enabled smart microcapsules for tailored delivery and controlled release. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1367-1393. [PMID: 38314845 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
As promising delivery systems, smart microcapsules have garnered significant attention owing to their targeted delivery loaded with diverse active materials. By precisely manipulating fluids on the micrometer scale, microfluidic has emerged as a powerful tool for tailoring delivery systems based on potential applications. The desirable characteristics of smart microcapsules are associated with encapsulation capacity, targeted delivery capability, and controlled release of encapsulants. In this review, we briefly describe the principles of droplet-based microfluidics for smart microcapsules. Subsequently, we summarize smart microcapsules as delivery systems for efficient encapsulation and focus on target delivery patterns, including passive targets, active targets, and microfluidics-assisted targets. Additionally, based on release mechanisms, we review controlled release modes adjusted by smart membranes and on/off gates. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and potential implications associated with smart microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ren
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Junjie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Caban M, Lewandowska U. Encapsulation of Polyphenolic Compounds Based on Hemicelluloses to Enhance Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104189. [PMID: 37241929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are difficult to cure, and available treatment is associated with troubling side effects. In addition, current therapies have limited efficacy and are characterized by high costs, and a large segment of the IBD and CRC patients are refractive to the treatment. Moreover, presently used anti-IBD therapies in the clinics are primarily aimed on the symptomatic control. That is why new agents with therapeutic potential against IBD and CRC are required. Currently, polyphenols have received great attention in the pharmaceutical industry and in medicine due to their health-promoting properties. They may exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer activity, via inhibiting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes or factors associated with carcinogenesis (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factor), suggesting they may have therapeutic potential against IBD and CRC. However, their use is limited under both processing conditions or gastrointestinal interactions, reducing their stability and hence their bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Therefore, there is a need for more effective carriers that could be used for encapsulation of polyphenolic compounds. In recent years, natural polysaccharides have been proposed for creating carriers used in the synthesis of polyphenol encapsulates. Among these, hemicelluloses are particularly noteworthy, being characterized by good biocompatibility, biodegradation, low immunogenicity, and pro-health activity. They may also demonstrate synergy with the polyphenol payload. This review discusses the utility and potential of hemicellulose-based encapsulations of polyphenols as support for treatment of IBD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Caban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Synergic Effect of Honey with Other Natural Agents in Developing Efficient Wound Dressings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010034. [PMID: 36670896 PMCID: PMC9854511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey has been used for therapeutic and nutritional purposes since ancient times. It was considered one of the essential medical assets in wound healing. According to research, honeybees have significant antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and wound-healing properties. Lately, scientific researchers have focused on apitherapy, using bee products to protect and strengthen the immune system. Since honey is the most important natural product rich in minerals, proteins, and vitamins, it has been intensively used in such therapies. Honey has gained significant consideration because of the beneficial role of its antioxidant compounds, such as enzymes, proteins, amino and organic acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, but mainly due to flavonoids and phenolic acids. It has been proven that phenolic compounds are responsible for honey's biological activity and that its physicochemical properties, antioxidants, and antimicrobial potential are significant for human health. The review also presents some mechanisms of action and the medical applications of honey, such as wound healing dressings, skin grafts, honey-based nanofibers, and cochlear implants, as the most promising wound healing tools. This extensive review has been written to highlight honey's applications in medicine; its composition with the most important bioactive compounds also illustrates its synergistic effect with other natural products having remarkable therapeutic properties in wound healing.
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