1
|
Perlikowska R, Silva J, Alves C, Susano P, Zakłos-Szyda M, Skibska A, Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, Wtorek K, do Rego JC, do Rego JL, Kluczyk A, Pedrosa R. Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Rubiscolin-6 Analogs with Proline Surrogates in Position 2. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:895-918. [PMID: 38117448 PMCID: PMC10901950 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring peptides, such as rubiscolins derived from spinach leaves, have been shown to possess some interesting activities. They exerted central effects, such as antinociception, memory consolidation and anxiolytic-like activity. The fact that rubiscolins are potent even when given orally makes them very promising drug candidates. The present work tested whether rubiscolin-6 (R-6, Tyr-Pro-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe) analogs have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. These hypotheses were tested in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injury model of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Caspase-3 activity, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) production allowed us to determine the effects of peptides on hallmarks related to Parkinson's Disease (PD) and inflammation. Additionally, we investigated the impact of R-6 analogs on serine-threonine kinase (also known as protein kinase B, AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. The treatment with analogs 3 (Tyr-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-OH), 5 (Dmt-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-OH) and 7 (Tyr-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-NH2) most effectively prevented neuronal death via attenuation of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction and Caspase-3 activity. Peptides 5 and 7 significantly increased the protein expression of the phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) and phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR). Additionally, selected analogs could also ameliorate LPS-mediated inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of intracellular generation of ROS and NO production. Our findings suggest that R-6 analogs exert protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism in in vitro model of PD. The data shows that the most potent peptides can inhibit 6-OHDA injury by activating the PI3-K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thus playing a neuroprotective role and may provide a rational and robust approach in the design of new therapeutics or even functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Perlikowska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Patricia Susano
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skibska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karol Wtorek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Platform of Behavioural Analysis (SCAC), Inserm US51 - CNRS UAR2026 HeRaCLes, Institute For Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Platform of Behavioural Analysis (SCAC), Inserm US51 - CNRS UAR2026 HeRaCLes, Institute For Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614, Peniche, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|