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Lu X, Cummings C, Osuala UA, Yennawar NH, Namitz KEW, Hellner B, Besada-Lombana PB, Peterson RD, Clark AJ. Characterization of recombinant human lactoferrin expressed in Komagataella phaffii. Analyst 2024; 149:3636-3650. [PMID: 38814097 PMCID: PMC11215759 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a thorough characterization of Helaina recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF, Effera™) expressed in a yeast system at an industrial scale for the first time. Proteomic analysis confirmed that its amino acid sequence is identical to that of native human LF. N-linked glycans were detected at three known glycosylation sites, namely, Asparagines-156, -497, and -642 and they were predominantly oligomannose structures having five to nine mannoses. Helaina rhLF's protein secondary structure was nearly identical to that of human milk lactoferrin (hmLF), as revealed by microfluidic modulation spectroscopy. Results of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and analytical ultracentrifugation analyses confirmed that, like hmLF, Helaina rhLF displayed well-folded globular structures in solution. Reconstructed solvent envelopes of Helaina rhLF, obtained through the SAXS analysis, demonstrated a remarkable fit with the reported crystalline structure of iron-bound native hmLF. Differential scanning calorimetry investigations into the thermal stability of Helaina rhLF revealed two distinct denaturation temperatures at 68.7 ± 0.9 °C and 91.9 ± 0.5 °C, consistently mirroring denaturation temperatures observed for apo- and holo-hmLF. Overall, Helaina rhLF differed from hmLF in the N-glycans they possessed; nevertheless, the characterization results affirmed that Helaina rhLF was of high purity and exhibited globular structures closely akin to that of hmLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Lu
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Chad Cummings
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Udodili A Osuala
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Neela H Yennawar
- X-ray Crystallography Core Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kevin E W Namitz
- X-ray Crystallography Core Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Brittney Hellner
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | | | - Ross D Peterson
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Anthony J Clark
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Gori A, Brindisi G, Daglia M, del Giudice MM, Dinardo G, Di Minno A, Drago L, Indolfi C, Naso M, Trincianti C, Tondina E, Brunese FP, Ullah H, Varricchio A, Ciprandi G, Zicari AM. Exploring the Role of Lactoferrin in Managing Allergic Airway Diseases among Children: Unrevealing a Potential Breakthrough. Nutrients 2024; 16:1906. [PMID: 38931261 PMCID: PMC11206375 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased among children in recent decades. These conditions significantly impact the quality of life of allergic children and their families. Lactoferrin, a multifunctional glycoprotein found in various biological fluids, is emerging as a promising immunomodulatory agent that can potentially alleviate allergic diseases in children. Lactoferrin's multifaceted properties make it a compelling candidate for managing these conditions. Firstly, lactoferrin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can mitigate the chronic inflammation characteristic of allergic diseases. Secondly, its iron-binding capabilities may help regulate the iron balance in allergic children, potentially influencing the severity of their symptoms. Lactoferrin also demonstrates antimicrobial properties, making it beneficial in preventing secondary infections often associated with respiratory allergies. Furthermore, its ability to modulate the immune response and regulate inflammatory pathways suggests its potential as an immune-balancing agent. This review of the current literature emphasises the need for further research to elucidate the precise roles of lactoferrin in allergic diseases. Harnessing the immunomodulatory potential of lactoferrin could provide a novel add-on approach to managing allergic diseases in children, offering hope for improved outcomes and an enhanced quality of life for paediatric patients and their families. As lactoferrin continues to capture the attention of researchers, its properties and diverse applications make it an intriguing subject of study with a rich history and a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gori
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.M.); (H.U.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Michele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.d.G.); (G.D.); (C.I.)
| | - Giulio Dinardo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.d.G.); (G.D.); (C.I.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.M.); (H.U.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology & Microbiome, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, MultiLab Department, IRCCS Multimedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.d.G.); (G.D.); (C.I.)
| | - Matteo Naso
- Allergy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.N.); (C.T.)
| | - Chiara Trincianti
- Allergy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.N.); (C.T.)
| | - Enrico Tondina
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Attilio Varricchio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
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Chen G, Xu R, Zhang J, Yang M, Fan J, Huang Y, Sun X. Composition of breast milk from mothers of premature and full-term infants and its influence in Z-Scores for infant physical growth. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:292. [PMID: 38689260 PMCID: PMC11059756 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk contains various crucial nutrients and biologically active substances and is ideal for newborns. This study aimed to analyze the composition of breast milk from mothers of premature and full-term infants and its influences on the growth of infants. METHODS Infant-mother dyads examined at our Hospital (March 2016 to May 2017) were included. Milk was collected at 0-1 month, 2-3 months, and 5-6 months and analyzed using a MIRIS human milk analyzer. Z-scores of weight-for-length (WLZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and length-for-age (LAZ) were calculated. RESULTS This study included full-term (> 37 weeks of gestation, n = 177) and premature (< 37 weeks, n = 94) infant-mother dyads. The premature infants showed higher ΔWAZ, ΔLAZ, and ΔWLZ from infancy to toddlerhood for the physical growth speed, compared with term infants (P < 0.001). All proteins and true protein components of breast milk decreased with infants' age (P < 0.001). For premature and full-term infants, differences in ΔWAZ and ΔLAZ from birth to infancy and the difference in ΔLAZ, WAZ, and LAZ in toddlerhood were positively associated with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) (all P < 0.05), while the Z-score differences in ΔWLZ from birth to infancy were negatively associated with NPN (all P < 0.05). For premature babies, from birth to infancy stage, ΔWAZ was positively correlated with NPN and carbohydrates while negatively correlated with dry matter (all P < 0.05), and ΔLAZ correlated with NPN (β = 0.428, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding helped premature infants compensatory growth when compared to term infants. Whileduring early infancy stage ΔWLZ gain was negatively associated with increased amounts of NPN in breast milk. This might mean although NPN increase the Z-scores of weight-for-age and length-for-age, with no rise in adipose tissue mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Chen
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China.
| | - Rongxian Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianxia Fan
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- Nursing Department, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
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Wang W, An Q, Huang K, Dai Y, Meng Q, Zhang Y. Unlocking the power of Lactoferrin: Exploring its role in early life and its preventive potential for adult chronic diseases. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114143. [PMID: 38519174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Nutrition during the early postnatal period exerts a profound impact on both infant development and later-life health. Breast milk, which contains lactoferrin, a dynamic protein, plays a crucial role in the growth of various biological systems and in preventing numerous chronic diseases. Based on the relationship between early infant development and chronic diseases later in life, this paper presents a review of the effects of lactoferrin in early life on neonates intestinal tract, immune system, nervous system, adipocyte development, and early intestinal microflora establishment, as well as the preventive and potential mechanisms of early postnatal lactoferrin against adult allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, cancer, and obesity. Furthermore, we summarized the application status of lactoferrin in the early postnatal period and suggested directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin An
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Dai
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Taha E, Shetta A, Nour SA, Naguib MJ, Mamdouh W. Versatile Nanoparticulate Systems as a Prosperous Platform for Targeted Nose-Brain Drug Delivery. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:999-1014. [PMID: 38329097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The intranasal route has proven to be a reliable and promising route for delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS), averting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and avoiding extensive first-pass metabolism of some drugs, with minimal systemic exposure. This is considered to be the main problem associated with other routes of drug delivery such as oral, parenteral, and transdermal, among other administration methods. The intranasal route maximizes drug bioavailability, particularly those susceptible to enzymatic degradation such as peptides and proteins. This review will stipulate an overview of the intranasal route as a channel for drug delivery, including its benefits and drawbacks, as well as different mechanisms of CNS drug targeting using nanoparticulate drug delivery systems devices; it also focuses on pharmaceutical dosage forms such as drops, sprays, or gels via the nasal route comprising different polymers, absorption promoters, CNS ligands, and permeation enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Amro Shetta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Samia A Nour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Marianne J Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Wael Mamdouh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo (AUC), AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Merhar SL, Miller SP. Maternal milk in the NICU: An everyday intervention to improve brain development. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03125-3. [PMID: 38438552 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Merhar
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Fan YG, Guo C, Zhao LX, Ge RL, Pang ZQ, He DL, Ren H, Wu TY, Zhang YH, Wang ZY. Astrocyte-derived lactoferrin reduces β-amyloid burden by promoting the interaction between p38 kinase and PP2A phosphatase in male APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:896-913. [PMID: 37309219 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Overexpression of astrocytic lactoferrin (Lf) was observed in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, whereas the role of astrocytic Lf in AD progression remains unexplored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of astrocytic Lf on AD progression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male APP/PS1 mice with astrocytes overexpressing human Lf were developed to evaluate the effects of astrocytic Lf on AD progression. N2a-sw cells also were employed to further uncover the mechanism of astrocytic Lf on β-amyloid (Aβ) production. KEY RESULTS Astrocytic Lf overexpression increased protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity and reduced amyloid precursor protein (APP) phosphorylation, Aβ burden and tau hyperphosphorylation in APP/PS1 mice. Mechanistically, astrocytic Lf overexpression promoted the uptake of astrocytic Lf into neurons in APP/PS1 mice, and conditional medium from astrocytes overexpressing Lf inhibited p-APP (Thr668) expression in N2a-sw cells. Furthermore, recombinant human Lf (hLf) significantly enhanced PP2A activity and inhibited p-APP expression, whereas inhibition of p38 or PP2A activities abrogated the hLf-induced p-APP down-regulation in N2a-sw cells. Additionally, hLf promoted the interaction of p38 and PP2A via p38 activation, thereby enhancing PP2A activity, and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) knockdown significantly reversed the hLf-induced p38 activation and p-APP down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggested that astrocytic Lf promoted neuronal p38 activation, via targeting to LRP1, subsequently promoting p38 binding to PP2A to enhance PP2A enzyme activity, which finally inhibited Aβ production via APP dephosphorylation. In conclusion, promoting astrocytic Lf expression may be a potential strategy against AD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ri-Le Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Pang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da-Long He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sanches E, van de Looij Y, Ho D, Modernell L, da Silva A, Sizonenko S. Early Neuroprotective Effects of Bovine Lactoferrin Associated with Hypothermia after Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15583. [PMID: 37958562 PMCID: PMC10650654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy (HIE) in term newborns is a leading cause of mortality and chronic disability. Hypothermia (HT) is the only clinically available therapeutic intervention; however, its neuroprotective effects are limited. Lactoferrin (LF) is the major whey protein in milk presenting iron-binding, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties and has been shown to protect very immature brains against HI damage. We hypothesized that combining early oral administration of LF with whole body hypothermia could enhance neuroprotection in a HIE rat model. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed an LF-supplemented diet (1 mg/kg) or a control diet from (P6). At P7, the male and female pups had the right common carotid artery occluded followed by hypoxia (8% O2 for 60') (HI). Immediately after hypoxia, hypothermia (target temperature of 32.5-33.5 °C) was performed (5 h duration) using Criticool®. The animals were divided according to diet, injury and thermal condition. At P8 (24 h after HI), the brain neurochemical profile was assessed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and a hyperintense T2W signal was used to measure the brain lesions. The mRNA levels of the genes related to glutamatergic excitotoxicity, energy metabolism and inflammation were assessed in the right hippocampus. The cell markers and apoptosis expression were assessed using immunofluorescence in the right hippocampus. HI decreased the energy metabolites and increased lactate. The neuronal-astrocytic coupling impairments observed in the HI groups were reversed mainly by HT. LF had an important effect on astrocyte function, decreasing the levels of the genes related to glutamatergic excitotoxicity and restoring the mRNA levels of the genes related to metabolic support. When combined, LF and HT presented a synergistic effect and prevented lactate accumulation, decreased inflammation and reduced brain damage, pointing out the benefits of combining these therapies. Overall, we showed that through distinct mechanisms lactoferrin can enhance neuroprotection induced by HT following neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (Y.v.d.L.); (D.H.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Yohan van de Looij
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (Y.v.d.L.); (D.H.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Dini Ho
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (Y.v.d.L.); (D.H.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Laura Modernell
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (Y.v.d.L.); (D.H.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Analina da Silva
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Animal Imaging and Technology Section, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Stéphane Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (Y.v.d.L.); (D.H.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
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Ullah I, Lang M. Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279826. [PMID: 37942316 PMCID: PMC10627961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a crucial role in the biochemistry and development of nearly all living organisms. Iron starvation of pathogens during infection is a striking feature utilized by a host to quell infection. In mammals and some other animals, iron is essentially obtained from diet and recycled from erythrocytes. Free iron is cytotoxic and is readily available to invading pathogens. During infection, most pathogens utilize host iron for their survival. Therefore, to ensure limited free iron, the host's natural system denies this metal in a process termed nutritional immunity. In this fierce battle for iron, hosts win over some pathogens, but others have evolved mechanisms to overdrive the host barriers. Production of siderophores, heme iron thievery, and direct binding of transferrin and lactoferrin to bacterial receptors are some of the pathogens' successful strategies which are highlighted in this review. The intricate interplay between hosts and pathogens in iron alteration systems is crucial for understanding host defense mechanisms and pathogen virulence. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of host and pathogen iron alteration systems and propose future research directions to enhance our knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
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10
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Yoshida Y, Oikawa M, Shimada T, Shinomiya A, Watanabe Y. Neonatal malnutrition impacts fibroblast growth factor 21-induced neuron neurite outgrowth and growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion in neonatal mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:121-131. [PMID: 37506473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal malnutrition is one of the most common causes of neurological disorders. However, the mechanism of action of the factors associated with neonatal nutrition in the brain remains unclear. In this study, we focused on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 to elucidate the effects of malnutrition on the neonatal brain. FGF21 is an endocrine factor produced by the liver during lactation which is the main source of nutrition during the neonatal period. In this study, malnourishment during nursing mice induced decreased levels of Fgf21 mRNA in the liver and decreased levels of FGF21 in the serum. RNA-seq analysis of neonatal mouse brain tissue revealed that FGF21 controlled the expression of Kalrn-201 in the neonatal mouse brain. Kalrn-201 is a transcript of Kalirin, a Ras homologous guanine nucleotide exchange factor at the synapse. In mouse neurons, FGF21 induced the expression of Kalirin-7 (a Kalirin isoform) by down-regulating Kalrn-201. FGF21-induced Kalirin-7 stimulated neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells. FGF21 also induced Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) expression in Neuro-2a cells. Kalirin-7 and GHRH expression induced by FGF21 was altered by inhibiting the activity of SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) which is located downstream of the FGF receptor (FGFR). Additionally, malnourished nursing induced intron retention of the SHP2 gene (Ptpn11), resulting in the alteration of Kalirin-7 and GHRH expression by FGF21 signaling. Ptpn11 intron retention is suggested to be involved in regulating SHP2 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that FGF21 plays a critical role in the induction of neuronal neurite outgrowth and GHRH secretion in the neonatal brain, and this mechanism is regulated by SHP2. Thus, Ptpn11 intron retention induced by malnourished nursing may be involved in SHP2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan.
| | - Mana Oikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Taiga Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Ai Shinomiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
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Garofoli F, Civardi E, Pisoni C, Angelini M, Ghirardello S. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergic Properties of Colostrum from Mothers of Full-Term and Preterm Babies: The Importance of Maternal Lactation in the First Days. Nutrients 2023; 15:4249. [PMID: 37836533 PMCID: PMC10574092 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our narrative review focuses on colostrum components, particularly those that influence the neonatal immune system of newborns. Colostrum is secreted in small volumes by the alveolar cells of the breast during the first two to five days after birth. Colostrum is poor in fat and carbohydrates, with larger protein and bioactive compounds than mature milk. It plays a crucial role in driving neonates' immunity, transferring those immunological factors which help the correct development of the neonatal immune system and support establishing a healthy gut microbiome. The newborn has an innate and adaptive immune system deficiency, with a consequent increase in infection susceptibility. In particular, neonates born prematurely have reduced immunological competencies due to an earlier break in the maternal trans-placenta transfer of bioactive components, such as maternal IgG antibodies. Moreover, during pregnancy, starting from the second trimester, maternal immune cells are conveyed to the fetus and persist in small quantities post-natal, whereby this transfer is known as microchimerism (MMc). Thus, preterm newborns are deficient in this maternal heritage, and have their own immune system under-developed, but colostrum can compensate for the lack. Early breastfeeding, which should be strongly encouraged in mothers of preterm and full-term babies, provides those immunomodulant compounds that can act as a support, allowing the newborn to face immune needs, including fronting infections and establishing tolerance. Moreover, making mothers aware that administering colostrum helps their infants in building a healthy immune system is beneficial to sustain them in the difficult post-partum period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Civardi
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.G.); (C.P.); (M.A.); (S.G.)
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Poblete RA, Yaceczko S, Aliakbar R, Saini P, Hazany S, Breit H, Louie SG, Lyden PD, Partikian A. Optimization of Nutrition after Brain Injury: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2551. [PMID: 37760993 PMCID: PMC10526443 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging science continues to establish the detrimental effects of malnutrition in acute neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, status epilepticus and anoxic brain injury. The primary pathological pathways responsible for secondary brain injury include neuroinflammation, catabolism, immune suppression and metabolic failure, and these are exacerbated by malnutrition. Given this, there is growing interest in novel nutritional interventions to promote neurological recovery after acute brain injury. In this review, we will describe how malnutrition impacts the biomolecular mechanisms of secondary brain injury in acute neurological disorders, and how nutritional status can be optimized in both pediatric and adult populations. We will further highlight emerging therapeutic approaches, including specialized diets that aim to resolve neuroinflammation, immunodeficiency and metabolic crisis, by providing pre-clinical and clinical evidence that their use promotes neurologic recovery. Using nutrition as a targeted treatment is appealing for several reasons that will be discussed. Given the high mortality and both short- and long-term morbidity associated with acute brain injuries, novel translational and clinical approaches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A. Poblete
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Shelby Yaceczko
- UCLA Health, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 345, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - Raya Aliakbar
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Pravesh Saini
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Saman Hazany
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Hannah Breit
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Patrick D. Lyden
- Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Arthur Partikian
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 2010 Zonal Avenue, Building B, 3P61, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
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Kopaeva MY, Azieva AM, Cherepov AB, Zarayskaya IY. Lactoferrin Modulates Induction of Transcription Factor c-Fos in Neuronal Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098373. [PMID: 37176079 PMCID: PMC10179438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein from the transferrin family. Of particular interest is the ability of Lf to affect a wide range of neuronal processes by modulating the expression of genes involved in long-term neuroplasticity. The expression of the immediate early gene c-fos that is rapidly activated in response to external influences, and its product, transcription factor c-Fos, is widely used as a marker of long-term neuronal plasticity. The present study aims to examine the effect of human Lf on the induction of transcription factor c-Fos in the primary mouse neuronal cultures after stimulation and to determine the cellular localization of human Lf and its colocalization with induced c-Fos protein. Primary dissociated cultures of hippocampal cells were obtained from the brains of newborn C57BL/6 mice (P0-P1). On day 7 of culturing, human Lf was added to the medium. After 24 h (day 8 in culture), c-Fos protein was induced in cells by triple application of 50 mM KCl. c-Fos content was analyzed using the immunofluorescent method 2 h after stimulation. Stimulation promoted exogenous Lf translocation into the nuclei of cultured neuronal cells, which correlated with increased induction of transcription factor c-Fos and was accompanied by nuclear colocalization of these proteins. These results attest to the potential of Lf as a modulator of neuronal processes and open up new prospects in studying the mechanisms of the regulatory effects of lactoferrin on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yu Kopaeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Asya M Azieva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton B Cherepov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Zarayskaya
- Research Institute of Normal Physiology Named after P.K. Anokhin, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
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Ianiro G, D'Ezio V, Carpinelli L, Casella C, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Rosa L, Valenti P, Colasanti M, Musci G, Cutone A, Persichini T. Iron Saturation Drives Lactoferrin Effects on Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity Induced by HIV-1 Tat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097947. [PMID: 37175651 PMCID: PMC10178013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is involved in virus replication and infection and can promote oxidative stress in human astroglial cells. In response, host cells activate transcription of antioxidant genes, including a subunit of System Xc- cystine/glutamate antiporter which, in turn, can trigger glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. Here, we present data on the efficacy of bovine Lactoferrin (bLf), both in its native (Nat-bLf) and iron-saturated (Holo-bLf) forms, in counteracting oxidative stress in U373 human astroglial cells constitutively expressing the viral protein (U373-Tat). Our results show that, dependent on iron saturation, both Nat-bLf and Holo-bLf can boost host antioxidant response by up-regulating System Xc- and the cell iron exporter Ferroportin via the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway, thus reducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-mediated lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in astrocytes. In U373-Tat cells, both forms of bLf restore the physiological internalization of Transferrin (Tf) Receptor 1, the molecular gate for Tf-bound iron uptake. The involvement of astrocytic antioxidant response in Tat-mediated neurotoxicity was evaluated in co-cultures of U373-Tat with human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. The results show that the Holo-bLf exacerbates Tat-induced excitotoxicity on SH-SY5Y, which is directly dependent on System-Xc- upregulation, thus highlighting the mechanistic role of iron in the biological activities of the glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Ianiro
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Veronica D'Ezio
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Casella
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Colasanti
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Musci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
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Artym J, Zimecki M. Colostrum Proteins in Protection against Therapy-Induced Injuries in Cancer Chemo- and Radiotherapy: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010114. [PMID: 36672622 PMCID: PMC9856106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the benefits of application of colostrum and colostrum-derived proteins in animal models and clinical trials that include chemotherapy with antimetabolic drugs, radiotherapy and surgical interventions. A majority of the reported investigations was performed with bovine colostrum (BC) and native bovine or recombinant human lactoferrin (LF), applied alone, in nutraceutics or in combination with probiotics. Apart from reducing side effects of the applied therapeutics, radiation and surgical procedures, BC and LF augmented their efficacy and improved the wellness of patients. In conclusion, colostrum and colostrum proteins, preferably administered with probiotic bacteria, are highly recommended for inclusion to therapeutic protocols in cancer chemo- and radiotherapy as well as during the surgical treatment of cancer patients.
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