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Titus C, Hoque MT, Bendayan R. PPAR agonists for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:9-23. [PMID: 38065777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [PPARs; PPARα, PPARβ/δ (also known as PPARδ), and PPARγ] widely recognized for their important role in glucose/lipid homeostasis, have recently received significant attention due to their additional anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Several newly developed PPAR agonists have shown high selectivity for specific PPAR isoforms in vitro and in vivo, offering the potential to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes while reducing the risk of adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the latest preclinical and clinical studies of the activation of PPARs by synthetic, natural, and isoform-specific (full, partial, and dual) agonists for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celene Titus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Md Tozammel Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Reina Bendayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
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2
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Fusse EJ, Scarante FF, Vicente MA, Marrubia MM, Turcato F, Scomparin DS, Ribeiro MA, Figueiredo MJ, Brigante TAV, Guimarães FS, Campos AC. Anxiogenic doses of rapamycin prevent URB597-induced anti-stress effects in socially defeated mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137519. [PMID: 37852528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to psychosocial stress modulates the endocannabinoid system, particularly anandamide (AEA) signaling in brain regions associated with emotional distress. The mTOR protein regulates various neuroplastic processes in the brain disrupted by stress, including adult hippocampal neurogenesis. This kinase has been implicated in multiple effects of cannabinoid drugs and the anti-stress behavioral effects of psychoactive drugs. Therefore, our hypothesis is that enhancing AEA signaling via pharmacological inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme induces an anti-stress behavioral effect through an mTOR-dependent mechanism. To test this hypothesis, male C57Bl6 mice were exposed to social defeat stress (SDS) for 7 days and received daily treatment with either vehicle or different doses of the FAAH inhibitor, URB597 (0.1; 0.3; 1 mg/Kg), alone or combined with rapamycin. The results suggested that URB597 induced an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve in mice subjected to SDS (with the intermediate dose of 0.3 mg/kg being anxiolytic, and the higher tested dose of 1 mg/Kg being anxiogenic). In a second independent experiment, rapamycin treatment induced an anxiogenic-like response in control mice. However, in the presence of rapamycin, the anxiolytic dose of URB597 treatment failed to reduce stress-induced anxiety behaviors in mice. SDS exposure altered the hippocampal expression of the mTOR scaffold protein Raptor. Furthermore, the anxiogenic dose of URB597 decreased the absolute number of migrating doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus, suggesting an anti-anxiety effect independent of newly generated/immature neurons. Therefore, our results indicate that in mice exposed to repeated psychosocial stress, URB597 fails to counteract the anxiogenic-like response induced by the pharmacological dampening of mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Fusse
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Franciele F Scarante
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria A Vicente
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Marrubia
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia Turcato
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Davi S Scomparin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Melissa A Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria J Figueiredo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamires A V Brigante
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alline C Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Egoraeva A, Tyrtyshnaia A, Ponomarenko A, Ivashkevich D, Sultanov R, Manzhulo I. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid N-Acylethanolamines Mediated by Macrophage Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Inflammation 2023; 46:2306-2319. [PMID: 37490220 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying the anti-inflammatory activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides (N-acylethanolamines, NAE), which are highly active lipid mediators. The results of this study demonstrate that a dietary supplement (DS) of fatty acid-derived NAEs reduces LPS-induced inflammation. The processes of cell proliferation, as well as the dynamics of Iba-1-, CD68-, and CD163-positive macrophage activity within the thymus and spleen were studied. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1β, IL6, and INFγ), ROS, NO, and nitrites was evaluated in the blood serum, thymus, and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that DS (1) prevents LPS-induced changes in the morphological structure of the thymus and spleen; (2) levels out changes in cell proliferation; (3) inhibits the activity of Iba-1 and CD68-positive cells; (4) reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1β, IL6, and INFγ), ROS, and CD68; and (5) enhances the activity of CD-163-positive cells. In general, the results of this study demonstrate the complex effect of DS on inflammatory processes in the central and peripheral immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Egoraeva
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna Tyrtyshnaia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Arina Ponomarenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Darya Ivashkevich
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ruslan Sultanov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia.
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Shao Y, Fu Z, Wang Y, Yang Z, Lin Y, Li S, Cheng C, Wei M, Liu Z, Xu G, Le W. A metabolome atlas of mouse brain on the global metabolic signature dynamics following short-term fasting. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:334. [PMID: 37679319 PMCID: PMC10484938 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) or a fasting regimen is considered one of the most potent non-pharmacological interventions to prevent chronic metabolic disorders, ameliorate autoimmune diseases, and attenuate aging. Despite efforts, the mechanisms by which CR improves health, particularly brain health, are still not fully understood. Metabolic homeostasis is vital for brain function, and a detailed metabolome atlas of the brain is essential for understanding the networks connecting different brain regions. Herein, we applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics, covering 797 structurally annotated metabolites, to investigate the metabolome of seven brain regions in fasted (3, 6, 12, and 24 h) and ad libitum fed mice. Using multivariate and univariate statistical techniques, we generated a metabolome atlas of mouse brain on the global metabolic signature dynamics across multiple brain regions following short-term fasting (STF). Significant metabolic differences across brain regions along with STF-triggered region-dependent metabolic remodeling were identified. We found that STF elicited triacylglycerol degradation and lipolysis to compensate for energy demand under fasting conditions. Besides, changes in amino acid profiles were observed, which may play crucial roles in the regulation of energy metabolism, neurotransmitter signaling, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in response to STF. Additionally, this study reported, for the first time, that STF triggers a significant elevation of N-acylethanolamines, a class of neuroprotective lipids, in the brain and liver. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis and mechanisms of CR and offer a comprehensive resource for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Shao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, 116021, Dalian, China.
| | - Zhenfa Fu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, 116021, Dalian, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, 116021, Dalian, China
| | - Yushan Lin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, 116021, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, 116021, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, 116021, Dalian, China
| | - Min Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, 116021, Dalian, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, 116023, Dalian, China.
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 193 Lianhe Road, 116021, Dalian, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Medical School of UESTC, 611731, Chengdu, China.
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Wu X, Gao Y, Shi C, Tong J, Ma D, Shen J, Yang J, Ji M. Complement C1q drives microglia-dependent synaptic loss and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Neuropharmacology 2023; 237:109646. [PMID: 37356797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Activated microglia and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines result in neuroinflammatory status which further damage neurological function including cognitive impairments in various neurological conditions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms during these pathological processing remain unknown. In the current study, mice received intraperitoneal administrations of LPS (0.5 mg/kg, daily, Escherichia coli O55:B5) for seven consecutive days and their different cohorts were used for behavioral assessment with open field, Y maze, and novel object recognition test or for electrophysiology recordings of mEPSC, LFP or LTP in in vivo or ex vivo preparation. The hippocampus from some cohorts were harvested for immunostaining or Western blotting of c1q, Iba-1, CD68, PSD95 and dendritic spine density or for transcriptome and proteomics analysis. Repeated LPS injections induced an up-regulation of complement system protein c1q and distinct microglial phenotype with an enrichment of the complement-phagosome pathway. Microglial synaptic engulfment and profound synaptic loss were found. These pathological changes were accompanied with the significantly decreased excitatory synaptic transmission, disturbed theta oscillations, impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation, and cognitive impairments. Notably, neutralization of c1q signaling robustly prevented these changes. Collectively, our data provide evidence that activated microglia and complement cascade c1q signaling in the hippocampus may account for synaptic loss and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of neuroinflammation induced by repeated LPS injections. Our work implicates that complement system may be a therapeutic target for developing therapies to prevent or treat cognitive disorders related to neuroinflammation or other disease conditions including neurodegenerative disease per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuina Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jinchun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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