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Basuray N, Deehan EC, Vieira FT, Avedzi HM, Duke RL, Colín-Ramírez E, Tun HM, Zhang Z, Wine E, Madsen KL, Field CJ, Haqq AM. Dichotomous effect of dietary fiber in pediatrics: a narrative review of the health benefits and tolerance of fiber. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:557-568. [PMID: 38480843 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fibers are associated with favorable gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic health outcomes when consumed at sufficient levels. Despite the well-described benefits of dietary fibers, children and adolescents continue to fall short of daily recommended levels. This gap in fiber intake (i.e., "fiber gap") might increase the risk of developing early-onset pediatric obesity and obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus into adulthood. The structure-dependent physicochemical properties of dietary fiber are diverse. Differences in solubility, viscosity, water-holding capacity, binding capability, bulking effect, and fermentability influence the physiological effects of dietary fibers that aid in regulating appetite, glycemic and lipidemic responses, and inflammation. Of growing interest is the fermentation of fibers by the gut microbiota, which yields both beneficial and less favorable end-products such as short-chain fatty acids (e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) that impart metabolic and immunomodulatory properties, and gases (e.g., hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane) that cause gastrointestinal symptoms, respectively. This narrative review summarizes (1) the implications of fibers on the gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of pediatric obesity, (2) some factors that potentially contribute to the fiber gap with an emphasis on undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms, (3) some methods to alleviate fiber-induced symptoms, and (4) the therapeutic potential of whole foods and commonly marketed fiber supplements for improved health in pediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Basuray
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Edward C Deehan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Flávio T Vieira
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hayford M Avedzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reena L Duke
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hein M Tun
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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Liu Y, Wang X, Liu Y. Association of serum total IgE and allergen-specific IgE with insulin resistance in adolescents: an analysis of the NHANES database. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:332. [PMID: 38745118 PMCID: PMC11092217 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have found that total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and allergen-specific IgE were associated with some metabolic diseases. However, the role of IgE in metabolism among adolescents is still unclear. Herein, this study aims to investigate the associations of serum total IgE and allergen-specific IgE with insulin resistance (IR) in adolescents, in order to provide some reference for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases in a young age. METHODS Data of 870 adolescents were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in 2005-2006 in this cross-sectional study. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to screen covariates and explore the relationships of serum total IgE and allergen-specific IgE with IR. The evaluation indexes were odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In addition, these relationships were also assessed in subgroups of allergy history, asthma history, and number of allergens. RESULTS Among eligible adolescents, 168 had IR. No significant association between serum total IgE level and IR was found. However, adolescents with higher level of allergen-specific IgE to rye grass [OR = 0.47, 95%CI: (0.25-0.91)], white oak [OR = 0.57, 95%CI: (0.37-0.88)], or peanut [OR = 0.38, 95%CI: (0.15-0.97)] seemed to have lower odds of IR, whereas those had higher level of shrimp-specific IgE [OR = 2.65, 95%CI: (1.21-5.84)] have increased odds of IR. In addition, these associations between allergen-specific IgE and IR were also discovered in adolescents who had allergy history or asthma history, or had different numbers of allergens. CONCLUSION Paying attention to different allergens in adolescents may be important in the early identification of IR among this high-risk population. The study results relatively provided some reference for further exploration on IR prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Department of Child Health Care Clinic, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, 116031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Child Health Care Clinic, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning, 116031, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Hematologic Laboratory of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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3
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Gökçay G, Eryilmaz SE, Küçük F. The impact of social media addiction on healthy lifestyle beliefs in adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 76:e85-e92. [PMID: 38307755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine the impact of social media addiction on healthy lifestyle beliefs in adolescents. METHOD The study is a descriptive correlational study. The study was conducted with 722 students at middle and high school levels in a city in the eastern part of Turkey. Data were collected using the Socio-Demographic Information Form, Short Form of Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents, Adolescent Healthy Lifestyle Belief Scale. The data were reported using numbers, percentages, means, standard values, linear and hierarchical regression. RESULTS The mean age of adolescents was 14.44 ± 2.62 and their body mass index was 20.16 ± 3.72. Adolescents scored 14.43 ± 2.63 on the social media addiction scale and 55.23 ± 16.80 on the healthy lifestyle belief scale. Social media addiction explains 8.9% of the total variance in healthy lifestyle beliefs. An increase in social media addiction was found to have a statistically significant effect on healthy lifestyle beliefs. The model established for the impact of age, weight, height, and BMI added to social media addiction on healthy lifestyle beliefs was significant, and the explanatory power of the model was 11.6%. CONCLUSION It was concluded that social media addiction has an impact on healthy lifestyle beliefs in adolescents and that creating awareness, maintaining balance, promoting alternative activities, and fostering family-school cooperation are important in this regard. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In order to increase healthy lifestyle beliefs in adolescents, it is necessary to reduce social media addiction levels. Nursing interventions to be implemented for this purpose are important in improving and protecting adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Gökçay
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Nursing, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Saliha Esra Eryilmaz
- Uşak University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Uşak, Turkey.
| | - Feyza Küçük
- Uşak University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Uşak, Turkey.
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4
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Wiśniewska-Ślepaczuk K, Żak-Kowalska K, Moskal A, Kowalski S, Al-Wathinani AM, Alhajlah M, Goniewicz K, Goniewicz M. Nutritional Profiles and Their Links to Insulin Resistance and Anthropometric Variables in a Female Cohort. Metabolites 2024; 14:252. [PMID: 38786729 PMCID: PMC11122850 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between dietary habits and metabolic health among women, emphasizing the role of anthropometric parameters as proxies for insulin resistance. We analyzed data from 443 women categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of clinically diagnosed insulin resistance. Our assessments included dietary quality, socio-demographic characteristics, and a series of anthropometric measurements such as body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Abdominal Volume Index (AVI), and Body Adiposity Index (BAI). The results indicated significant disparities in these parameters, with the insulin-resistant group exhibiting higher average body weight (78.92 kg vs. 65.04 kg, p < 0.001), BMI (28.45 kg/m2 vs. 23.17 kg/m2, p < 0.001), and other related measures, suggesting a strong influence of dietary patterns on body composition and metabolic risk. The study underscores the importance of dietary management in addressing insulin resistance, advocating for personalized dietary strategies to improve metabolic health outcomes in women. This approach highlights the need for integrating dietary changes with lifestyle modifications and socio-demographic considerations to combat metabolic risks effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Żak-Kowalska
- New Medical Techniques Specialist Hospital of the Holy Family, 36-060 Rudna Mała, Poland;
| | - Adrian Moskal
- Hospital Emergency Department, Voivodship Hospital in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Kowalski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Wathinani
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alhajlah
- Applied of Computer Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Krzysztof Goniewicz
- Department of Security Studies, Polish Air Force University, 08-521 Deblin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Goniewicz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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5
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Salas-González MD, Loria-Kohen V, Jiménez-Ortega AI, López-Sobaler AM. [Nutritional factors related to insulin resistance in children and adolescents]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:51-54. [PMID: 37929895 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin resistance is described as a defect in the binding of insulin to its receptor and is associated with several diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance has been linked to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, especially those involved in oxidative stress. The Mediterranean diet, a diet based on the Healthy Eating Index or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet are dietary patterns that have been associated with a lower risk of developing insulin resistance in children. Therefore, a diet rich in antioxidant vitamins and minerals, fiber, calcium, and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in free sugars, sodium and saturated fatty acids may decrease the risk of insulin resistance in this age group. In addition, other nutritional factors, such as avoiding fast food, eating dinner with the family, not eating while watching TV or eating a sufficient and healthy breakfast on a regular basis seem to be associated with a lower risk of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is important to establish balanced daily eating habits to prevent and treat insulin resistance in schoolchildren and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Salas-González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030)
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030)
| | | | - Ana M López-Sobaler
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030). IdISSC
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Calcaterra V, Gazzarri A, De Silvestri A, Madia C, Baldassarre P, Rossi V, Garella V, Zuccotti G. Thyroid function, sensitivity to thyroid hormones, and metabolic syndrome in euthyroid children and adolescents with Down syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2319-2325. [PMID: 37040064 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with Down Syndrome (DS) showed multiple comorbidities, including thyroid disorders, obesity, and metabolic derangement. Different thyroid hormone (THs) patterns and sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices (STHI) seem to be associated with metabolic disorders. The study's aim was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in pediatric patients affected by DS, taking into consideration the relationship between the metabolic parameters, THs and STHI. METHODS We enlisted 50 euthyroid patients with DS (9.03 ± 4.46). Clinical parameters, TSH, FT3, FT4 and the presence of MS were recorded. Indexes of peripheral sensitivity (FT3/FT4 ratio) and central sensitivity (TSH index, TSHI; TSH T4 resistance index, TT4RI; TSH T3 resistance index, TT3RI) were also detected. Thirty healthy subjects were included as a control group. RESULTS MS was detected in 12% of the subjects with DS. FT3, FT4, and TSH levels were higher in DS than in the control group (p < 0.01); higher levels of FT3/FT4 ratio, TSHI and TT3RI and lower TT4RI values (p < 0.01) were also detected. A significant correlation was detected between FT3 and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (R = 0.46), triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.37), total (r = 0.55) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = - 0.38), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = - 0.4); FT3/FT4 ratio and waist circumference (WC) (r = 0.36); TSHI and total (r = 0.30) and HDL cholesterol (r = - 0.31); TT4RI and HDL cholesterol (r = - 0.31); TT3RI and total (r = 0.39) and HDL cholesterol (r = - 032). CONCLUSION We confirmed a higher MS prevalence in children with DS compared to the control group. A significant association between THs, STHI, and the glucose and lipid metabolism parameters was detected supporting their role in metabolic alterations related to the DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20154, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Gazzarri
- Associazione Vivi Down Onlus, 20158, Milan, Italy
| | - A De Silvestri
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Madia
- Associazione Vivi Down Onlus, 20158, Milan, Italy
| | - P Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - V Rossi
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - V Garella
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - G Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
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7
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Giuriato M, Carnevale Pellino V, Cavallo C, Farronato L, Pirazzi A, Beghetto A, Gross F, Del Bianco M, Gatti A, Vandoni M, Lovecchio N. Physical fitness trend after COVID-19 restrictions in Italian school-aged children: a cross-sectional study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:995-1002. [PMID: 37259495 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical fitness (PF) is a marker of health in children. Muscular strength and speed-agility PF components play a crucial role in musculoskeletal development and bone health. The outbreaks of COVID-19 pandemic changed the daily and sports activities in younger increasing sedentary habits with a detrimental effect on PF. We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on PF in Italian school-aged children. METHODS We recruited 286 elementary school children, and they were tested through an internationally validated battery test, which evaluate muscular strength and speed-agility (as a multifactorial performance) prior (2018) and after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic (2021). RESULTS Our results showed a reduction in the lower limb strength (SBJ in boys mean difference (MD) -0.42 m; SBJ in girls MD=-0.20 m; P<0.05) and in the speed-agility ability (10x5 m in boys MD=14.1 s; 10x5 m in girls MD=11.2 s; P<0.05), while the upper limb strength remained steady before and after the restrictions. Specifically, for boys of all ages there was a reduction in lower limb strength and in speed-agility but not in upper limb strength. For girls of all ages there was not a recurrent trend, while for 6-8 girls there was a reduction only speed-agility, for 9-11 girls there was a reduction in lower limb and speed-agility. CONCLUSIONS Our results could be useful to help teachers and sport specialists to evaluate and improve strength and speed-agility in children. We encourage trainers and sport specialists to implement programs to help children to become more active and healthier during their lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giuriato
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavallo
- LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, Luxembourg
| | | | - Agnese Pirazzi
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Beghetto
- Swimming Center Rosà, Rosà, Vicenza, Italy
- Nuotopuntocom SRL, Vimercate, Monza-Brianza, Italy
| | | | - Marco Del Bianco
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Nuotopuntocom SRL, Vimercate, Monza-Brianza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy -
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Calcaterra V, Vandoni M, Marin L, Carnevale Pellino V, Rossi V, Gatti A, Patanè P, Cavallo C, Re F, Albanese I, Silvestri D, De Nunzio A, Zuccotti G. Exergames to Limit Weight Gain and to Fight Sedentarism in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:928. [PMID: 37371160 DOI: 10.3390/children10060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Exergames are defined as digital games that require bodily movements to play, stimulating an active gaming experience to function as a form of physical activity (PA). The players interact with the game through whole-body movements improving energy expenditure. Exergames may be effective in improving physical and psychological aspects of children and adolescents with obesity. In this narrative review, we synthesized the current evidence regarding the role of exergames in modifying body composition and weight and in promoting changes in sedentary behavior to define the benefits of active video games as useful tools for fighting sedentarism and to outline the future directions of exergaming as a supplementation exercise rather than a replacement in educational programs for pediatric obesity. Data from the literature indicate that exergames may offer an interesting impact on childhood obesity and may be considered a potential strategy for controlling weight gain and body composition, promote PA, and decrease time spent on sedentary behavior in children and adolescents with obesity. However, exergame use also has some limits, such as children's poor self-regulation and poor structuring of exergame use. Therefore, a prudent approach should be maintained, and additional high-quality research is needed to determine if exergames can be effectively used in the treatment of childhood obesity and if new digital media, as a supplementation of exercise rather than a replacement, could be considered to combat sedentary behavior in educational programs for pediatric obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pamela Patanè
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavallo
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Research and Development, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Avenue du Parc des Sports, 50, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Fabio Re
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Albanese
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta
| | - Alessandro De Nunzio
- Department of Research and Development, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Avenue du Parc des Sports, 50, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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9
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Divella R, Marino G, Infusino S, Lanotte L, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Gadaleta-Caldarola G. The Mediterranean Lifestyle to Contrast Low-Grade Inflammation Behavior in Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:1667. [PMID: 37049508 PMCID: PMC10096668 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The main reasons for people being overweight or obese are having bad eating habits and not moving around enough. Maintaining weight in the normal range may be one of the best things to avoid cancer. It has been scientifically proven that those who perform regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Moving regularly not only helps to maintain a normal body weight, avoiding the effects that favor tumor growth in overweight subjects, but also makes the immune system more resistant by counteracting the growth of tumor cells. Physical activity also helps prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, it is highlighted that the association between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity triggers biological mechanisms capable of counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation found in patients with cancer. This assumes that healthy lifestyles associated with cancer therapies can improve the expectations and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
| | - Graziella Marino
- Department of Breast Unit—Centro d Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS-CROB, Via Padre Pio 1, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Stefania Infusino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “SS Annunziata”, Via Felice Migliori 1, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
| | - Gaia Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari, Università di Parma, Via Delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
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10
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Effects of Endurance Exercise Intensities on Autonomic and Metabolic Controls in Children with Obesity: A Feasibility Study Employing Online Exercise Training. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041054. [PMID: 36839416 PMCID: PMC9963256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is one of the major determinants of a healthy lifestyle, which is particularly important in childhood and serves as a powerful preventive tool. On the other hand, obesity and arterial hypertension rates are increasing in children, representing a huge risk for developing major cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adult life. Of fundamental importance is the modality and volume of exercise required to obtain benefits. In this feasibility study, we considered a group of obese children, studied before and after a 12-week online exercise training program, and subdivided the participants into two groups considering the volume of exercise performed (above or below 1200 MET·min/week). This threshold level was applied in two different ways: subdivision A considered the total weekly physical activity volume (considering both time spent walking for at least 10 min consecutively and time spent performing structured exercise) and subdivision B considered only the weekly volume of structured exercise. We assessed autonomic and metabolic control and auxological and lifestyle parameters. We observed that the improved volume of structured exercise was associated with reduced arterial pressure percentile only in subdivision B and an improvement in markers of vagal and metabolic control was evident. Moreover, the 12-week online exercise training program, defined considering individual fitness level and progressively adapted as the goal was reached, proved to be sustainable from an economical and organizational point of view.
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