Association of Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Steelworkers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index Predict Prehypertension Progression and Regression: A Prospective Cohort Study Involving Middle-Aged and Older Adults

BACKGROUND

Limited data are published on the relationship of the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) with prehypertension progression or regression. Therefore, we investigated this association through the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

METHODS

Participants with prehypertension were assigned to two groups according to baseline CVAI, and after 4 years of follow-up, their blood pressure was analyzed for deterioration or improvement. We constructed logistic regression models for assessing the association of CVAI with the progression or regression of prehypertension. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was utilized for determining the dose-response association. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.

RESULTS

The study included 2,057 participants with prehypertension. During the follow-up, 695 participants progressed to hypertension, 561 participants regressed to normotension, and 801 participants remained as prehypertensive. An association was observed between a high CVAI value and a higher incidence of progression to hypertension and between a high CVAI value and a lower incidence of regression to normotension (OR = 1.66 and 0.58, 95% CI: 1.35-2.05 and 0.47-0.73, respectively). The RCS model exhibited a linear association between CVAI and prehypertension progression and regression (all P for non-linear > 0.05). The results of the subgroup and sensitivity analyses agreed with those of the primary analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

A significant association was noted between CVAI and prehypertension progression and regression. Thus, as part of the hypertension prevention strategy, monitoring CVAI is crucial in individuals with prehypertension.

Association between chinese visceral adiposity index and risk of kidney stones in a health screening population: an ultrasonography based cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Obesity is an important risk factor for kidney stones(KS). Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI), as a specific indicator for visceral obesity in the Chinese population, can more accurately assess the visceral fat content in Chinese individuals compared to Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). However, the association between CVAI and risk for KS has not been studied.

METHODS

A total of 97,645 participants from a health screening cohort underwent ultrasound examinations for the diagnosis of kidney stones, along with measurements of their CVAI. Logistic regressions were utilized to determine the relationship between different quartiles of CVAI and the incidence of kidney stones. Simultaneously, subgroup analysis and the computation of dose-response curves were employed to pinpoint susceptible populations.

RESULTS

Among the participants, 2,888 individuals (3.0%) were diagnosed with kidney stones. The mean CVAI values ± standard deviation for the four groups were: Q1 (18.42 ± 19.64), Q2 (65.24 ± 10.39), Q3 (98.20 ± 9.11), and Q4 (140.40 ± 21.73). In the fully adjusted multivariable model, CVAI was positively correlated with urolithiasis (OR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.000, 1.002). Compared with the first quartile of CVAI, the population in the fourth quartile of CVAI had a higher prevalence of kidney stones (OR = 1.231; 95% CI = 1.066, 1.415). Through subgroup analysis, a positive correlation between CVAI and the risk of kidney stones was found in non-smokers (OR = 1.001, 95%CI:1.000, 1.002), non-drinkers (OR = 1.001, 95%CI:1.000, 1.002), non-hypertensive subgroups (OR = 1.003, 95%CI:1.002, 1.003), and non-diabetes subgroups (OR = 1.001, 95%CI:1.000, 1.002).

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that CVAI could be a reliable and effective biomarker for assessing the potential risk of kidney stone prevalence, with significant implications for the primary prevention of kidney stones and public health.

Chinese visceral adiposity index and its transition patterns: impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a national cohort study

BACKGROUND

Obesity affects approximately 800 million people worldwide and may contribute to various diseases, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions. Fat distribution and content represent two related yet distinct axes determining the impact of adipose tissue on health. Unlike traditional fat measurement indices, which often overlook fat distribution, the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) is a novel metric used to assess visceral fat accumulation and associated health risks. Our objective is to evaluate its association with the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

METHODS

A nationwide longitudinal study spanning 9 years was conducted to investigate both the effects of baseline CVAI levels (classified as low and high) and dynamic changes in CVAI over time, including maintenance of low CVAI, transition from low to high, transition from high to low, and maintenance of high CVAI. Continuous scales (restricted cubic spline curves) and categorical scales (Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression analyses) were utilized to evaluate the relationship between CVAI and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate potential variations.

RESULTS

Totally 1761 individuals (22.82%) experienced primary outcomes among 7717 participants. In the fully adjusted model, for each standard deviation increase in CVAI, there was a significant increase in the risk of primary outcomes [1.20 (95%CI: 1.14-1.27)], particularly pronounced in the high CVAI group [1.38 (95%CI: 1.25-1.54)] compared to low CVAI group. Regarding transition patterns, individuals who consistently maintained high CVAI demonstrated the highest risk ratio compared to those who consistently maintained low CVAI [1.51 (95%CI: 1.31-1.74)], followed by individuals transitioning from low to high CVAI [1.22 (95% CI: 1.01-1.47)]. Analysis of restricted cubic spline curves indicated a positive dose-response relationship between CVAI and risk of primary outcomes (p for non-linear = 0.596). Subgroup analyses results suggest that middle-aged individuals with high CVAI face a notably greater risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in contrast to elderly individuals [1.75 (95% CI: 1.53-1.99)].

CONCLUSION

This study validates a significant association between baseline levels of CVAI and its dynamic changes with the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Vigilant monitoring and effective management of CVAI significantly contribute to early prevention and risk stratification of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Dose-response association between Chinese visceral adiposity index and cardiovascular disease: a national prospective cohort study

Background

Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) is a reliable visceral obesity index, but the association between CVAI and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We explored the associations of CVAI with incident CVD, heart disease, and stroke and compared the predictive power of CVAI with other obesity indices based on a national cohort study.

Methods

The present study included 7,439 participants aged ≥45 years from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cox regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic splines analyses were adopted to model the dose-response associations. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to compare the predictive ability of different obesity indices (CVAI, visceral adiposity index [VAI], a body shape index [ABSI], conicity index [CI], waist circumference [WC], and body mass index [BMI]).

Results

During 7 years' follow-up, 1,326 incident CVD, 1,032 incident heart disease, and 399 stroke cases were identified. The HRs (95% CI) of CVD, heart disease, and stroke were 1.50 (1.25-1.79), 1.29 (1.05-1.57), and 2.45 (1.74-3.45) for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 in CVAI. Linear associations of CVAI with CVD, heart disease, and stroke were observed (P nonlinear >0.05) and per-standard deviation (SD) increase was associated with 17% (HR 1.17, 1.10-1.24), 12% (1.12, 1.04-1.20), and 31% (1.31, 1.18-1.46) increased risk, respectively. Per-SD increase in CVAI conferred higher risk in participants aged<60 years than those aged ≥60 years (P interaction<0.05). ROC analyses showed that CVAI had higher predictive value than other obesity indices (P<0.05).

Conclusions

CVAI was linearly associated with risk of CVD, heart disease, and stroke and had best performance for predicting incident CVD. Our findings indicate CVAI as a reliable and applicable obesity index to identify higher risk of CVD.

Association between healthy eating and depression symptoms among Chinese older adults: A cross-sectional study based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity survey

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the healthy eating index (HEI) and depression symptoms in an older adult population using the Chinese Longevity Health Survey.

Methods

The HEI was constructed based on the frequency of intake of 13 dietary variables, with higher scores indicating better diet quality. Depression symptoms was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 scale. We used multivariate binary logistic regression to explore the association between the HEI and depression symptoms and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI).

Results

A total of 12,078 older adults were included. The average HEI for this group of older adults was 26.4 ± 7.1. After adjusting for covariates, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of a healthy eating index, those in the second to the fourth quartile group had a 0.93- (95 % CI: 0.83 to 1.03), 0.84- (95 % CI: 0.75 to 0.95) and 0.69- (95 % CI: 0.62 to 0.77) fold risk of depression symptoms, respectively. Restricted cubic spline curves showed that the risk of depression symptoms decreased with increasing HEI, especially above 26, and for each unit increase in the HEI, the risk of depression symptoms in older adults decreased by 3 % (OR = 0.97; 95 % CI: 0.96 to 0.99).

Conclusions

This study found an association between higher levels of the HEI and reduced risk of depression symptoms in older Chinese adults. This result emphasizes the need to focus on dietary diversity in older adults to promote healthy aging.

Comparison of seven surrogate insulin resistance indexes for predicting the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in normal-weight individuals

Introduction

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between surrogate insulin resistance (IR) indexes and carotid atherosclerosis (CA) in normal-weight populations, as well as compared their ability to predict CA.

Method

A total of 26,795 middle-aged and older adult individuals with normal body weights were included. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), TyG-body mass index, TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), visceral adiposity index, Chinese VAI (CVAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) were determined using established formulas. The associations between these surrogate indexes and CA were assessed using logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to compare the performance of these indexes for predicting CA.

Result

The levels of all seven surrogate indexes of IR were significantly higher in normal-weight individuals with CA than in those without CA (p < 0.001). In the full-adjusted model, only CVAI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and LAP were significantly associated with CA, with the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of CA being 1.25 (1.20-1.30), 1.18 (1.14-1.23), 1.20 (1.16-1.25) and 1.25 (1.18-1.32) for each one standard deviation increase in CVAI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and LAP, respectively. RCS analysis revealed a significant increase in the prevalence of CA among normal-weight individuals with CVAI >89.83, LAP >28.91, TyG-WHtR >4.42 and TyG-WC >704.93. The area under the curve for CVAI was significantly greater than for other indexes (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

CVAI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and LAP were independently associated with the prevalence of CA. Specifically, CVAI may be the most appropriate predictor of CA in normal-weight individuals.

Elevated Chinese visceral adiposity index increases the risk of stroke in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome

Introduction

Patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) are considered at high-risk for incident stroke. An indicator of visceral adiposity dysfunction, the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) is used to evaluate the dysfunction of visceral fat. Given the impact of visceral adiposity dysfunction on elevating cardiovascular hazards, this study aimed to examine the association between CVAI and stroke risk in MetS patients.

Method

Between November 2017 and December 2018, a total of 18,974 individuals aged ≥40 underwent standardized in-person clinical interviews in Hunan Province, with 6,732 meeting the criteria for MetS. After the baseline survey was completed, subsequent surveys were conducted biennially. The study was split into two stages performed at baseline and after two years. During the former, receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to assess the accuracy of using baseline CVAI in diagnosing MetS. After two years, we examined the association between CVAI and incident stroke in MetS patients using logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.

Result

As evidenced by a higher AUC (AUC:0.741), CVAI demonstrated superior diagnostic performance relative to body mass index (AUC:0.631) and waist circumference (AUC:0.627) in diagnosing MetS. After a 2-year follow-up, 72 MetS patients had a stroke event. There was a robust positive correlation between incident stroke and CVAI in patients with MetS. Each 1 SD increase in CVAI was associated with a 1.52-fold higher risk of stroke after adjustment for confounding factors (aOR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.18-1.95). The RCS demonstrated a reduced risk of stroke for MetS patients when the CVAI was below 110.91. However, no significant correlation was detected between CVAI and stroke in non-MetS patients.

Conclusion

Our findings recommend CVAI as a superior screening tool for detecting MetS and suggest that reducing CVAI can mitigate the risk of stroke in patients with MetS.