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Fu Y, Wang Q, Tang Z, Liu G, Guan G, Lyu J. Cordycepin Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Modulating Endogenous Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2859. [PMID: 39275176 PMCID: PMC11396883 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous metabolic illnesses have obesity as a risk factor. The composition of the gut microbiota and endogenous metabolism are important factors in the onset and progression of obesity. Recent research indicates that cordycepin (CRD), derived from fungi, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, showing potential in combating obesity. However, further investigation is required to delineate its precise impacts on endogenous metabolism and gut microbiota. METHODS In this work, male C57BL/6J mice were used as models of obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) and given CRD. Mice's colon, liver, and adipose tissues were stained with H&E. Serum metabolome analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing elucidated the effects of CRD on HFD-induced obese mice and identified potential mediators for its anti-obesity effects. RESULTS CRD intervention alleviated HFD-induced intestinal inflammation, improved blood glucose levels, and reduced fat accumulation. Furthermore, CRD supplementation demonstrated the ability to modulate endogenous metabolic disorders by regulating the levels of key metabolites, including DL-2-aminooctanoic acid, inositol, and 6-deoxyfagomine. CRD influenced the abundance of important microbiota such as Parasutterella, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Alistipes, unclassified_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, and unclassified_Muribaculaceae, ultimately leading to the modulation of endogenous metabolism and the amelioration of gut microbiota disorders. CONCLUSIONS According to our research, CRD therapies show promise in regulating fat accumulation and stabilizing blood glucose levels. Furthermore, through the modulation of gut microbiota composition and key metabolites, CRD interventions have the dual capacity to prevent and ameliorate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Fu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiangfeng Wang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zihan Tang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guiping Guan
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jin Lyu
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
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Bandala C, Carro-Rodríguez J, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Peña-Montero I, Gómez-López M, Hernández-Roldán AP, Huerta-Cruz JC, Muñoz-González F, Ignacio-Mejía I, Domínguez B, Lara-Padilla E. Comparative Effects of Gymnema sylvestre and Berberine on Adipokines, Body Composition, and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2284. [PMID: 39064727 PMCID: PMC11280467 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre (GS) and berberine (BBR) are natural products that have demonstrated therapeutic potential for the management of obesity and its comorbidities, as effective and safe alternatives to synthetic drugs. Although their anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic properties have been widely studied, comparative research on their impact on the gene expression of adipokines, such as resistin (Res), omentin (Ome), visfatin (Vis) and apelin (Ap), has not been reported. METHODOLOGY We performed a comparative study in 50 adult Mexican patients with obesity treated with GS or BBR for 3 months. The baseline and final biochemical parameters, body composition, blood pressure, gene expression of Res, Ome, Vis, and Ap, and safety parameters were evaluated. RESULTS BBR significantly decreased (p < 0.05) body weight, blood pressure and Vis and Ap gene expression and increased Ome, while GS decreased fasting glucose and Res gene expression (p < 0.05). A comparative analysis of the final measurements revealed a lower gene expression of Ap and Vis (p < 0.05) in patients treated with BBR than in those treated with GS. The most frequent adverse effects in both groups were gastrointestinal symptoms, which attenuated during the first month of treatment. CONCLUSION In patients with obesity, BBR has a better effect on body composition, blood pressure, and the gene expression of adipokines related to metabolic risk, while GS has a better effect on fasting glucose and adipokines related to insulin resistance, with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bandala
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
| | - Jazmín Carro-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
| | | | - Itzel Peña-Montero
- Laboratorio de Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (I.P.-M.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Modesto Gómez-López
- Laboratorio de Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (I.P.-M.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Ana Paola Hernández-Roldán
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
| | - Juan Carlos Huerta-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación en Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosio Villegas, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Felipe Muñoz-González
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Iván Ignacio-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados en Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City 11200, Mexico;
| | - Brayan Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (I.P.-M.); (M.G.-L.)
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Dinicola S, Unfer V, Soulage CO, Margarita Yap-Garcia MI, Bevilacqua A, Benvenga S, Barbaro D, Wdowiak A, Nordio M, Dewailly D, Appetecchia M, Aragona C, Bezerra Espinola MS, Bizzarri M, Cavalli P, Colao A, D’Anna R, Vazquez-Levin MH, Marin IH, Kamenov Z, Laganà AS, Monastra G, Oliva MM, Özay AC, Pintaudi B, Porcaro G, Pustotina O, Pkhaladze L, Prapas N, Roseff S, Salehpour S, Stringaro A, Tugushev M, Unfer V, Vucenik I, Facchinetti F. <sc>d</sc>-Chiro-Inositol in Clinical Practice: A Perspective from the Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI). Gynecol Obstet Invest 2024; 89:284-294. [PMID: 38373412 PMCID: PMC11309080 DOI: 10.1159/000536081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND d-Chiro-inositol is a natural molecule that, in association with its well-studied isomer myo-inositol, may play a role in treating various metabolic and gynecological disorders. OBJECTIVES This perspective seeks to explore the mechanisms and functions of d-chiro-inositol, laying the foundations to discuss its use in clinical practice, across dysmetabolism, obesity, and hormonal dysregulation. METHODS A narrative review of all the relevant papers known to the authors was conducted. OUTCOME d-Chiro-inositol acts through a variety of mechanisms, acting as an insulin sensitizer, inhibiting the transcription of aromatase, in addition to modulating white adipose tissue/brown adipose tissue transdifferentiation. These different modes of action have potential applications in a variety of therapeutic fields, including PCOS, dysmetabolism, obesity, hypoestrogenic/hyperandrogenic disorders, and bone health. CONCLUSIONS d-Chiro-inositol mode of action has been studied in detail in recent years, resulting in a clear differentiation between d-chiro-inositol and its isomer myo-inositol. The insulin-sensitizing activities of d-chiro-inositol are well understood; however, its potential applications in other fields, in particular obesity and hyperestrogenic/hypoandrogenic disorders in men and women, represent promising avenues of research that require further clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus – Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Christophe O. Soulage
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- INSERM U1060, INSA de Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maria Isidora Margarita Yap-Garcia
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- St. Luke’s Medical Center College of Medicine, William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon, Philippines
| | - Arturo Bevilacqua
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Barbaro
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Director of U.O. Endocrinology in Livorno Hospital, Livorno, Italy
| | - Artur Wdowiak
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maurizio Nordio
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- A.S.L. RMF, Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Didier Dewailly
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine Henri Warembourg, University of Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Marialuisa Appetecchia
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Aragona
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Salomè Bezerra Espinola
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Cavalli
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Italian Society of Endocrinology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario D’Anna
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Imelda Hernàndez Marin
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Human Reproduction Department, Hospital Juárez de México, and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, Mexico
| | - Zdravko Kamenov
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Paolo Giaccone” Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monastra
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Montanino Oliva
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Spirito Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Cenk Özay
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Basilio Pintaudi
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Porcaro
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Women's Health Centre, USL UMBRIA 2, Terni, Italy
| | - Olga Pustotina
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Reproductive Medicine, F.I. Inozemtsev Academy of Medical Education, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lali Pkhaladze
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Zhordania and Khomasuridze Institute of Reproductology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nikos Prapas
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Third Department of OB-GYNAE, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, and IVF Laboratory, IAKENTRO Fertility Centre, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Scott Roseff
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, South Florida Institute for Reproductive Medicine (IVFMD), Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Saghar Salehpour
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Marat Tugushev
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Embryology and Genetics of Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Virginia Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- A.G.Un.Co. Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Vucenik
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Research Technology and Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Facchinetti
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI) Rome, Italy
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- President Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine (SIMP), Modena, Italy
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Nani A, Bertuzzi F, Meneghini E, Mion E, Pintaudi B. Combined Inositols, α-Lactalbumin, Gymnema Sylvestre and Zinc Improve the Lipid Metabolic Profile of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7650. [PMID: 38137721 PMCID: PMC10743679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose levels and lipid alterations. Besides pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modifications and nutraceuticals can be used to manage glucose and lipid profiles, which is crucial for preventing, or avoiding, serious consequences associated with the condition. This randomized controlled clinical trial on 75 patients with T2DM evaluated the effects of a combination of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol (40:1), α-lactalbumin, Gymnema sylvestre, and zinc on glucose and lipid profile. The intention-to-treat analysis displayed no significant differences in glucose parameters between the groups; however, the study group displayed reduced levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.01) and LDL (p = 0.03) after 3 months of supplementation. A subgroup analysis involving patients who did not modify their antidiabetic therapy, after 6 months displayed improved levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.03) and LDL (p = 0.04) in the study group versus placebo, along with a greater body weight reduction (p = 0.03) after 3 months. Furthermore, within the study group, levels of HDL (p = 0.03) and triglycerides (p = 0.04) improved after 3 months. These findings support supplementation with myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol (40:1), α-lactalbumin, Gymnema sylvestre, and zinc as an adjuvant and safe strategy to manage the lipid profiles of patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Meneghini
- Department of Diabetology, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Mion
- Department of Diabetology, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Basilio Pintaudi
- Department of Diabetology, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
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