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Gonzalez ML, Busse NI, Waits CM, Johnson SE. Satellite cells and their regulation in livestock. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5807489. [PMID: 32175577 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are the myogenic stem and progenitor population found in skeletal muscle. These cells typically reside in a quiescent state until called upon to support repair, regeneration, or muscle growth. The activities of satellite cells are orchestrated by systemic hormones, autocrine and paracrine growth factors, and the composition of the basal lamina of the muscle fiber. Several key intracellular signaling events are initiated in response to changes in the local environment causing exit from quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation. Signals emanating from Notch, wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family members, and transforming growth factor-β proteins mediate the reversible exit from growth 0 phase while those initiated by members of the fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor families direct proliferation and differentiation. Many of these pathways impinge upon the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), myogenic factor 5, myogenic differentiation factor D, myogenin and MRF4, and the lineage determinate, Paired box 7, to alter transcription and subsequent satellite cell decisions. In the recent past, insight into mouse transgenic models has led to a firm understanding of regulatory events that control satellite cell metabolism and myogenesis. Many of these niche-regulated functions offer subtle differences from their counterparts in livestock pointing to the existence of species-specific controls. The purpose of this review is to examine the mechanisms that mediate large animal satellite cell activity and their relationship to those present in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Nicolas I Busse
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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Toschi A, Tugnoli B, Rossi B, Piva A, Grilli E. Thymol modulates the endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing of weaning pigs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:289. [PMID: 32787931 PMCID: PMC7425016 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recent identification of the endocannabinoid system in the gastrointestinal tract suggests a role in controlling intestinal inflammation. In addition, the gut chemosensing system has therapeutic applications in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and inflammation due to the presence of a large variety of receptors. The purposes of this study were to investigate the presence of markers of the endocannabinoid system and the chemosensing system in the pig gut and, second, to determine if thymol modulates these markers. One hundred sixty 28-day-old piglets were allocated into one of 5 treatment groups (n = 32 per treatment): T1 (control), T2 (25.5 mg thymol/kg feed), T3 (51 mg thymol/kg feed), T4 (153 mg thymol/kg feed), and T5 (510 mg thymol/kg feed). After 14 days of treatment, piglets were sacrificed (n = 8), and then duodenal and ileal mucosal scrapings were collected. Gene expression of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), the olfactory receptor OR1G1, diacylglycerol lipases (DGL-α and DGL-β), fatty acid amine hydrolase (FAAH), and cytokines was measured, and ELISAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were performed. Results mRNAs encoding all markers tested were detected. In the duodenum and ileum, the CB1, CB2, TRPV1, and OR1G1 mRNAs were expressed at higher levels in the T4 and T5 groups compared to the control group. The level of the FAAH mRNA was increased in the ileum of the T4 group compared to the control. Regarding the immune response, the level of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) mRNA was significantly increased in the duodenum of the T5 group, but this increase was not consistent with the protein level. Conclusions These results indicate the presence of endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing markers in the piglet gut mucosa. Moreover, thymol modulated the expression of the CB1, CB2, TRPV1, and OR1G1 mRNAs in the duodenum and ileum. It also modulated the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of endocannabinoid molecules. Based on these findings, the effects of thymol on promoting gut health are potentially mediated by the activation of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Rossi
- Vetagro SpA, via Porro, 2, 42124, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.,Vetagro SpA, via Porro, 2, 42124, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy. .,Vetagro, Inc., 116 W. Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL, 60604, USA.
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Zhang W, Kroscher KA, Murray RL, Gagliardi R, Guiltinan C, Rhoads RP, Stahl CH. Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Amounts Affect Development and Tissue-Specific Stem Cell Characteristics in Neonatal Pigs. J Nutr 2020; 150:1086-1092. [PMID: 31965174 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary calcium and phosphorus are required for bone and muscle development. Deficiencies of these macrominerals reduce bone mineral and muscle accretion potentially via alterations of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and satellite cell (SC) activities. OBJECTIVES With increasing interest in the role of early-life events on lifetime health outcomes, we aimed to elucidate the impact of dietary calcium and phosphorus, from deficiency through excess, on MSC and SC characteristics during neonatal development. METHODS Neonatal pigs [30 females, 1-d-old, 1.46 ± 0.04 kg body weight (BW)] were fed milk replacers for 16 d that were isonitrogenous and isocaloric with a consistent ratio of calcium to phosphorus, but either 25% deficient (calcium: 0.78%; phosphorus: 0.60%; CaPD), adequate (calcium: 1.08%; phosphorus: 0.84%; CaPA), or 25% in excess (calcium: 1.38%; phosphorus: 1.08%; CaPE) of calcium and phosphorus requirements based on sow-milk composition and extrapolation from NRC requirements for older pigs. BW and feed intake were recorded daily. Blood was collected for serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) determination. Humeri were collected for MSC isolation and radii/ulnae bone were collected for analysis. Longissimus dorsi muscle was collected for SC isolation and analysis. RESULTS There was 4.6% increase in bone ash percentage in CaPE- versus CaPD-fed pigs (P < 0.05). In vivo proliferation indicated a 41.3% increase in MSCs in CaPA compared with CaPD and a 19% increase in SCs in CaPA compared with both CaPE and CaPD. MSCs from CaPD had 2- to 5-fold greater expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) but lower osteocalcin (BGLAP) and fibronectin (FN1) expression than CaPA (P < 0.05). SCs from CaPD-fed pigs had 19% lower in vivo proliferation than in CaPA-fed pigs. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that feeding a diet marginally deficient in calcium and phosphorus to neonatal pigs had a great impact on bone development, MSC, and SC characteristics. These dietary deficiencies may program future bone health and muscle development by altering MSC and SC activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kellie A Kroscher
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Robert L Murray
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Gagliardi
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Carly Guiltinan
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robert P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chad H Stahl
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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4
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Tributyrin differentially regulates inflammatory markers and modulates goblet cells number along the intestinal tract segments of weaning pigs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tugnoli B, Bernardini C, Forni M, Piva A, Stahl CH, Grilli E. Butyric acid induces spontaneous adipocytic differentiation of porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 55:17-24. [PMID: 30456456 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Butyric acid (BA) affects the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) through the activation of different transcriptional pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of BA on proliferation and spontaneous differentiation of porcine bone marrow-derived MSC. Second passage MSC (n = 6) were cultured in either a basal medium (BM, DMEM + 10% FBS), or BM + 2.5 mmol/L BA (BA-2.5) or BM + 5 mmol/L BA (BA-5). Cell proliferation was significantly decreased by both BA-2.5 and BA-5 after 48 h and 72 h (- 55% and - 63%, respectively). To assess the impact of BA on spontaneous differentiation, MSC were cultured for 27 d, with complete media changes every 3 d. At day 27, cells were stained for osteocytic, chondrocytic, and adipocytic differentiation. No terminal differentiation was detected in control MSC, while accumulated small drops of lipids were stained by Oil-Red-O in BA-treated cells. The phenotypic changes were associated with changes in gene expression, determined by qPCR. Treatment with BA modulated the expression of adipocytic differentiation markers: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α were significantly increased by both BA-2.5 and BA-5 throughout the study, while lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid-binding protein 4 were increased by BA-5 at day 3, and decreased by both BA-5 and BA-2.5 later throughout the study. Osteocalcin and aggrecan mRNA was reduced throughout the experiment by both doses of BA (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data support that BA promotes the spontaneous differentiation of porcine bone marrow-derived MSC toward an adipocytic lineage in the absence of inducing cocktail media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Tugnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chad H Stahl
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ester Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy.
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Miersch C, Stange K, Röntgen M. Effects of trypsinization and of a combined trypsin, collagenase, and DNase digestion on liberation and in vitro function of satellite cells isolated from juvenile porcine muscles. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:406-412. [PMID: 29785535 PMCID: PMC5997727 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells (SC), and SC-derived myogenic progenitor cells (MPC) are involved in postnatal muscle growth, regeneration, and muscle adaptability. They can be released from their natural environment by mechanical disruption and tissue digestion. The literature contains several isolation protocols for porcine SC/MPC including various digestion procedures, but comparative studies are missing. In this report, classic trypsinization and a more complex trypsin, collagenase, and DNase (TCD) digestion were performed with skeletal muscle tissue from 4- to 5-d-old piglets. The two digestion procedures were compared regarding cell yield, viability, myogenic purity, and in vitro cell function. The TCD digestion tended to result in higher cell yields than digestion with solely trypsin (statistical trend p = 0.096), whereas cell size and viability did not differ. Isolated myogenic cells from both digestion procedures showed comparable proliferation rates, expressed the myogenic marker Desmin, and initiated myogenic differentiation in vitro at similar levels. Thus, TCD digestion tended to liberate slightly more cells without changes in the tested in vitro properties of the isolated cells. Both procedures are adequate for the isolation of SC/MPC from juvenile porcine muscles but the developmental state of the animal should always be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miersch
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Katja Stange
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Monika Röntgen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Murray RL, Zhang W, Iwaniuk M, Grilli E, Stahl CH. Dietary tributyrin, an HDAC inhibitor, promotes muscle growth through enhanced terminal differentiation of satellite cells. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13706. [PMID: 29845774 PMCID: PMC5974723 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth and repair rely on two main mechanisms - myonuclear accretion and subsequent protein accumulation. Altering the ability of muscle resident stem cells (satellite cells) to progress through their myogenic lineage can have a profound effect on lifetime muscle growth and repair. The use of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, butyrate, has had positive outcomes on the in vitro promotion of satellite cell myogenesis. In animal models, the use of butyrate has had promising results in treating myopathic conditions as well as improving growth efficiency, but the impact of dietary butyrate on satellite cells and muscle growth has not been elucidated. We investigated the impact of tributyrin, a butyrate prodrug, on satellite cell activity and muscle growth in a piglet model. Satellite cells from tributyrin-treated piglets had altered myogenic potential, and piglets receiving tributyrin had a ~40% increase in DNA:protein ratio after 21 days, indicating the potential for enhanced muscle growth. To assess muscle growth potential, piglets were supplemented tributyrin (0.5%) during either the neonatal phase (d1-d21) and/or the nursery phase (d21-d58) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Piglets who received tributyrin during the neonatal phase had improved growth performance at the end of the study and had a ~10% larger loin eye area and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Tributyrin treatment in the nursery phase alone did not have a significant effect on muscle growth or feed efficiency. These findings suggest that tributyrin is a potent promoter of muscle growth via altered satellite cell myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Murray
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMaryland
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMaryland
| | - Marie Iwaniuk
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMaryland
| | - Ester Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzano EmiliaBolognaItaly
| | - Chad H. Stahl
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMaryland
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Miersch C, Stange K, Röntgen M. Separation of functionally divergent muscle precursor cell populations from porcine juvenile muscles by discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation. BMC Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29523096 PMCID: PMC5845299 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite cells (SC) and their descendants, muscle precursor cells (MPC), play a key role in postnatal muscle development, regeneration, and plasticity. Several studies have provided evidence that SC and MPC represent a heterogeneous population differing in their biochemical and functional properties. The identification and characterization of functionally divergent SC subpopulations should help to reveal the precise involvement of SC/MPC in these myogenic processes. The aim of the present work was therefore to separate SC subpopulations by using Percoll gradients and to characterize their myogenic marker profiles and their functional properties (adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation). RESULTS SC/MPC from muscles of 4-day-old piglets were isolated by trypsin digestion and enriched by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. A mixed myogenic cell population was obtained from the 40/70% interface (termed: mixed P40/70) of a 25/40/70% Percoll gradient. Thereafter, by using a more stepped 25/40/50/70% Percoll gradient, mixed P40/70 was divided into subpopulation 40/50 (SP40/50) collected from the 40/50% interface and subpopulation 50/70 (SP50/70) collected from the 50/70% interface. All three isolated populations proliferated and showed a myogenic phenotype characterized by the ability to express myogenic markers (Pax7, MyoD1, Desmin, and MyoG) and to differentiate into myotubes. However, compared with mixed P40/70, SP40/50 and SP50/70 exhibited distinct functional behavior. Growth kinetic curves over 90 h obtained by the xCELLigence system and proliferation assays revealed that SP40/50 and mixed P40/70 constituted a fast adhering and fast proliferating phenotype. In contrast, SP50/70 showed considerably slower adhesion and proliferation. The fast-proliferating SP40/50 showed the highest myogenic differentiation potential with higher fusion rates and the formation of more middle-sized and large myotubes. CONCLUSIONS The described Percoll density gradient centrifugation represents a useful tool for subdividing pig SC/MPC populations with divergent myogenic functions. The physiological role of SC subpopulations during myogenesis and the interaction of these populations can now be analyzed to a greater extent, shedding light on postnatal growth variations in pigs and probably in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miersch
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Katja Stange
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Monika Röntgen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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9
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Bryszewska MA, Laghi L, Zannoni A, Gianotti A, Barone F, Taneyo Saa DL, Bacci ML, Ventrella D, Forni M. Bioavailability of Microencapsulated Iron from Fortified Bread Assessed Using Piglet Model. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030272. [PMID: 28335378 PMCID: PMC5372935 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oral iron supplementation, in the form of fortified breads, on the growth performance, health, iron status parameters, and fecal metabolome of anemic piglets. A study was conducted on 24 hybrid (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) piglets. From day 44, the post-natal 12 piglets were supplemented with 100 g of one of two experimental breads, each fortified with 21 mg of ferrous sulphate, either encapsulated or not. After one week of oral supplementation, hematological parameters (hematocrit value, hemoglobin, and red blood cells) showed statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). Piglets fed with the fortified breads had higher iron concentrations in the heart, liver, and intestinal mucosa compared to anemic piglets fed with control bread. Gene expression of hepcidin, iron exporter ferroportin (IREG1), and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), together with concentrations of plasma ferritin, showed no significant statistical differences between groups. Both fortified breads could be used as sources of bioavailable iron. The seven-day intervention trial showed microencapsulation to have only a mild effect on the effectiveness of iron supplementation in the form of fortified bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Bryszewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland.
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy.
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Danielle L Taneyo Saa
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy.
| | - Maria L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
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Grilli E, Tugnoli B, Foerster C, Piva A. Butyrate modulates inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions components along the gut of weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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11
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Bernardini C, Zannoni A, Bertocchi M, Bianchi F, Salaroli R, Botelho G, Bacci ML, Ventrella V, Forni M. Deleterious effects of tributyltin on porcine vascular stem cells physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 185-186:38-44. [PMID: 26965667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The vascular functional and structural integrity is essential for the maintenance of the whole organism and it has been demonstrated that different types of vascular progenitor cells resident in the vessel wall play an important role in this process. The purpose of the present research was to observe the effect of tributyltin (TBT), a risk factor for vascular disorders, on porcine Aortic Vascular Precursor Cells (pAVPCs) in term of cytotoxicity, gene expression profile, functionality and differentiation potential. We have demonstrated that pAVPCs morphology deeply changed following TBT treatment. After 48h a cytotoxic effect has been detected and Annexin binding assay demonstrated that TBT induced apoptosis. The transcriptional profile of characteristic pericyte markers has been altered: TBT 10nM substantially induced alpha-SMA, while, TBT 500nM determined a significant reduction of all pericyte markers. IL-6 protein detected in the medium of pAVPCs treated with TBT at both doses studied and with a dose response. TBT has interfered with normal pAVPC functionality preventing their ability to support a capillary-like network. In addition TBT has determined an increase of pAVPC adipogenic differentiation. In conclusion in the present paper we have demonstrated that TBT alters the vascular stem cells in terms of structure, functionality and differentiating capability, therefore effects of TBT in blood should be deeply explored to understand the potential vascular risk associated with the alteration of vascular stem cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Stem Wave Institute for Tissue Healing (SWITH), Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research - Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation, Lugo, Ravenna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems at the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Botelho
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DEVET, UNICENTRO - Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Oster M, Just F, Büsing K, Wolf P, Polley C, Vollmar B, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Toward improved phosphorus efficiency in monogastrics-interplay of serum, minerals, bone, and immune system after divergent dietary phosphorus supply in swine. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R917-25. [PMID: 26962023 PMCID: PMC4896080 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00215.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is of vital importance for many aspects of metabolism, including bone mineralization, blood buffering, and energy utilization. In order to identify molecular routes affecting intrinsic P utilization, we address processes covering P intake, uptake, metabolism, and excretion. In particular, the interrelation of bone tissue and immune features is of interest to approximate P intake to animal's physiology and health status. German Landrace piglets received different levels of digestible phosphorus: recommended, higher, or lower amounts. At multiple time points, relevant serum parameters were analyzed and radiologic studies on bone characteristics were performed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected to assess differential gene expression. Dietary differences were reflected by serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D. Bone reorganization was persistently affected as shown by microstructural parameters, cathepsin K levels, and transcripts associated with bone formation. Moreover, blood expression patterns revealed a link to immune response, highlighting bidirectional loops comprising bone formation and immune features, where the receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand/receptor-activator of NF-κB kinase system may play a prominent role. The modulated P supplementation provoked considerable organismal plasticity. Genes found to be differentially expressed due to variable P supply are involved in pathways relevant to P utilization and are potential candidate genes for improved P efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Just
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Kirsten Büsing
- University of Rostock, Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Rostock, Germany; and
| | - Petra Wolf
- University of Rostock, Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Rostock, Germany; and
| | - Christian Polley
- University of Rostock, Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- University of Rostock, Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany;
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Grilli E, Tugnoli B, Passey JL, Stahl CH, Piva A, Moeser AJ. Impact of dietary organic acids and botanicals on intestinal integrity and inflammation in weaned pigs. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:96. [PMID: 25889654 PMCID: PMC4483210 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic acids, such as citric and sorbic acid, and pure plant-derived constituents, like monoterpens and aldehydes, have a long history of use in pig feeding as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. However, their effects on the intestinal barrier function and inflammation have never been investigated. Therefore, aim of this study was to assess the impact of a microencapsulated mixture of citric acid and sorbic acid (OA) and pure botanicals, namely thymol and vanillin, (PB) on the intestinal integrity and functionality of weaned pigs and in vitro on Caco-2 cells. In the first study 20 piglets were divided in 2 groups and received either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with OA + PB (5 g/kg) for 2 weeks post-weaning at the end of which ileum and jejunum samples were collected for Ussing chambers analysis of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER), intermittent short-circuit current (I SC), and dextran flux. Scrapings of ileum mucosa were also collected for cytokine analysis (n = 6). In the second study we measured the effect of these compounds directly on TER and permeability of Caco-2 monolayers treated with either 0.2 or 1 g/l of OA + PB. RESULTS Pigs fed with OA + PB tended to have reduced I SC in the ileum (P = 0.07) and the ileal gene expression of IL-12, TGF-β, and IL-6 was down regulated. In the in vitro study on Caco-2 cells, TER was increased by the supplementation of 0.2 g/l at 4, 6, and 14 days of the experiment, whereas 1 g/l increased TER at 10 and 12 days of treatment (P < 0.05). Dextran flux was not significantly affected though a decrease was observed at 7 and 14 days (P = 0.10 and P = 0.09, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Overall, considering the results from both experiments, OA + PB improved the maturation of the intestinal mucosa by modulating the local and systemic inflammatory pressure ultimately resulting in a less permeable intestine, and eventually improving the growth of piglets prematurely weaned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Grilli
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Tugnoli
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jade L Passey
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK. .,North Carolina State University, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Chad H Stahl
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Andrea Piva
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Adam J Moeser
- North Carolina State University, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research (CCMTR), North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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