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Wang L, Zhang J, Wang J, Xue H, Deng L, Che F, Heng X, Zheng X, Lu Z, Yang L, Tan Q, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Ji X, Li G, Yang F, Xue F. Postoperative prognostic nomogram for adult grade II/III astrocytoma in the Chinese Han population. Health Inf Sci Syst 2023; 11:23. [PMID: 37151917 PMCID: PMC10160268 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-023-00223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic models of glioma have been the focus of many studies. However, most of them are based on Western populations. Additionally, because of the complexity of healthcare data in China, it is important to select a suitable model based on existing clinical data. This study aimed to develop and independently validate a nomogram for predicting the overall survival (OS) with newly diagnosed grade II/III astrocytoma after surgery. Methods Data of 472 patients with astrocytoma (grades II-III) were collected from Qilu Hospital as training cohort while data of 250 participants from Linyi People's Hospital were collected as validation cohort. Cox proportional hazards model was used to construct the nomogram and individually predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities. Calibration ability, and discrimination ability were analyzed in both training and validation cohort. Results Overall survival was negatively associated with histopathology, age, subtotal resection, multiple tumors, lower KPS and midline tumors. Internal validation and external validation showed good discrimination (The C-index for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival were 0.791, 0.748, 0.733 in internal validation and 0.754, 0.735, 0.730 in external validation, respectively). The calibration curves showed good agreement between the predicted and actual 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates. Conclusion This is the first nomogram study that integrates common clinicopathological factors to provide an individual probabilistic prognosis prediction for Chinese Han patients with astrocytoma (grades II-III). This model can serve as an easy-to-use tool to advise patients and establish optimized surveillance approaches after surgery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13755-023-00223-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Cancer Center & the Research Center of Function Image on Brain Tumor, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Neurology Department & the Research Center of Function Image on Brain Tumor, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Neurosurgery Department & the Research Center of Function Image on Brain Tumor, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Xuejun Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Zilong Lu
- The Department for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- The Department for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, China
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yeping Xu
- Synthesis Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Yanchun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Xiaokang Ji
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Shi W, Zhao Y, Chen L, Wu L. Associations between adiposity, diabetes, lifestyle factors and the risk of gliomas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1207223. [PMID: 37497279 PMCID: PMC10366619 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1207223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite numerous observational studies linking adiposity, diabetes, and lifestyle factors with gliomas, the causal associations between them remain uncertain. Methods This study aimed to use two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate whether these associations are causal. Specifically, independent genetic variants in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), type 2 diabetes (T2D), smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption were extracted from the published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with genome-wide significance. The corresponding summary-level data for gliomas were available from a GWAS of 1,856 cases and 4,955 controls of European descent from the GliomaScan consortium. Additionally, glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 data were used for validation, and Radial MR analysis was conducted to examine the potential outlier single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results One standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.392 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.935-2.071) for gliomas, while one SD increase in WC had an OR of 0.967 (95% CI, 0.547-1.710). For T2D, a one-unit increase in log-transformed OR had an OR of 0.923 (95% CI, 0.754-1.129). The prevalence of smoking initiation had an OR of 1.703 (95% CI, 0.871-3.326) for gliomas, while the prevalence of alcohol intake frequency had an OR of 0.806 (95% CI, 0.361-1.083), and the prevalence of coffee intake had an OR of 0.268 (95% CI, 0.033-2.140) for gliomas. Conclusion This study provides evidence that adiposity, T2D, smoking, alcohol drinking, and coffee intake do not play causal roles in the development of gliomas. The findings highlight the importance of reconsidering causal relationships in epidemiological research to better understand the risk factors and prevention strategies for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetic for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetic for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jincheng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Wanchao Shi
- Cerebrovascular Interventional Treatment Ward, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Department of Neurocritical Medicine, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Maye H, Balogun J, Waqar M, Heal C, McSorley N, D'Urso P, Coope D, Bailey M, Karabatsou K. Do the indices of deprivation or smoking affect post-operative 1-year mortality in patients undergoing a craniotomy for a brain tumour in a public healthcare system? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023:10.1007/s00701-023-05582-x. [PMID: 37162609 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the 1-year survival following craniotomy for tumour resection in a public healthcare system and analyse the effect of indices of multiple deprivation (IMD) as well as smoking, alcohol, BMI, ASA grade and medical co-morbidities on post-operative morbidity and mortality. METHODS This is a retrospective, single-centre study in a high volume neurosurgical centre, over a 2-year period. All patients undergoing a craniotomy for a brain tumour were included. Data was collected from the neuro-oncology database and electronic patient records. Individual patient IMD data was obtained using their postcode from a national government database. Each English postcode being ranked from 1 to 32,844, with 1 being the most deprived and 32,844 the most affluent. Descriptive results are described along with further data analysis using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS 630 patients underwent an elective or urgent craniotomy for tumour. 10% of all patients underwent urgent surgery. 68% (95% CI: 64 to 71%) survived at least 1-year post-surgery. Our study found that social deprivation (IMD postcode rank) was not associated with mortality at 1 year after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Those from decile 1 had the lowest risk of death at 12 months for all tumour types (p = 0.0070). Previous smokers carried an increased risk of death at 12 months when compared with people who had never smoked RR 1.40 CI 1.10-1.78 (p = 0.006) but this risk was not evident in current smokers RR 0.92 CI 0.65-1.31 (p = 0.64). Increasing age and male gender were also found to be associated with higher mortality at 1 year (p = < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the UK despite the discrepancy in the health of the general population between the north and south, social deprivation does not appear to be detrimental to neurooncological outcomes although smoking status, advancing age and male sex are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Maye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK.
| | - James Balogun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mueez Waqar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Calvin Heal
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nathan McSorley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Pietro D'Urso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David Coope
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Matthew Bailey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Konstantina Karabatsou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stott Lane, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
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Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Dehhaghi M, Lam SS, Peng W, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Guillemin GJ. Oncolytic viruses as a promising therapeutic strategy against the detrimental health impacts of air pollution: The case of glioblastoma multiforme. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1122-1142. [PMID: 34004331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human livelihood highly depends on applying different sources of energy whose utilization is associated with air pollution. On the other hand, air pollution may be associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) development. Unlike other environmental causes of cancer (e.g., irradiation), air pollution cannot efficiently be controlled by geographical borders, regulations, and policies. The unavoidable exposure to air pollution can modify cancer incidence and mortality. GBM treatment with chemotherapy or even its surgical removal has proven insufficient (100% recurrence rate; patient's survival mean of 15 months; 90% fatality within five years) due to glioma infiltrative and migratory capacities. Given the barrage of attention and research investments currently plowed into next-generation cancer therapy, oncolytic viruses are perhaps the most vigorously pursued. Provision of an insight into the current state of the research and future direction is essential for stimulating new ideas with the potentials of filling research gaps. This review manuscript aims to overview types of brain cancer, their burden, and different causative agents. It also describes why air pollution is becoming a concerning factor. The different opinions on the association of air pollution with brain cancer are reviewed. It tries to address the significant controversy in this field by hypothesizing the air-pollution-brain-cancer association via inflammation and atopic conditions. The last section of this review deals with the oncolytic viruses, which have been used in, or are still under clinical trials for GBM treatment. Engineered adenoviruses (i.e., DNX-2401, DNX-2440, CRAd8-S-pk7 loaded Neural stem cells), herpes simplex virus type 1 (i.e., HSV-1 C134, HSV-1 rQNestin34.5v.2, HSV-1 G207, HSV-1 M032), measles virus (i.e., MV-CEA), parvovirus (i.e., ParvOryx), poliovirus (i.e., Poliovirus PVSRIPO), reovirus (i.e., pelareorep), moloney murine leukemia virus (i.e., Toca 511 vector), and vaccinia virus (i.e., vaccinia virus TG6002) as possible life-changing alleviations for GBM have been discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first review that comprehensively discusses both (i) the negative/positive association of air pollution with GBM; and (ii) the application of oncolytic viruses for GBM, including the most recent advances and clinical trials. It is also the first review that addresses the controversies over air pollution and brain cancer association. We believe that the article will significantly appeal to a broad readership of virologists, oncologists, neurologists, environmentalists, and those who work in the field of (bio)energy. Policymakers may also use it to establish better health policies and regulations about air pollution and (bio)fuels exploration, production, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.Org, Australia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.Org, Australia.
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Shu L, Yu D, Jin F. Alcohol intake and the risk of glioma: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of observational study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-9. [PMID: 35945657 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The association between alcohol intake and the risk of glioma has been widely studied, but these results have yielded conflicting findings. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and updated meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association between alcohol intake and the risk of glioma. A systematic literature search of relevant articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wan fang databases up to December 2021 was conducted. Pooled estimated of relative risk (RR) and 95 % CI were calculated using fixed-effects models. A total of eight articles with three case-control studies involving 2706 glioma cases and 2 189 927 participants were included in this meta-analysis. A reduced risk of glioma was shown for the low-moderate alcohol drinking v. non-drinking (RR = 0·87; 95 % CI (0·78, 0·97); P = 0·014). In addition, there was no evidence of an increased risk of glioma in the heavy alcohol drinking compared with non-drinking (RR = 0·89; 95 % CI (0·67, 1·18); P = 0·404). The findings suggest an inverse association between low-moderate alcohol drinking and the risk of glioma, in the absence, however, of a dose-response relationship. More prospective studies are needed to provide further insight into the association between alcohol drinking and glioma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310013, the People's Republic of China
| | - Fubi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310013, the People's Republic of China
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Grochans S, Cybulska AM, Simińska D, Korbecki J, Kojder K, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Epidemiology of Glioblastoma Multiforme–Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102412. [PMID: 35626018 PMCID: PMC9139611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for 14.5% of all central nervous system tumors and 48.6% of malignant central nervous system tumors. The median overall survival (OS) of GBM patients is only 15 months. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of GBM and factors that may have a significant impact on the risk of GBM. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with a median overall survival of approximately 15 months. In this review, we analyze the pathogenesis of GBM, as well as epidemiological data, by age, gender, and tumor location. The data indicate that GBM is the higher-grade primary brain tumor and is significantly more common in men. The risk of being diagnosed with glioma increases with age, and median survival remains low, despite medical advances. In addition, it is difficult to determine clearly how GBM is influenced by stimulants, certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs), cell phone use, and exposure to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Grochans
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48 St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-281 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
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Travers S, Litofsky NS. Daily Lifestyle Modifications to Improve Quality of Life and Survival in Glioblastoma: A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050533. [PMID: 33922443 PMCID: PMC8146925 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival in glioblastoma remains poor despite advancements in standard-of-care treatment. Some patients wish to take a more active role in their cancer treatment by adopting daily lifestyle changes to improve their quality of life or overall survival. We review the available literature through PubMed and Google Scholar to identify laboratory animal studies, human studies, and ongoing clinical trials. We discuss which health habits patients adopt and which have the most promise in glioblastoma. While results of clinical trials available on these topics are limited, dietary restrictions, exercise, use of supplements and cannabis, and smoking cessation all show some benefit in the comprehensive treatment of glioblastoma. Marital status also has an impact on survival. Further clinical trials combining standard treatments with lifestyle modifications are necessary to quantify their survival advantages.
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Jung JM, Lee KH, Kim YJ, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Won CH, Lee WJ. Assessment of Overall and Specific Cancer Risks in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 156:844-853. [PMID: 32459291 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Large population-based studies investigating the risks of overall and specific cancers among patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are limited. Objective To assess the overall and specific cancer risks in patients with HS compared with the risks in patients without HS in the Republic of Korea. Design, Setting, and Participants A nationwide population-based cohort study, using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database was conducted over a 2-year period from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2008. Individuals in the control group who were never diagnosed with HS or cancer during the washout period were randomly extracted and matched by age, sex, index year, and insurance type at a case-control ratio of 1:8, and patients with newly diagnosed HS between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2017, were included. Follow-up data on incident cancer from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018, were included. Main Outcomes and Measures The overall and specific cancer incidence rates were calculated per 100 000 person-years in patients with HS and in the matched control cohort. The risk for cancers was assessed by multivariable Cox regression models in patients with HS compared with the matched control cohort. Results In total, 22 468 patients with HS and 179 734 matched controls were included in the study. The mean (SD) age was 33.63 (17.61) years and 63.7% of the participants in both groups were male. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of overall cancer in patients with HS was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15-1.42). Patients with HS had significantly higher risk for Hodgkin lymphoma (aHR, 5.08; 95% CI, 1.21-21.36), oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (aHR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.60-6.02), central nervous system cancer (aHR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.22-4.70), nonmelanoma skin cancer (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.12-3.79), prostate cancer (aHR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.30-3.24), and colorectal cancer (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.09-1.93). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, HS appeared to be associated with a significantly increased risk of overall cancer as well as several specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Min Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bielecka J, Markiewicz-Żukowska R. The Influence of Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors on Glioma Incidence. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061812. [PMID: 32560519 PMCID: PMC7353193 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are the first main cause of premature death in developed countries. Since brain tumors, especially gliomas, are the most lethal type of cancers, risk factors for their prevalence are still being discussed. Nearly 30–50% of all cancers could be prevented by proper nutritional habits and other lifestyle factors, but their influence on the tumors of the central nervous system has not been explained completely and still requires further studies. That is why we attempted to review the available research in this field, with a special focus on the factors with the proven protective activity observed in other cancers. Adequate vegetables and antioxidants (such as vitamins C and A) provided with a diet could have a protective effect, while other factors have shown no correlation with the incidence of glioma. However, further studies are necessary to determine whether fish, coffee, and tea consumption may prevent glioma. Maintaining proper body weight and undertaking a sufficient level of daily physical activity also seem to be important. Excessive body mass index (BMI) and higher attained height have increased the risk of glioma. In order to link more accurately the chosen factors to the prevalence of gliomas, it seems necessary to conduct large cohort, prospective, controlled studies in different world regions.
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Howell AE, Zheng J, Haycock PC, McAleenan A, Relton C, Martin RM, Kurian KM. Use of Mendelian Randomization for Identifying Risk Factors for Brain Tumors. Front Genet 2018; 9:525. [PMID: 30483309 PMCID: PMC6240585 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a group of primary brain tumors, the most common and aggressive subtype of which is glioblastoma. Glioblastoma has a median survival of just 15 months after diagnosis. Only previous exposure to ionizing radiation and particular inherited genetic syndromes are accepted risk factors for glioma; the vast majority of cases are thought to occur spontaneously. Previous observational studies have described associations between several risk factors and glioma, but studies are often conflicting and whether these associations reflect true casual relationships is unclear because observational studies may be susceptible to confounding, measurement error and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a form of instrumental variable analysis that can be used to provide supporting evidence for causal relationships between exposures (e.g., risk factors) and outcomes (e.g., disease onset). MR utilizes genetic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that are robustly associated with an exposure to determine whether there is a causal effect of the exposure on the outcome. MR is less susceptible to confounding, reverse causation and measurement errors as it is based on the random inheritance during conception of genetic variants that can be relatively accurately measured. In previous studies, MR has implicated a genetically predicted increase in telomere length with an increased risk of glioma, and found little evidence that obesity related factors, vitamin D or atopy are causal in glioma risk. In this review, we describe MR and its potential use to discover and validate novel risk factors, mechanistic factors, and therapeutic targets in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Elizabeth Howell
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra McAleenan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Li HX, Peng XX, Zong Q, Zhang K, Wang MX, Liu YZ, Han GL. Cigarette smoking and risk of adult glioma: a meta-analysis of 24 observational studies involving more than 2.3 million individuals. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3511-23. [PMID: 27366088 PMCID: PMC4913539 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking has been shown to be a risk factor for adult glioma by some but not all studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the potential association. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched from the date of their inception to October 1, 2015, to identify relevant articles. Reference lists from these articles were reviewed to identify additional studies. Both cohort and case–control studies were included. Fixed-effects models were used to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The final analysis included 24 studies (seven cohort and 17 case–control studies), involving more than 2.3 million individuals. The combined RR was 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.09; P=0.073) for ever-smokers, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.07; P=0.574) for current-smokers, and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.16; P=0.130) for past smokers, with little evidence of heterogeneity. Omission of any single study from the analysis had little effect on the result. No evidence of publication bias was found. A small but statistically significant increase was found in past smokers in females (RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.28; P=0.046) but not in males. Conclusion In general, there was no association between cigarette smoking and adult glioma. The small but statistically significant association in females requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhe Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Liang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Wegman-Ostrosky T, Reynoso-Noverón N, Mejía-Pérez SI, Sánchez-Correa TE, Alvarez-Gómez RM, Vidal-Millán S, Cacho-Díaz B, Sánchez-Corona J, Herrera-Montalvo LA, Corona-Vázquez T. Clinical prognostic factors in adults with astrocytoma: Historic cohort. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 146:116-22. [PMID: 27208871 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical prognostic factors for adults affected with astrocytoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using a historic cohort, we selected 155 clinical files from patients with astrocytoma using simple randomization. The main outcome variable was overall survival time. To identify clinical prognostic factors, we used bivariate analysis, Kaplan Meier, the log rank test and the Cox regression models. The number of lost years lived with disability (DALY) based on prevalence, was calculated. RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis was 45.7 years. Analysis according to tumour stage, including grades II, III and IV, also showed a younger age of presentation. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed that tumour grade, Karnofsky status (KPS) ≥70, resection type, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, alcohol consumption, familial history of cancer and clinical presentation were significantly associated with survival time. Using a proportional hazard model, age, grade IV, resection, chemotherapy+radiotherapy and KPS were identified as prognostic factors.The amount of life lost due to premature death in this population was 28 years. CONCLUSION In our study, astrocytoma was diagnosed in young adults. The overall survival was 15 months, 9% (n=14) of patients presented a survival of 2 years, and 3% of patients survived 3 years. On average the number of years lost due to premature death and disability was 28.53 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, CP 14080 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Nancy Reynoso-Noverón
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, CP 14080 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Sonia I Mejía-Pérez
- Subdirección de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur # 3877, CP 14269 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Thalía E Sánchez-Correa
- Subdirección de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur # 3877, CP 14269 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rosa María Alvarez-Gómez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, CP 14080 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Silvia Vidal-Millán
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, CP 14080 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Bernardo Cacho-Díaz
- Departamento Neuro-oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, CP 14080 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - José Sánchez-Corona
- Dirección Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Cetro Médico de Occidente, IMSS, Sierra mojada 800, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Luis A Herrera-Montalvo
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, CP 14080 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Teresa Corona-Vázquez
- Laboratorio Clínico de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes Sur # 3877, CP 14269 Tlalpan, CDMX, Mexico.
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Abstract
To systematically assess the relationship between smoking and glioma risk.A dose-response meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies was performed. Pertinent studies were identified by searching database and reference lists. Random-effects model was employed to pool the estimates of the relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).A total of 19 case-control and 6 cohort studies were included. Overall, compared with those who never smoked, the pooled RR and 95% CI was 0.98 (0.92-1.05) for ever smoker. The subgroups were not significantly different regarding risk of glioma except the group of age at start smoking (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.93-1.48 for age < 20; RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.52 for age ≥ 20). Dose-response analysis also suggested no significant association between smoking and the risk of glioma, although some evidence for a linear relationship between smoking and glioma risk was observed.In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides little support for a causal relationship between smoking and risk of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Shao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (CS, WZ, JH); and Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (ZQ)
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