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Loukil I, Mutch DM, Plourde M. Genetic association between FADS and ELOVL polymorphisms and the circulating levels of EPA/DHA in humans: a scoping review. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38844860 PMCID: PMC11157910 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are two omega-3 fatty acids that can be synthesized out of their precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). FADS and ELOVL genes encode the desaturase and elongase enzymes required for EPA and DHA synthesis from ALA; however, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS and ELOVL genes could modify the levels of EPA and DHA synthesized from ALA although there is no consensus in this area. This review aims to investigate EPA and DHA circulating levels in human blood and their association with FADS or ELOVL. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were used to identify research articles. They were subsequently reviewed by two independent investigators. RESULTS Initially, 353 papers were identified. After removing duplicates and articles not meeting inclusion criteria, 98 full text papers were screened. Finally, this review included 40 studies investigating FADS and/or ELOVL polymorphisms. A total of 47 different SNPs in FADS genes were reported. FADS1 rs174537, rs174547, rs174556 and rs174561 were the most studied SNPs, with minor allele carriers having lower levels of EPA and DHA. SNPs in the FADS genes were in high linkage disequilibrium. SNPs in FADS were correlated with levels of EPA and DHA. No conclusion could be drawn with the ELOVL polymorphisms since the number of studies was too low. CONCLUSION Specific SNPs in FADS gene, such as rs174537, have strong associations with circulating levels of EPA and DHA. Continued investigation regarding the impact of genetic variants related to EPA and DHA synthesis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Loukil
- Research Center on Aging, Health, and Social Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Geriatrics Institute, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G 1B1, Canada
- Department de Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and health sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Health, and Social Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Geriatrics Institute, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G 1B1, Canada.
- Department de Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and health sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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2
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Carnegie R, Borges MC, Jones HJ, Zheng J, Haycock P, Evans J, Martin RM. Omega-3 fatty acids and major depression: a Mendelian randomization study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:222. [PMID: 38811538 PMCID: PMC11136966 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids have been implicated in the aetiology of depressive disorders, though trials supplementing omega-3 to prevent major depressive disorder (MDD) have so far been unsuccessful. Whether this association is causal remains unclear. We used two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate causality. Genetic variants associated with circulating omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in UK Biobank (UKBB, n = 115,078) were selected as exposures. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of MDD (n = 430,775; cases = 116,209; controls = 314,566) and recurrent depression (rMDD, n = 80,933; cases = 17,451; controls = 62,482), were used as outcomes. Multivariable MR (MVMR) models were used to account for biologically correlated lipids, such as high- and low-density cholesterol and triglycerides, and to explore the relative importance of longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using data from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE, n = 8866). Genetic colocalization analyses were used to explore the presence of a shared underlying causal variant between traits. Genetically predicted total omega-3 fatty acids reduced the odds of MDD (ORIVW 0.96 per standard deviation (SD, i.e. 0.22 mmol/l) (95% CIs 0.93-0.98, p = 0.003)). The largest point estimates were observed for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (OREPA 0.92; 95% CI 0.88-0.96; p = 0.0002). The effect of omega-3 fatty acids was robust to MVMR models accounting for biologically correlated lipids. 'Leave-one-out' analyses highlighted the FADS gene cluster as a key driver of the effect. Colocalization analyses suggested a shared causal variant using the primary outcome sample, but genomic confounding could not be fully excluded. This study supports a role for omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA, in the aetiology of depression, although pleiotropic mechanisms cannot be ruled out. The findings support guidelines highlighting the importance of EPA dose and ratio for MDD and question whether targeted interventions may be superior to universal prevention trials, as modest effect sizes will limit statistical power.
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Grants
- 212557/Z/18/Z Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
- MR/P014054/1 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
- MC_UU_00011/1, MC_UU_00011/3, MC_UU_00011/6, and MC_UU_00011/4 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
- MC_UU_00011/1, MC_UU_00011/3, MC_UU_00011/6, and MC_UU_00011/4 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
- C18281/A29019 Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
- MC_UU_00011/1, MC_UU_00011/3, MC_UU_00011/6, and MC_UU_00011/4 RCUK | MRC | Medical Research Foundation
- MC_UU_00011/1, MC_UU_00011/3, MC_UU_00011/6, and MC_UU_00011/4 RCUK | MRC | Medical Research Foundation
- NIHR202411 DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carnegie
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Medical Research Centre (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - M C Borges
- Medical Research Centre (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Centre (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Zheng
- Medical Research Centre (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P Haycock
- Medical Research Centre (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Evans
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R M Martin
- Medical Research Centre (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Wimalasena ST, Ramírez Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Rivera JA, Sun YV, Stein AD, Ferranti EP, Alvarez JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal and Offspring Fatty Acid Desaturase Variants, Prenatal DHA Supplementation, and Dietary n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00152-4. [PMID: 38453026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes may modify dietary fatty acid requirements and influence cardiometabolic health (CMH). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the role of selected variants in maternal and offspring FADS genes on offspring CMH at the age of 11 y and assessed interactions of genotype with diet quality and prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. METHODS We used data from offspring (n = 203) born to females who participated in a randomized controlled trial of DHA supplementation (400 mg/d) from midgestation to delivery. We generated a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose and identified 6 distinct haplotypes from 5 offspring FADS SNPs. Dietary n-6 (ω-6):n-3 fatty acid ratios were derived from 24-h recall data (n = 141). We used generalized linear models to test associations of offspring diet and FADS haplotypes with MetS score and interactions of maternal and offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with prenatal treatment group and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio on MetS score. RESULTS Associations between FADS haplotypes and MetS score were null. Offspring SNP rs174602 did not modify the association of prenatal DHA supplementation with MetS score. Among children with TT or TC genotype for SNP rs174602 (n = 88), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile (>8.61) had higher MetS score relative to the lowest tertile [<6.67) (Δ= 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.69]. Among children with CC genotype (n = 53), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile had a lower MetS score relative to the lowest tertile (Δ= -0.23; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.16). CONCLUSIONS There was evidence of an interaction of offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with current dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, but not with prenatal DHA supplementation, on MetS score. Further studies may help to determine the utility of targeted supplementation strategies and dietary recommendations based on genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Erin P Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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4
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Gürdeniz G, Kim M, Brustad N, Ernst M, Russo F, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Hougaard D, Rasmussen M, Cohen A, Chawes B. Furan fatty acid metabolite in newborns predicts risk of asthma. Allergy 2023; 78:429-438. [PMID: 36254396 DOI: 10.1111/all.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of fish-oil and fatty fish during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of childhood asthma but biomarkers of such intake are lacking. OBJECTIVE To establish biomarkers of prenatal fish-oil exposure from newborn dry blood spot metabolomics profiles and assess their relevance for childhood asthma risk stratification. METHODS The Danish COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort was utilized to investigate the effect of a double-blinded randomized controlled trial of fish-oil supplementation during pregnancy on dry blood spot liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiles of 677 newborns. We thereafter investigated the association between fish-oil associated biomarkers in the newborn and development of asthma-related outcomes. Replication was sought in the independent observational COPSAC2000 cohort with 387 newborn metabolomics profiles. RESULTS The newborn metabolomics profiles differed between children in the fish-oil vs. placebo group in COPSAC2010 (area under the receiver operator curve = 0.94 ± 0.03, p < .001). The fish-oil metabolomics profile and the top biomarker, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furan propanoic acid (CMPF) were both associated with a decreased risk of asthma by age 6 years (HR = 0.89, p = .002 and HR = 0.67, p = .005, respectively). In COPSAC2000 , newborn CMPF level was also inversely associated with asthma risk by age 6 years (HR = 0.69, p = .01). Troublesome lung symptoms and common infections in the first 3 years were also inversely associated with newborn CMPF levels in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Newborn children's blood levels of the furan fatty acid metabolite CMPF reflect fish-oil and fatty fish intake during pregnancy and are associated with a lower risk of asthma across two cohorts, which could aid newborn screening for childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Gürdeniz
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Section of Chemometrics and Analytical Technologies, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Min Kim
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Brustad
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Russo
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - David Hougaard
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Section of Chemometrics and Analytical Technologies, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Arieh Cohen
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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5
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Rittenhouse M, Sambuughin N, Deuster P. Optimization of Omega-3 Index Levels in Athletes at the US Naval Academy: Personalized Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dosage and Molecular Genetic Approaches. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142966. [PMID: 35889922 PMCID: PMC9321651 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend increasing the intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Omega-3 Index (O3I) is one marker used to assess omega-3 status. The O3I national average is 4.3%, which translates into a high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Research has reported an association between variants in the two desaturase encoding genes, fatty acid desaturase 1 and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS1/2), and the concentration of O3I. The aim of this study was to assess whether a personalized dosage of omega-3 supplementation would lead to an O3I ≥ 8%. A secondary aim was to identify if changes in O3I levels would be associated with either of the two FADS1/2 variants. Methods: This interventional study had a pre- and post-intervention design to assess changes in O3I. Ninety participants completed demographic, biometrics, O3I, and genetic testing. Participants were provided a personalized dose of omega-3 supplements based on their baseline O3I. Results: The majority (63%) of participants were 20 year old white males with an average O3I at baseline of 4.6%; the post-supplementation average O3I was 5.6%. The most frequent genetic variants expressed in the full sample for FADS1/2 were GG (50%) and CA/AA (57%). Conclusions: O3I was significantly increased following omega-3 supplementation. However, it was not possible to conclude whether the two FADS1/2 variants led to differential increases in OI3 or if a personalized dosage of omega-3 supplementation led to an O3I ≥ 8%, due to our study limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rittenhouse
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (N.S.); (P.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Nyamkhishig Sambuughin
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (N.S.); (P.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (N.S.); (P.D.)
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6
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Kan J, Ni J, Xue K, Wang F, Zheng J, Cheng J, Wu P, Runyon MK, Guo H, Du J. Personalized Nutrition Intervention Improves Health Status in Overweight/Obese Chinese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:919882. [PMID: 35811975 PMCID: PMC9258630 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.919882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Personalized nutrition (PN) approaches may provide tailored nutritional advice/service by focusing on individual's unique characteristics to prevent against NCDs. Objective We aimed to compare the effect of PN intervention with the traditional “one size fits all” intervention on health status in overweight/obese Chinese adults. Methods In this 12-week randomized controlled trial, 400 adults with BMI ≥24 kg/m2 were randomized to control group (CG, n = 200) and PN group (PNG, n = 200). The CG received conventional health guidance according to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents and Chinese DRIs Handbook, whereas the PNG experienced PN intervention that was developed by using decision trees based on the subjects' anthropometric measurements, blood samples (phenotype), buccal cells (genotype), and dietary and physical activity (PA) assessments (baseline and updated). Results Compared with the conventional intervention, PN intervention significantly improved clinical outcomes of anthropometric (e.g., body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference) and blood biomarkers (e.g., blood lipids, uric acid, homocysteine). The improvement in clinical outcomes was achieved through behavior change in diet and PA. The subjects in the PNG had higher China dietary guidelines index values and PA levels. Personalized recommendations of “lose weight,” “increase fiber” and “take multivitamin/mineral supplements” were the major contributors to the decrease of BMI and improvement of lipid profile. Conclusion We provided the first evidence that PN intervention was more beneficial than conventional nutrition intervention to improve health status in overweight/obese Chinese adults. This study provides a model of framework for developing personalized advice in Chinese population. Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900026226).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Ni
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kun Xue
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Peiying Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hongwei Guo
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Du
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7
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Keathley J, Garneau V, Marcil V, Mutch DM, Robitaille J, Rudkowska I, Sofian GM, Desroches S, Vohl MC. Nutrigenetics, omega-3 and plasma lipids/lipoproteins/apolipoproteins with evidence evaluation using the GRADE approach: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054417. [PMID: 35193914 PMCID: PMC8867311 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the uptake of nutrigenetic testing through direct-to-consumer services and healthcare professionals, systematic reviews determining scientific validity are limited in this field. The objective of this review was to: retrieve, synthesise and assess the quality of evidence (confidence) for nutrigenetic approaches related to the effect of genetic variation on plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein responsiveness to omega-3 fatty acid intake. DESIGN A systematic review was conducted using three search engines (Embase, Web of Science and Medline) for articles published up until 1 August 2020. We aimed to systematically search, identify (select) and provide a narrative synthesis of all studies that assessed nutrigenetic associations/interactions for genetic variants (comparators) influencing the plasma lipid, lipoprotein and/or apolipoprotein response (outcomes) to omega-3 fatty acid intake (intervention/exposure) in humans-both paediatric and adult populations (population). We further aimed to assess the overall quality of evidence for specific priority nutrigenetic associations/interactions based on the following inclusion criteria: nutrigenetic associations/interactions reported for the same genetic variants (comparators) influencing the same plasma lipid, lipoprotein and/or apolipoprotein response (outcomes) to omega-3 fatty acid intake (intervention/exposure) in humans-both paediatric and adult populations (population) in at least two independent studies, irrespective of the findings. Risk of bias was assessed in individual studies. Evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach with a modification to further consider biological plausibility. RESULTS Out of 1830 articles screened, 65 met the inclusion criteria for the narrative synthesis (n=23 observational, n=42 interventional); of these, 25 met the inclusion criteria for GRADE evidence evaluation. Overall, current evidence is insufficient for gene-diet associations related to omega-3 fatty acid intake on plasma apolipoproteins, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and LDL particle size. However, there is strong (GRADE rating: moderate quality) evidence to suggest that male APOE-E4 carriers (rs429358, rs7412) exhibit significant triglyceride reductions in response to omega-3-rich fish oil with a dose-response effect. Moreover, strong (GRADE rating: high quality) evidence suggests that a 31-SNP nutrigenetic risk score can predict plasma triglyceride responsiveness to omega-3-rich fish oil in adults with overweight/obesity from various ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS Most evidence in this area is weak, but two specific nutrigenetic interactions exhibited strong evidence, with generalisability limited to specific populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020185087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Keathley
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Garneau
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Robitaille
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Desroches
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Université Laval, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Universite Laval, School of Nutrition, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Liu H, Wang F, Liu X, Xie Y, Xia H, Wang S, Sun G. Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:20. [PMID: 35144649 PMCID: PMC8832668 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary fatty acids intake affects the composition of erythrocyte fatty acids, which is strongly correlated with glycolipid metabolism disorders. This study aimed at investigating the different effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) on the fatty acids of erythrocytes and glycolipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The randomized double-blinded trial that was performed on 180 T2DM patients. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups for the six-month intervention. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups for the six-month intervention. The fish oil (FO) group was administered with FO at a dose of 3 g/day containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the perilla oil (PO) group was administered with PO at a dose of 3 g/day containing α-linolenic (ALA), the linseed and fish oil (LFO) group was administered with mixed linseed and fish oil at a dose of 3 g/day containing EPA, DHA and ALA. Demographic information were collected and anthropometric indices, glucose and lipid metabolism indexes, erythrocyte fatty acid composition were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA. Results A total of 150 patients finished the trial, with 52 of them in the FO group, 50 in the PO group and 48 in the LFO group. There were significant effects of time × treatment interaction on fast blood glucose (FBG), insulin, HOMA-IR and C-peptide, TC and triglyceride (TG) levels (P < 0.001). Glucose and C-peptide in PO and LFO groups decreased significantly and serum TG in FO group significantly decreased (P < 0.001) after the intervention. Erythrocyte C22: 5 n-6, ALA, DPA, n-6/n-3 PUFA, AA/EPA levels in the PO group were significantly higher than FO and LFO groups, while EPA, total n-3 PUFA and Omega-3 index were significantly higher in the FO and LFO groups compared to PO group. Conclusion Supplementation with perilla oil decreased FBG while fish oil supplementation decreased the TG level. Marine-based and plant-based n-3 PUFAs exhibit different effects on fatty acid compositions of erythrocytes and regulated glycolipid metabolism. Trial registration This trial was recorded under Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center (NO: ChiCTR-IOR-16008435) on May 28 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Guanlin Hospital, 17 Wenwei Road, Yixing, 214251, China
| | - Yulan Xie
- Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Wang C, Murphy J, Delaney KZ, Khor N, Morais JA, Tsoukas MA, Lowry DE, Mutch DM, Santosa S. Association between rs174537 FADS1 polymorphism and immune cell profiles in abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue: an exploratory study in adults with obesity. Adipocyte 2021; 10:124-130. [PMID: 33595419 PMCID: PMC7894460 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1888470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) polymorphisms alter fatty acid content in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT); however, existing evidence is limited and conflicting regarding the association between FADS1 variants and SAT inflammatory status. To advance this area, we conducted an exploratory study to investigate whether the common rs174537 polymorphism in FADS1 was associated with immune cell profiles in abdominal and femoral SAT in individuals with obesity. FADS1 gene expression and immune cell profiles in SAT depots were assessed by qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Although FADS1 gene expression was associated with genotype, no associations were observed with immune cell profiles in either depot. Our study provides additional evidence that rs174537 in FADS1 has minimal impact on inflammatory status in obese SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Wang
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jessica Murphy
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kerri Z. Delaney
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Natalie Khor
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - José A. Morais
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael A. Tsoukas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dana E. Lowry
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - David M. Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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10
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Murff HJ, Shrubsole MJ, Cai Q, Su T, Dooley JH, Cai SS, Zheng W, Dai Q. N-3 Long Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation, Fatty Acids Desaturase Activity, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1388-1398. [PMID: 34291724 PMCID: PMC8782932 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1955286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce colorectal cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on markers of rectal cell proliferation and apoptosis and examine how genetic variation in desaturase enzymes might modify this effect. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, control six-month trial of 2.5 grams of n-3 LCPUFA per day compared to olive oil. Study participants had a history of colorectal adenomas. Randomization was stratified based on the gene variant rs174535 in the fatty acid desaturase 1 enzyme (FADS1). Our primary outcome was change in markers of rectal epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS A total of 141 subjects were randomized. We found no difference in apoptosis markers between participants randomized to n-3 LCPUFA compared to olive oil (P = 0.41). N-3 LCPUFA supplementation increased cell proliferation in the lower colonic crypt compared to olive oil (P = 0.03) however baseline indexes of proliferation were different between the groups at randomization. We found no evidence that genotype modified the effect. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not show evidence of a proliferative or pro-apoptotic effect on n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on rectal mucosa regardless of the FADS genotype.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01661764Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1955286.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J. Murff
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Timothy Su
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Sunny S. Cai
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Wei Zheng
- GRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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11
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Horne JR. Strengthening the Reporting of Nutritional Genomics Research to Inform Knowledge Translation in Personalized Nutrition. Lifestyle Genom 2021; 14:43-48. [PMID: 33477140 DOI: 10.1159/000512544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of researching nutrigenetic interactions is to be able to provide individuals with genetically-tailored nutrition advice (when evidence is sufficient) in an effort to optimize health outcomes. Accordingly, original research often discusses the potential for the results to inform genetically-tailored nutrition advice. Despite this, many studies do not report their methods, results, and discussion in a manner that is conducive to knowledge translation. With several consumer nutritional genomics companies now offering genetic testing for personalized nutrition, proper reporting of nutritional genomics research for knowledge translation is of vital importance. Common reporting errors relate to SNP and genotype reporting, results lacking detail, consideration of linkage disequilibrium, mechanisms of action/functional SNPs, details of dietary intake, and sample reporting. Because of this, knowledge translation professionals may be unable or challenged in their attempt to use the findings from such research to inform clinical practice in nutritional genomics and personalized nutrition. The present article provides an overview of the issues at hand. It further pre-sents a checklist as well as table and figure templates for researchers to use when reporting the results of original research in nutritional genomics to inform knowledge translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R Horne
- Centre nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS) - Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,
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12
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Fujii TMDM, Norde MM, Fisberg RM, Marchioni DML, Ordovás JM, Rogero MM. FADS1 and ELOVL2 polymorphisms reveal associations for differences in lipid metabolism in a cross-sectional population-based survey of Brazilian men and women. Nutr Res 2020; 78:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Juan J, Huang H, Jiang X, Ardisson Korat AV, Song M, Sun Q, Willett WC, Jensen MK, Kraft P. Joint effects of fatty acid desaturase 1 polymorphisms and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on circulating fatty acid proportions. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 107:826-833. [PMID: 29722844 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with a lower risk of multiple diseases. Fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake are both established determinants of circulating PUFA proportions. Objective We explored the joint effects of FADS1 polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake on circulating PUFA proportions. Design We studied 2288 participants from a nested case-control study of coronary artery disease among participants who provided blood samples in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Dietary PUFA intake was obtained from semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. FADS1 rs174546 was genotyped by using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform, and circulating PUFA proportions were measured with gas-liquid chromatography. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between rs174546 and circulating proportions of each fatty acid. Gene-diet interactions were tested by including a cross-product term of dietary intake of each PUFA by rs174546 genotype in the linear regression models. Results After adjustment for sex and ancestry, each copy of the C allele of rs174546 was associated with higher circulating proportions of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower proportions of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. The magnitude of positive association between higher consumption of dietary EPA or DHA and circulating proportions of EPA increased with each copy of the rs174546_T allele (P-interaction = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). Each 1-SD increment in EPA intake was associated with an average 3.7% increase in circulating EPA proportions among participants with the rs174546_CC genotype and an average 7.8% increase among participants with the TT genotype. Conclusions Carriers of the T allele at FADS1 rs174546 may need higher doses of dietary EPA and DHA to achieve the same circulating proportions of EPA as carriers of the C allele. The implications of these findings on disease risk and dietary guidelines require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Juan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Andres V Ardisson Korat
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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14
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The Effect of an Infant Formula Supplemented with AA and DHA on Fatty Acid Levels of Infants with Different FADS Genotypes: The COGNIS Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030602. [PMID: 30871048 PMCID: PMC6470942 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes influence the arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid concentrations (crucial in early life). Infants with specific genotypes may require different amounts of these fatty acids (FAs) to maintain an adequate status. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an infant formula supplemented with AA and DHA on FAs of infants with different FADS genotypes. In total, 176 infants from the COGNIS study were randomly allocated to the Standard Formula (SF; n = 61) or the Experimental Formula (EF; n = 70) group, the latter supplemented with AA and DHA. Breastfed infants were added as a reference group (BF; n = 45). FAs and FADS polymorphisms were analyzed from cheek cells collected at 3 months of age. FADS minor allele carriership in formula fed infants, especially those supplemented, was associated with a declined desaturase activity and lower AA and DHA levels. Breastfed infants were not affected, possibly to the high content of AA and DHA in breast milk. The supplementation increased AA and DHA levels, but mostly in major allele carriers. In conclusion, infant FADS genotype could contribute to narrow the gap of AA and DHA concentrations between breastfed and formula fed infants.
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15
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Zhao L, Chang H, Zhou DS, Cai J, Fan W, Tang W, Tang W, Li X, Liu W, Liu F, He Y, Bai Y, Sun Y, Dai J, Li L, Xiao X, Zhang C, Li M. Replicated associations of FADS1, MAD1L1, and a rare variant at 10q26.13 with bipolar disorder in Chinese population. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:270. [PMID: 30531795 PMCID: PMC6286364 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder (BPD), have revealed essential information regarding the underlying pathological mechanisms. While such studies in populations of European ancestry have achieved prominent success, understanding the genetic risk factors of these illnesses (especially BPD) in Chinese population remains an urgent task. Given the lack of genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BPD in Chinese population from Mainland China, replicating the previously reported GWAS hits in distinct populations will provide valuable information for future GWAS analysis in Han Chinese. In the present study, we have recruited 1146 BPD cases and 1956 controls from Mainland China for genetic analyses, as well as 65 Han Chinese brain amygdala tissues for mRNA expression analyses. Using this clinical sample, one of the largest Han Chinese BPD samples till now, we have conducted replication analyses of 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extracted from previous GWAS of distinct populations. Among the 21 tested SNPs, 16 showed the same direction of allelic effects in our samples compared with previous studies; 6 SNPs achieved nominal significance (p < 0.05) at one-tailed test, and 2 additional SNPs showed marginal significance (p < 0.10). Aside from replicating previously reported BPD risk SNPs, we herein also report several intriguing findings: (1) the SNP rs174576 was associated with BPD in our Chinese sample and in the overall global meta-analysis, and was significantly correlated with FADS1 mRNA in diverse public RNA-seq datasets as well as our in house collected Chinese amygdala samples; (2) two (partially) independent SNPs in MAD1L1 were both significantly associated with BPD in our Chinese sample, which was also supported by haplotype analysis; (3) a rare SNP rs78089757 in 10q26.13 region was a genome-wide significant variant for BPD in East Asians, and this SNP was near monomorphic in Europeans. In sum, these results confirmed several significant BPD risk genes. We hope this Chinese BPD case-control sample and the current brain amygdala tissues (with continuous increasing sample size in the near future) will provide helpful resources in elucidating the genetic and molecular basis of BPD in this major world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Jinhua Second Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Lankinen M, Uusitupa M, Schwab U. Genes and Dietary Fatty Acids in Regulation of Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111785. [PMID: 30453550 PMCID: PMC6265745 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid compositions of plasma lipids and cell membranes of certain tissues are modified by dietary fatty acid composition. Furthermore, many other factors (age, sex, ethnicity, health status, genes, and gene × diet interactions) affect the fatty acid composition of cell membranes or plasma lipid compartments. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the complexity of mechanisms that may modify fatty acid compositions of plasma or tissues. We carried out an extensive literature survey of gene × diet interaction in the regulation of fatty acid compositions. Most of the related studies have been observational studies, but there are also a few intervention trials that tend to confirm that true interactions exist. Most of the studies deal with the desaturase enzyme cluster (FADS1, FADS2) in chromosome 11 and elongase enzymes. We expect that new genetic variants are being found that are linked with the genetic regulation of plasma or tissue fatty acid composition. This information is of great help to understanding the contribution of dietary fatty acids and their endogenic metabolism to the development of some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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17
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AbuMweis SS, Panchal SK, Jones PJH. Triacylglycerol-Lowering Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Not Influenced by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Humans. Lipids 2018; 53:897-908. [PMID: 30407633 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The triacylglycerol (TAG)-lowering effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids, and in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are well documented, although these effects manifest large interindividual variability. The objective of this secondary analysis is to investigate whether common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes involved in DHA synthesis and TAG metabolism are associated with the responsiveness of blood lipids, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentration to dietary treatment by DHA supplied in high-oleic canola oil (HOCO). In a randomized, crossover-controlled feeding trial, 129 subjects with metabolic syndrome received high-oleic canola oil (HOCO) and high-oleic canola oil supplemented with DHA (HOCO-DHA), each for 4 weeks. During the HOCO-DHA phase, the intake of DHA ranged from 1 to 2.5 g/day. The subjects were genotyped for apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms, and SNP including FADS1-rs174561, FADS2-rs174583, ELOVL2-rs953413, ELOVL5-rs2397142, CETP-rs5882, SCD1-rs2234970, PPARA-rs6008259, and LIPF-rs814628 were selected as important genes controlling fatty acid metabolism. Overall, consumption of HOCO-DHA oil reduced blood concentrations of TAG by 24% compared to HOCO oil. The reduction in TAG was independent of genetic variations in the studied genes. Similarly, no treatment-by-gene interactions were evident in the response to other lipids, lipoproteins, or apolipoproteins to DHA supplementation. Nevertheless, a lower interindividual variation in the TAG response to DHA supplementation compared to other studies was observed in this analysis. The TAG-lowering effect of a supplemental body-weight-based dose of DHA was not influenced by genetic variations in APOE, FADS1, FADS2, ELOVL2, ELOVL5, CETP, SCD1, PPARA, and LIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad S AbuMweis
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Damascus Hwy, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, West Street, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Foods and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
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18
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In a pilot study, reduced fatty acid desaturase 1 function was associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and response to treatment in children. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:696-703. [PMID: 30120404 PMCID: PMC6726123 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FADS1 gene encodes delta 5 desaturase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Minor alleles of FADS1 locus polymorphisms are associated with reduced FADS1 expression and intra-hepatic fat accumulation. However, the relationship between FADS1 expression and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk remains to be explored. METHODS We analyzed FADS1 transcription levels and their association with intra-hepatic fat and histology in children, and we performed pathway enrichment analysis on transcriptomic profiles associated with FADS1 polymorphisms. We also evaluated the weight of FADS1 alleles on the response to combined docosahexaenoic acid, choline, and vitamin E (DHA-CHO-VE) treatment. RESULTS FADS1 mRNA level was significantly and inversely associated with intra-hepatic fat (p = 0.004), degree of steatosis (p = 0.03), fibrosis (p = 0.05), and NASH (p = 0.008) among pediatric livers. Transcriptomics demonstrated a significant enrichment of a number of pathways strongly related to NAFLD (e.g., liver damage, fibrosis, and hepatic stellate cell activation). Compared to children who are common allele homozygotes, children with FADS1 minor alleles had a greater reduction in steatosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD activity score after DHA-CHO-VE. CONCLUSION This study suggests that decreased FADS1 expression may be associated with NAFLD in children but an increased response to DHA-CHO-VE.
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19
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Halade GV, Black LM, Verma MK. Paradigm shift - Metabolic transformation of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids to bioactives exemplify the promise of fatty acid drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:935-953. [PMID: 29499340 PMCID: PMC5971137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid drug discovery (FADD) is defined as the identification of novel, specialized bioactive mediators that are derived from fatty acids and have precise pharmacological/therapeutic potential. A number of reports indicate that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and limited intake of omega-6 promotes overall health benefits. In 1929, Burr and Burr indicated the significant role of essential fatty acids for survival and functional health of many organs. In reference to specific dietary benefits of differential omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids (DHA and EPA) are transformed to monohydroxy, dihydroxy, trihydroxy, and other complex mediators during infection, injury, and exercise to resolve inflammation. The presented FADD approach describes the metabolic transformation of DHA and EPA in response to injury, infection, and exercise to govern uncontrolled inflammation. Metabolic transformation of DHA and EPA into a number of pro-resolving molecules exemplifies a novel, inexpensive approach compared to traditional, expensive drug discovery. DHA and EPA have been recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease since 1970. Therefore, the FADD approach is relevant to cardiovascular disease and resolution of inflammation in many injury models. Future research demands identification of novel action targets, receptors for biomolecules, mechanism(s), and drug-interactions with resolvins in order to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Laurence M Black
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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20
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Vazquez-Vidal I, Voruganti VS, Hannon BA, Andrade FCD, Aradillas-García C, Nakamura MT, Terán-García M. Serum Lipid Concentrations and FADS Genetic Variants in Young Mexican College Students: The UP-AMIGOS Cohort Study. Lifestyle Genom 2018; 11:40-48. [PMID: 29847832 DOI: 10.1159/000488085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies in the Mexican population have identified several genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels in adults. However, studies focusing on the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster have been understudied in this population, even though it seems associated with lipid profiles in other ethnicities. The aim of this study was to test associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FADS cluster (rs174546, rs1535, rs174548, rs174550, rs174450, and rs174618) and serum lipid profiles in young Mexicans. METHODS Anthropometrics, serum lipid profiles, and FADS SNPs were measured in 998 subjects in the UP-AMIGOS cohort study. Genotype-phenotype (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL]) associations were assessed using PLINK adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Among 6 FADS SNPs, we found that carriers of the C-allele of the FADS1-rs174546 showed a significant association with lower TG concentrations (β = -12.6 mg/dL, p = 0.009) and lower VLDL concentrations (β = -2.52 mg/dL, p = 0.005). We found that rs174546, rs1535, and rs174550 were in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.80). There were no significant associations between rs174550, rs174548, and rs174618 and lipid profiles. CONCLUSION A genetic variant in the FADS1 (rs174546) gene is a major contributor of plasma TG and VLDL concentrations in healthy young Mexicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Vazquez-Vidal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bridget A Hannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Celia Aradillas-García
- Coordination for the Innovation and Application of Science and Technology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Margarita Terán-García
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Cooperative Extension, Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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21
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Randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial of omega 3 fatty acids for prevention of aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal pain. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 167:709-718. [PMID: 29101597 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aromatase inhibitor (AI)-induced joint symptoms negatively impact drug adherence and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Mechanisms underlying symptoms may include inflammation. It is hypothesized that n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties and may reduce symptoms. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing 4.3 g/day n - 3 PUFA supplements vs placebo for 24 weeks in postmenopausal breast cancer patients starting adjuvant AIs. Primary endpoints were adherence and tolerability; secondary outcomes included inflammatory cytokines and symptoms assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory short form (BPI-SF) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Endocrine Symptoms (FACT-ES) at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. RESULTS Forty-four women were randomized, of which 35 completed the study. Adherence was ≥ 88% based on these 35 patients with pill counts as well as change in red blood cell (RBC) n - 3 PUFAs. Common toxicities included grade 1 flatulence (55% of both groups) and belching (45% of n - 3 group). Mean pain severity scores (BPI-SF) did not change significantly by time or treatment arm. Quality of life, based on FACT-ES scores, significantly decreased within placebo (p = 0.04), but not the n - 3 group (p = 0.58), with a trend toward between-group differences (p = 0.06) at 12 weeks, but no significant differences at 24 weeks. RBC n - 3 levels were strongly positively correlated with FACT-ES at 12 weeks, but attenuated at 24 weeks. CONCLUSION High-dose n - 3 PUFA supplementation is feasible and well tolerated when administered with AIs. Additional studies are needed to evaluate efficacy in prevention of joint symptoms.
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22
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Meldrum SJ, Li Y, Zhang G, Heaton AEM, D’Vaz N, Manz J, Reischl E, Koletzko BV, Prescott SL, Simmer K. Can polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster alter the effects of fish oil supplementation on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid profiles? An exploratory study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2583-2594. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Roke K, Walton K, Klingel SL, Harnett A, Subedi S, Haines J, Mutch DM. Evaluating Changes in Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake after Receiving Personal FADS1 Genetic Information: A Randomized Nutrigenetic Intervention. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030240. [PMID: 28272299 PMCID: PMC5372903 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenetics research is anticipated to lay the foundation for personalized dietary recommendations; however, it remains unclear if providing individuals with their personal genetic information changes dietary behaviors. Our objective was to evaluate if providing information for a common variant in the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene changed omega-3 fatty acid (FA) intake and blood levels in young female adults (18–25 years). Participants were randomized into Genetic (intervention) and Non-Genetic (control) groups, with measurements taken at Baseline and Final (12 weeks). Dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was assessed using an omega-3 food frequency questionnaire. Red blood cell (RBC) FA content was quantified by gas chromatography. Implications of participation in a nutrigenetics study and awareness of omega-3 FAs were assessed with online questionnaires. Upon completion of the study, EPA and DHA intake increased significantly (p = 1.0 × 10−4) in all participants. This change was reflected by small increases in RBC %EPA. Participants in the Genetic group showed increased awareness of omega-3 terminology by the end of the study, reported that the dietary recommendations were more useful, and rated cost as a barrier to omega-3 consumption less often than those in the Non-Genetic group. Providing participants FADS1 genetic information did not appear to influence omega-3 intake during the 12 weeks, but did change perceptions and behaviors related to omega-3 FAs in this timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Roke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Walton
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Amber Harnett
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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24
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The impact of fatty acid desaturase genotype on fatty acid status and cardiovascular health in adults. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 76:64-75. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to determine the impact of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genotype on plasma and tissue concentrations of the long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA, including EPA and DHA, which are associated with the risk of several diet-related chronic diseases, including CVD. In addition to dietary intakes, which are low for many individuals, tissue EPA and DHA are also influenced by the rate of bioconversion from α-linolenic acid (αLNA). Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase enzymes, encoded for by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key desaturation enzymes involved in the bioconversion of essential fatty acids (αLNA and linoleic acid (LA)) to longer chained PUFA. In general, carriers of FADS minor alleles tend to have higher habitual plasma and tissue levels of LA and αLNA, and lower levels of arachidonic acid, EPA and also to a lesser extent DHA. In conclusion, available research findings suggest that FADS minor alleles are also associated with reduced inflammation and CVD risk, and that dietary total fat and fatty acid intake have the potential to modify relationships between FADS gene variants and circulating fatty acid levels. However to date, neither the size-effects of FADS variants on fatty acid status, nor the functional SNP in FADS1 and 2 have been identified. Such information could contribute to the refinement and targeting of EPA and DHA recommendations, whereby additional LC n-3 PUFA intakes could be recommended for those carrying FADS minor alleles.
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25
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Roke K, Jannas-Vela S, Spriet LL, Mutch DM. FADS2 genotype influences whole-body resting fat oxidation in young adult men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:791-4. [PMID: 27144909 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence supports an association between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) polymorphisms and the efficiency of converting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) via the desaturation-elongation pathway. However, ALA conversion into EPA represents only 1 of the metabolic fates for this essential fatty acid, as ALA is also highly oxidized. This study demonstrates for the first time that genetic variation in FADS2 (rs174576) is not only associated with the activity of the desaturation-elongation pathway, but also whole-body fat oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Roke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sebastian Jannas-Vela
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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26
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Takkunen MJ, de Mello VD, Schwab US, Kuusisto J, Vaittinen M, Ågren JJ, Laakso M, Pihlajamäki J, Uusitupa MIJ. Gene-diet interaction of a common FADS1
variant with marine polyunsaturated fatty acids for fatty acid composition in plasma and erythrocytes among men. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:381-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus J. Takkunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Vanessa D. de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Ursula S. Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Jyrki J. Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Matti I. J. Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Research Unit; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
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27
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Smith CE, Follis JL, Nettleton JA, Foy M, Wu JHY, Ma Y, Tanaka T, Manichakul AW, Wu H, Chu AY, Steffen LM, Fornage M, Mozaffarian D, Kabagambe EK, Ferruci L, Chen YDI, Rich SS, Djoussé L, Ridker PM, Tang W, McKnight B, Tsai MY, Bandinelli S, Rotter JI, Hu FB, Chasman DI, Psaty BM, Arnett DK, King IB, Sun Q, Wang L, Lumley T, Chiuve SE, Siscovick DS, Ordovás JM, Lemaitre RN. Dietary fatty acids modulate associations between genetic variants and circulating fatty acids in plasma and erythrocyte membranes: Meta-analysis of nine studies in the CHARGE consortium. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1373-83. [PMID: 25626431 PMCID: PMC4491005 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Tissue concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids may reduce cardiovascular disease risk, and genetic variants are associated with circulating fatty acids concentrations. Whether dietary fatty acids interact with genetic variants to modify circulating omega-3 fatty acids is unclear. We evaluated interactions between genetic variants and fatty acid intakes for circulating alpha-linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted meta-analyses (N = 11 668) evaluating interactions between dietary fatty acids and genetic variants (rs174538 and rs174548 in FADS1 (fatty acid desaturase 1), rs7435 in AGPAT3 (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate), rs4985167 in PDXDC1 (pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain-containing 1), rs780094 in GCKR (glucokinase regulatory protein), and rs3734398 in ELOVL2 (fatty acid elongase 2)). Stratification by measurement compartment (plasma versus erthyrocyte) revealed compartment-specific interactions between FADS1 rs174538 and rs174548 and dietary alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid for docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce earlier reports that genetically based differences in circulating fatty acids may be partially due to differences in the conversion of fatty acid precursors. Further, fatty acids measurement compartment may modify gene-diet relationships, and considering compartment may improve the detection of gene-fatty acids interactions for circulating fatty acid outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA*
| | - Jack L Follis
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Cooperative Engineering, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Nettleton
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Millennia Foy
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA*
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ani W Manichakul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edmond K Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luigi Ferruci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, Section on Statistical Genetics, and The Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie E Chiuve
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA*
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional Investigación Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrilenõs de Estudios Avanzados Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
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