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Impact of dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on murine gut microbiota and intestinal IgA secretion. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:56. [PMID: 35186653 PMCID: PMC8811108 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered as prebiotics and are well known for their health-promoting properties, including antitumor, allergy-preventive, and infection-protective effects. They exert these effects by modulating the gut microbial composition and dynamics. In the present study, we performed a comparative whole metagenome shotgun sequencing analysis (WMGS) to elucidate the gut microbiota and secretary Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) dynamics as a result of 5% (w/w) FOS supplementation over a period of 7 days (fecal samples were collected every day). A number of taxa including Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Clostridia, Faecalibaculum, and Enterorhabdus were found to be modulated with SIgA production in the murine gut. The process of SIgA production from FOS metabolization was found to be carried out via the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Species of Bacteroides and Roseburia; namely, B. caccae, B. finegoldii, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotamicron, and Roseburia intestinalis, respectively, are predominantly responsible for FOS metabolization in the murine gut. The abundances of these bacterial species and their corresponding functions involved in FOS metabolization decreased over time even though these prebiotics were administered continuously for seven days. This suggests that there is a decrease in FOS metabolization over time. In addition, the present analysis suggests that the administration of FOS may help to reduce the pathogenic bacteria from the gut via SIgA production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03116-3.
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Wang X, Wu M. Research progress of gut microbiota and frailty syndrome. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1525-1536. [PMID: 34712824 PMCID: PMC8511967 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a clinical syndrome caused by homeostasis imbalance. It is characterized by marked vulnerability to endogenous or exogenous stressors, reduced self-care ability, and increased mortality risk. This aging-related syndrome is common in individuals older than 65 years and carries an increased risk for poor health outcomes. These include falls, incident disability, incapacity, and mortality. In addition, it can result in a poor prognosis for other comorbidities. With the aging population, frailty increases the burden of adverse health outcomes. Studies on frailty are at their infancy. In addition, there is a lack of thorough understanding of its pathogenesis. Several studies have suggested that frailty is caused by chronic inflammation due to enhanced intestinal permeability following gut microbiota imbalance as well as pathogen-related antibodies entering the circulation system. These result in musculoskeletal system disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. However, this assumption has not been validated in large cohort-based studies. Several studies have suggested that inflammation is not the only cause of frailty. Hence, further studies are necessary to extend our understanding of its pathogenesis. This review summarizes the research findings in the field and expands on the possible role of the gut microbiota in frailty syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Geriatrics Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Min Wu
- Geriatrics Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
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Effect of High Fat and Fructo-Oligosaccharide Consumption on Immunoglobulin A in Saliva and Salivary Glands in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041252. [PMID: 33920202 PMCID: PMC8070188 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of indigestible dietary fiber increases immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in saliva. The purpose of this study is to clarify the synergistic effect of the intake of a high amount of fats and indigestible dietary fiber on IgA levels in saliva and submandibular glands (SMG). Seven-week-old Wistar rats were fed a low-fat (60 g/kg) fiberless diet, low-fat fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS, 30 g/kg) diet, high-fat (220 g/kg) fiberless diet, or high-fat FOS diet for 70 days. The IgA flow rate of saliva (IgA FR-saliva) was higher in the low-fat FOS group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the concentration of tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker of sympathetic nerve activation) in the SMG was higher in the low-fat FOS group (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the IgA FR-saliva (rs = 0.68. p < 0.0001. n = 32) in comparison to that in the other groups. These findings suggest that during low-fat FOS intake, salivary IgA levels may increase through sympathetic nerve activation.
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Yamamoto Y, Morozumi T, Takahashi T, Saruta J, To M, Sakaguchi W, Shimizu T, Kubota N, Tsukinoki K. Faster Short-Chain Fatty Acid Absorption from the Cecum Following Polydextrose Ingestion Increases the Salivary Immunoglobulin A Flow Rate in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061745. [PMID: 32545166 PMCID: PMC7353249 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a vital role in preventing upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). In our previous study, we showed that the intake of carbohydrates increases the intestinal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which in turn increase salivary IgA levels. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated in rats the effect of polydextrose (PDX) ingestion on salivary IgA level and SCFA concentration in cecal digesta and the portal vein. Five-week-old rats were fed with a fiber-free diet (control) or with 40 g/kg of PDX for 28 days. Compared to the control, ingestion of PDX led to a higher salivary IgA flow rate (p = 0.0013) and a higher concentration of SCFAs in the portal vein (p = 0.004). These two data were positively correlated (rs = 0.88, p = 0.0002, n = 12). In contrast, the concentration of SCFAs in cecal digesta and cecal digesta viscosity were significantly lower following PDX ingestion, compared to the control (p = 0.008 and 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that the ingestion of PDX increases the absorption rate of SCFAs in the intestine through PDX-induced fermentation, which is accompanied by an increase in SCFA levels in the blood, and ultimately leads to increased salivary IgA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Junior College, School of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Health, Kanazawa Gakuin University, 10 Sue-machi, Kanazawa 9201392, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Juri Saruta
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (J.S.); (W.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Masahiro To
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Wakako Sakaguchi
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (J.S.); (W.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Tomoko Shimizu
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 2210835, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Nobuhisa Kubota
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (J.S.); (W.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (J.S.); (W.S.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-46-822-8866
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Yamamoto Y, Kubota N, Takahashi T, To M, Hayashi T, Shimizu T, Kamata Y, Saruta J, Tsukinoki K. Continuous combined intake of polydextrose and lactitol stimulates cecal fermentation and salivary IgA secretion in rats. J Oral Sci 2018; 59:603-610. [PMID: 29279570 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which plays an important role in infection defense, is upregulated in the large intestine and oral cavity through dietary fiber intake. However, the mechanism underlying salivary IgA increase through dietary fiber intake remains unknown. This study investigated time-dependent effects of non-absorbable polydextrose (PDX) and lactitol intake on salivary IgA secretion and cecal fermentation. Five-week-old rats were fed a fiber-free diet with or without 25 g/kg PDX and 25 g/kg lactitol for 1, 4, and 8 weeks. Compared to control, those who ingested PDX and lactitol had higher salivary IgA flow rates per weight of submandibular gland tissue at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05), greater cecal weight and digesta at 1, 4, and 8 weeks (P < 0.05), and lower concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal digesta (P = 0.0003). These findings suggest that the consumption of PDX and lactitol may upregulate salivary IgA secretion possibly by stimulating absorption of SCFAs produced by cecal fermentation. Thus, continuous ingestion of PDX and lactitol for up to 4 weeks could increase salivary IgA and promote immune defense against pathogen invasion through the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University, Junior College
| | - Nobuhisa Kubota
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University
| | - Masahiro To
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Tomoko Shimizu
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Yohei Kamata
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Juri Saruta
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
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Harvie ML, Norris MAT, Sevilla WMA. Soluble Fiber Use in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: A Survey on Prevailing Practices. Nutr Clin Pract 2018; 33:539-544. [PMID: 29767462 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS), adding fiber to enteral feedings is 1 treatment method to manage increased stool output. However, there are no standardized recommendations on the use of fiber in this setting, including type, dosage, titration strategies, etc. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine current prevailing practices on the use of fiber in the treatment of chronic high stool output in the pediatric SBS population. METHODS An anonymous electronic survey with 13 questions was sent through health professional electronic mailing lists. The survey was completed by healthcare professionals including physicians (primary care, subspecialists, and surgeons), nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians. RESULTS A total of 94 responses were received. The most common supplemental fiber used was pectin (62.8%). The 2 major factors considered when initiating fiber therapy were consistency of stool (74.5%) and volume of stool output (85.1%). The major factor that determined discontinuation of fiber was abdominal distention (67%). A majority of providers waited 2 weeks or less to see improvement following fiber initiation before discontinuing it. CONCLUSIONS The goal of the survey was to gather more information with regard to fiber use in the management of SBS patients. The data collected can be used to provide future direction on determining best practices for fiber use in SBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Linley Harvie
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Wednesday Marie A Sevilla
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yamamoto Y, Fujino K, Saruta J, Takahashi T, To M, Fuchida S, Shimizu T, Kamata Y, Misawa K, Tsukinoki K. Effects of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii
ssp. bulgaricus
OLL1073R-1 on the IgA flow rate of saliva in elderly persons residing in a nursing home: A before-after non-randomised intervention study. Gerodontology 2017; 34:479-485. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Junior College; School of Dental Hygiene; Kanagawa Dental University; Yokosuka Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujino
- Department of Oral Science; Division of Environmental Pathology; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental UniversityGraduate School of Dentistry; Yokosuka Japan
| | - Juri Saruta
- Department of Oral Science; Division of Environmental Pathology; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental UniversityGraduate School of Dentistry; Yokosuka Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; Fukuoka Women's University; Fukuoka UK
| | - Masahiro To
- Division of Dental Anatomy; Department of Oral Science; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Graduate School of Dentistry; Yokosuka Japan
| | - Shinya Fuchida
- Department of Dental Sociology; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Graduate School of Dentistry; Yokosuka Japan
| | - Tomoko Shimizu
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Graduate School of Dentistry; Yokosuka Japan
| | - Yohei Kamata
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Graduate School of Dentistry; Yokosuka Japan
| | - Kyoko Misawa
- Elderly Nursing Home; Samukawa Home; Samukawa Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Oral Science; Division of Environmental Pathology; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental UniversityGraduate School of Dentistry; Yokosuka Japan
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Iwai K, Yoshikawa Y, Miyoshi N, Fukutomi R, Asada K, Ohashi N. Effects of Short-Term Intake of Wheat Bran with Different Particle Sizes on the Murine Intestinal Environment. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Iwai
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | | | - Norio Ohashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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