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Murgia C, Dehlia A, Guthridge MA. New insights into the nutritional genomics of adult-onset riboflavin-responsive diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:42. [PMID: 37845732 PMCID: PMC10580530 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin, or vitamin B2, is an essential nutrient that serves as a precursor to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The binding of the FAD and/or FMN cofactors to flavoproteins is critical for regulating their assembly and activity. There are over 90 proteins in the human flavoproteome that regulate a diverse array of biochemical pathways including mitochondrial metabolism, riboflavin transport, ubiquinone and FAD synthesis, antioxidant signalling, one-carbon metabolism, nitric oxide signalling and peroxisome oxidative metabolism. The identification of patients with genetic variants in flavoprotein genes that lead to adult-onset pathologies remains a major diagnostic challenge. However, once identified, many patients with adult-onset inborn errors of metabolism demonstrate remarkable responses to riboflavin therapy. We review the structure:function relationships of mutant flavoproteins and propose new mechanistic insights into adult-onset riboflavin-responsive pathologies and metabolic dysregulations that apply to multiple biochemical pathways. We further address the vexing issue of how the inheritance of genetic variants in flavoprotein genes leads to an adult-onset disease with complex symptomologies and varying severities. We also propose a broad clinical framework that may not only improve the current diagnostic rates, but also facilitate a personalized approach to riboflavin therapy that is low cost, safe and lead to transformative outcomes in many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Murgia
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Ankush Dehlia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Mark A Guthridge
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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2
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Vyas DS. Advances in Nutrigenomics and Applications in Public Health: A Recent Update. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research is achieving new paradigms through recent advances in the field of Nutrigenomics. The application of genomic principles for the identification of relationships between certain specific nutrients with genetic factors is termed “Nutrigenomics”. This knowledge is essential to understanding the risk factors behind diet-related chronic degenerative diseases, which further helps resolve the underlying mechanism of genetic predisposition. Advances in Sciences associated with the study of genes have assisted in developing a deep insight into genetic variants, and gene expression patterns to work out therapeutic responses toward chronic degenerative diseases associated with Public Health. To appraise recent advances in Nutrigenomics with its application in Public health several databases including Pub Med, Google Scholar, Medline etc were investigated in detail. A total of 72 relevant peer-reviewed journal articles were included in this review paper. Nutrigenomics has an important role in comprehending how homeostatic control is maintained and the way metabolic pathways are influenced by nutrient intake. The knowledge of Nutrigenomics helps in working out personalized nutrition strategies for both prevention and management of the diseased situation. The present review article aims to investigate and present a piece of in-depth information about the latest Advances in Nutrigenomics and its application in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dr Swati Vyas
- Department of Home Science, IIS deemed to be a University, Jaipur, and Rajasthan, India
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3
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Wang J, Li J, Liu F, Huang K, Yang X, Liu X, Cao J, Chen S, Shen C, Yu L, Lu F, Zhao L, Li Y, Hu D, Huang J, Gu D, Lu X. Genetic Predisposition, Fruit Intake and Incident Stroke: A Prospective Chinese Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235056. [PMID: 36501087 PMCID: PMC9740837 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fruit intake and stroke risk considering the genetic predisposition. We used data from 34,871 participants from the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR project) from 2007 to 2020. A polygenic risk score comprising 534 genetic variants associated with stroke and its related factors was constructed to categorize individuals into low, intermediate, and high genetic risk groups. The associations of genetic and fruit intake with incident stroke were assessed by the Cox proportional hazard regression. We documented 2586 incident strokes during a median follow-up of 11.2 years. Compared with fruit intake < 200 g/week, similar relative risk reductions in stroke with adherence to fruit intake > 100 g/day across the genetic risk categories were observed (28−32%), but the absolute risk reductions were relatively larger in the highest genetic risk group (p for trend = 0.03). In comparison to those with a fruit intake < 200 g/week, those with a fruit intake >100 g/day in the low, intermediate, and high genetic risk groups had an average of 1.45 (95% CI, 0.61−2.31), 2.12 (1.63−2.59), and 2.19 (1.13−3.22) additional stroke-free years at aged 35, respectively. Our findings suggest that individuals with a high genetic risk could gain more absolute risk reductions and stroke-free years than those with a low genetic risk from increasing fruit intake for the stroke primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Fanghong Lu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-60866599
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Nacis JS, Galang MR, Labrador JPH, Gonzales MS, Dablo AMFD, Domalanta-Ronquillo DGA, Alfonso VFJ, Glorioso IG, Rodriguez MP. "Right diet for the right person": a focus group study of nutritionist-dietitians' perspectives on nutritional genomics and gene-based nutrition advice. J Community Genet 2022; 13:49-57. [PMID: 34705214 PMCID: PMC8799789 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-021-00560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nutritional genomics are intended to revolutionize nutrition practice. A basic understanding of nutritional genomics among nutritionist-dietitians is critical for such advancements to occur. As a precedent to the development and integration of gene-based nutrition advice, this study aimed to assess hospital-based nutritionist-dietitians' perceptions of nutritional genomics. A total of ten focus group discussions (FGDs) with sixty-one registered nutritionist-dietitians (RNDs) from hospitals in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines, were conducted from October to November 2019. Data were collected using a pretested semistructured discussion guide, and thematic analysis was subsequently performed. Diverging perceptions about nutritional genomics were noted among the FGD participants. Five themes emerged relating to the enablers and barriers of gene-based nutrition advice: training and capacity building, the extent of information to be disclosed, cost, ethical considerations, and government support. Themes related to the desired features of the gene-based nutrition advice included being consent-driven, cost-effective, technology-oriented, and guided by standards. The results of this study suggest that training and continued learning will equip RNDs to provide nutrition advice based on genetic information. However, other factors, such as cost and ethical considerations, are critical dimensions that need to be acknowledged and addressed before integrating gene-based advice into nutrition practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacus S Nacis
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Nutrition and Food Research and Development Division, Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), General Santos Avenue, Bicutan, 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Marilou R Galang
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Jason Paolo H Labrador
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Milflor S Gonzales
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Aurora Maria Francesca D Dablo
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Victor Franco J Alfonso
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Idelia G Glorioso
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Marietta P Rodriguez
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), 1631, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Ali A, Hamzaid NH, Ismail NAS. The Interplay of Nutriepigenomics, Personalized Nutrition and Clinical Practice in Managing Food Allergy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1275. [PMID: 34833150 PMCID: PMC8623511 DOI: 10.3390/life11111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy in children has been a common issue due to the challenges of prescribing personalized nutrition with a lack of nutriepigenomics data. This has indeed further influenced clinical practice for appropriate management. While allergen avoidance is still the main principle in food allergy management, we require more information to advance the science behind nutrition, genes, and the immune system. Many researchers have highlighted the importance of personalized nutrition but there is a lack of data on how the decision is made. Thus, this review highlights the relationship among these key players in identifying the solution to the clinical management of food allergy with current nutriepigenomics data. The discussion integrates various inputs, including clinical assessments, biomarkers, and epigenetic information pertaining to food allergy, to curate a holistic and personalized approach to food allergy management in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Hana Hamzaid
- Dietetic Program & Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies (iCaRehab), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Tutty E, Hickerton C, Terrill B, McClaren B, Tytherleigh R, Stackpoole E, Savard J, Newson A, Middleton A, Nisselle A, Cusack M, Adamski M, Gaff C, Metcalfe S. The expectations and realities of nutrigenomic testing in australia: A qualitative study. Health Expect 2021; 24:670-686. [PMID: 33635607 PMCID: PMC8077070 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumer genomic testing for nutrition and wellness, (nutritional genomics), is becoming increasingly popular. Concurrently, health-care practitioners (HPs) working in private practice (including doctors interested in integrative medicine, private genetic counsellors, pharmacists, dieticians, naturopaths and nutritionists) are involved as test facilitators or interpreters. OBJECTIVE To explore Australian consumers' and HPs' experiences with nutrigenomic testing. METHOD Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted using predominantly purposive sampling. The two data sets were analysed individually, then combined, using a constant comparative, thematic approach. RESULTS Overall, 45 interviews were conducted with consumers (n = 18) and HPs (n = 27). Many of the consumer interviewees experienced chronic ill-health. Nutrigenomic testing was perceived as empowering and a source of hope for answers. While most made changes to their diet/supplements post-test, self-reported health improvements were small. A positive relationship with their HP appeared to minimize disappointment. HPs' adoption and views of nutrigenomic testing varied. Those enthusiastic about testing saw the possibilities it could offer. However, many felt nutrigenomic testing was not the only 'tool' to utilize when offering health care. DISCUSSION This research highlights the important role HPs play in consumers' experiences of nutrigenomics. The varied practice suggests relevant HPs require upskilling in this area to at least support their patients/clients, even if nutrigenomic testing is not part of their practice. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Advisory group included patient/public group representatives who informed study design; focus group participants gave feedback on the survey from which consumer interviewees were sourced. This informed the HP data set design. Interviewees from HP data set assisted with snowball sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Tutty
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Chriselle Hickerton
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bronwyn Terrill
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceVictoriaAustralia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical SchoolUNSWSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Belinda McClaren
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rigan Tytherleigh
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elaine Stackpoole
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Present address:
Genetic Services of Western AustraliaSubiacoWAAustralia
| | - Jaqueline Savard
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Health Ethicsthe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Present address:
School of MedicineFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ainsley Newson
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Health Ethicsthe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Anna Middleton
- Society and Ethics ResearchConnecting ScienceWellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUK
- Faculty of EducationUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Amy Nisselle
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceVictoriaAustralia
| | - Marie Cusack
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Genetics EducationNSW HealthSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Melissa Adamski
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and FoodMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Clara Gaff
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceVictoriaAustralia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sylvia Metcalfe
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceVictoriaAustralia
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Sanz-González SM, García-Medina JJ, Zanón-Moreno V, López-Gálvez MI, Galarreta-Mira D, Duarte L, Valero-Velló M, Ramírez AI, Arévalo JF, Pinazo-Durán MD. Clinical and Molecular-Genetic Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Antioxidant Strategies and Future Avenues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1101. [PMID: 33182408 PMCID: PMC7697026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and ROS-signaling pathways activation attack the eyes. We evaluated the oxidative stress (OS) and the effects of a daily, core nutritional supplement regimen containing antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). A case-control study was carried out in 480 participants [287 T2DM patients with (+)/without (-) diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 193 healthy controls (CG)], randomly assigned to a daily pill of A/ω3. Periodic evaluation through 38 months allowed to outline patient characteristics, DR features, and classic/OS blood parameters. Statistics were performed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Diabetics displayed significantly higher circulating pro-oxidants (p = 0.001) and lower antioxidants (p = 0.0001) than the controls. Significantly higher plasma malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS; p = 0.006) and lower plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p = 0.042) and vitamin C (0.020) was found in T2DM + DR versus T2DM-DR. The differential expression profile of solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2) gene was seen in diabetics versus the CG (p = 0.001), and in T2DM + DR versus T2DM - DR (p < 0.05). The A/ω3 regime significantly reduced the pro-oxidants (p < 0.05) and augmented the antioxidants (p < 0.05). This follow-up study supports that a regular A/ω3 supplementation reduces the oxidative load and may serve as a dietary prophylaxis/adjunctive intervention for patients at risk of diabetic blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Sanz-González
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Ave. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.S.-G.); (J.J.G.-M.); (V.Z.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, University of Valencia, Ave. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.L.-G.); (D.G.-M.)
| | - José J. García-Medina
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Ave. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.S.-G.); (J.J.G.-M.); (V.Z.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, University of Valencia, Ave. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.L.-G.); (D.G.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, General University Hospital Morales Meseguer, Ave. Marques de los Velez, s/n 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, University of Murcia, Edificio LAIB Planta 5ª, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 El Palmar Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Zanón-Moreno
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Ave. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.S.-G.); (J.J.G.-M.); (V.Z.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, University of Valencia, Ave. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.L.-G.); (D.G.-M.)
- Area of Health, Valencian International University, Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - María I. López-Gálvez
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.L.-G.); (D.G.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University Clinic Hospital, Ave. Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Galarreta-Mira
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.L.-G.); (D.G.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University Clinic Hospital, Ave. Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lilianne Duarte
- Department of Ophthalmology, Complexo Hospitalar “Entre Douro e Vouga”, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal;
| | - Mar Valero-Velló
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Ave. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.S.-G.); (J.J.G.-M.); (V.Z.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.)
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.L.-G.); (D.G.-M.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorrinolaringology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense, Calle Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas “Ramón Castroviejo”, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Fernando Arévalo
- Wilmer s Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - María D. Pinazo-Durán
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”, Fundación Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), Ave. Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.S.-G.); (J.J.G.-M.); (V.Z.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, University of Valencia, Ave. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research “OFTARED” RD16/0008/0022, of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.L.-G.); (D.G.-M.)
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Statistical and Machine-Learning Analyses in Nutritional Genomics Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103140. [PMID: 33066636 PMCID: PMC7602401 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional compounds may have an influence on different OMICs levels, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics. The integration of OMICs data is challenging but may provide new knowledge to explain the mechanisms involved in the metabolism of nutrients and diseases. Traditional statistical analyses play an important role in description and data association; however, these statistical procedures are not sufficiently enough powered to interpret the large integrated multiple OMICs (multi-OMICS) datasets. Machine learning (ML) approaches can play a major role in the interpretation of multi-OMICS in nutrition research. Specifically, ML can be used for data mining, sample clustering, and classification to produce predictive models and algorithms for integration of multi-OMICs in response to dietary intake. The objective of this review was to investigate the strategies used for the analysis of multi-OMICs data in nutrition studies. Sixteen recent studies aimed to understand the association between dietary intake and multi-OMICs data are summarized. Multivariate analysis in multi-OMICs nutrition studies is used more commonly for analyses. Overall, as nutrition research incorporated multi-OMICs data, the use of novel approaches of analysis such as ML needs to complement the traditional statistical analyses to fully explain the impact of nutrition on health and disease.
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9
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Joffe Y, Herholdt H. What Will It Take to Build an Expert Group of Nutrigenomic Practitioners? Lifestyle Genom 2020; 13:122-128. [DOI: 10.1159/000507252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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10
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Rozga M, Latulippe ME, Steiber A. Advancements in Personalized Nutrition Technologies: Guiding Principles for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1074-1085. [PMID: 32299678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Individualized nutrition counseling and care is a cornerstone of practice for registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). The term personalized nutrition (PN) refers to "individual-specific information founded in evidence-based science to promote dietary behavior change that may result in measurable health benefits." PN technologies, which include the "omics" approaches, may offer the potential to improve specificity of nutrition care through assessment of molecular-level data, such as genes or the microbiome, in order to determine the course for nutrition intervention. These technologies are evolving rapidly, and for many RDNs, it is unclear whether, when, or how these technologies should be incorporated into the nutrition care process. In order to provide guidance in these developing PN fields, International Life Sciences Institute North America convened a multidisciplinary panel to develop guiding principles for PN approaches. The objective of this article is to inform RDN practice decisions related to the implementation of PN technologies by examining the alignment of proposed PN guiding principles with the Code of Ethics for the Nutrition and Dietetics Profession, as well as Scope and Standards of Practice. Guiding principles are described as they apply to each stage of the nutrition care process and include identifying potential beneficiaries, communicating effects transparently, and protecting individual privacy. Guiding principles for PN augment standard guidance for RDNs to pose relevant questions, raise potential concerns, and guide evaluation of supporting evidence for specific PN technologies. RDNs have a responsibility to think critically about the application of PN technologies, including appropriateness and potential effectiveness, for the individual served.
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Nutrition, Health, and Disease: Role of Selected Marine and Vegetal Nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030747. [PMID: 32168971 PMCID: PMC7146393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of new alternatives for disease prevention through the application of findings from dietary and food biotechnology is an ongoing challenge for the scientific community. New nutritional trends and the need to meet social and health demands have inspired the concept of functional foods and nutraceuticals which, in addition to their overall nutritional value, present certain properties for the maintenance of health. However, these effects are not universal. Nutrigenetics describes how the genetic profile has an impact on the response of the body to bioactive food components by influencing their absorption, metabolism, and site of action. The EbioSea Program, for biomarine prospection, and the Blue Butterfly Program, for the screening of vegetable-derived bioproducts, have identified a new series of nutraceuticals, devoid of side effects at conventional doses, with genotype-dependent preventive and therapeutic activity. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics provide the opportunity to explore the inter-individual differences in the metabolism of and response to nutrients, achieving optimal results. This fact leads to the concept of personalized nutrition as opposed to public health nutrition. Consequently, the development and prescription of nutraceuticals according to the individual genetic profile is essential to improve their effectiveness in the prevention and natural treatment of prevalent diseases.
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Brandhorst S, Longo VD. Dietary Restrictions and Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2019; 124:952-965. [PMID: 30870119 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in many developed countries and remains one of the major diseases strongly affected by the diet. Nutrition can affect CVD directly by contributing to the accumulation of vascular plaques and also indirectly by regulating the rate of aging. This review summarizes research on nutrition and CVD incidence based on a multipillar system that includes basic research focused on aging, epidemiological studies, clinical studies, and studies of centenarians. The relevant research linking nutrition and CVD with focus on macronutrients and aging will be highlighted. We will review some of the most relevant studies on nutrition and CVD treatment, also focusing on interventions known to delay aging. We will discuss both everyday dietary compositions, as well as intermittent and periodic fasting interventions with the potential to prevent and treat CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brandhorst
- From the Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.B., V.D.L.)
| | - Valter D Longo
- From the Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (S.B., V.D.L.).,Institute of Molecular Oncology, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research, Milan (V.D.L.)
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Bush CL, Blumberg JB, El-Sohemy A, Minich DM, Ordovás JM, Reed DG, Behm VAY. Toward the Definition of Personalized Nutrition: A Proposal by The American Nutrition Association. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:5-15. [PMID: 31855126 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1685332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Personalized nutrition holds tremendous potential to improve human health. Despite exponential growth, the field has yet to be clearly delineated and a consensus definition of the term "personalized nutrition" (PN) has not been developed. Defining and delineating the field will foster standardization and scalability in research, data, training, products, services, and clinical practice; and assist in driving favorable policy. Building on the seminal work of pioneering thought leaders across disciplines, we propose that personalized nutrition be defined as: a field that leverages human individuality to drive nutrition strategies that prevent, manage, and treat disease and optimize health, and be delineated by three synergistic elements: PN science and data, PN professional education and training, and PN guidance and therapeutics. Herein we describe the application of PN in these areas and discuss challenges and solutions that the field faces as it evolves. This and future work will contribute to the continued refinement and growth of the field of PN.Teaching pointsPN approaches can be most effective when there is consensus regarding its definition and applications.PN can be delineated into three main areas of application: PN science and data, PN education and training, PN guidance and therapeutics.PN science and data foster understanding about the impact of genetic, phenotypic, biochemical and nutritional inputs on an individual's health.PN education and training equip a variety of healthcare professionals to apply PN strategies in many healthcare settings.PN professionals have greater ability to tailor interventions via PN guidance and therapeutics.Favorable policy allows PN to be more fully integrated into the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne L Bush
- Nutrition Science, American Nutrition Association, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Nutrition Science, American Nutrition Association, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- American Nutrition Association, Scientific Advisory Council, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deanna M Minich
- American Nutrition Association, Scientific Advisory Council, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA.,Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, University of Western States, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jóse M Ordovás
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,American Nutrition Association, Scientific Advisory Council, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA.,Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dana G Reed
- Nutrition Science, American Nutrition Association, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA
| | - Victoria A Yunez Behm
- Nutrition Science, American Nutrition Association, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA.,Nutrition and Integrative Health, Maryland University of Integrative Health, Laurel, Maryland, USA
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Primers on nutrigenetics and nutri(epi)genomics: Origins and development of precision nutrition. Biochimie 2019; 160:156-171. [PMID: 30878492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is a central goal not just for genetics but also for medicine and biological sciences. Despite outstanding technological progresses, genetics alone is not able to completely explain phenotypes, in particular for complex diseases. Given the existence of a "missing heritability", growing attention has been given to non-mendelian mechanisms of inheritance and to the role of the environment. The study of interaction between gene and environment represents a challenging but also a promising field with high potential for health prevention, and epigenetics has been suggested as one of the best candidate to mediate environmental effects on the genome. Among environmental factors able to interact with both genome and epigenome, nutrition is one of the most impacting. Not just our genome influences the responsiveness to food and nutrients, but vice versa, nutrition can also modify gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. In this complex picture, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics represent appealing disciplines aimed to define new prospectives of personalized nutrition. This review introduces to the study of gene-environment interactions and describes how nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics modulate health, promoting or affecting healthiness through life-style, thus playing a pivotal role in modulating the effect of genetic predispositions.
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Potential Micronutrients and Phytochemicals against the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070813. [PMID: 29941777 PMCID: PMC6073117 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have shared etiology, including key etiological changes (e.g., DNA damage and epigenetics change) and lung function impairment. Focusing on those shared targets may help in the prevention of both. Certain micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and phytochemicals (carotenoids and phenols) have potent antioxidant or methyl-donating properties and thus have received considerable interest. We reviewed recent papers probing into the potential of nutrients with respect to lung function preservation and prevention of lung cancer risk, and suggest several hypothetical intervention patterns. Intakes of vitamins (i.e., A, C, D, E, B12), carotenoids, flavonoids, curcumins, resveratrol, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids all show protective effects against lung function loss, some mainly by improving average lung function and others through reducing decline rate. Dietary interventions early in life may help lung function reserve over the lifespan. Protective nutrient interventions among smokers are likely to mitigate the effects of cigarettes on lung health. We also discuss their underlying mechanisms and some possible causes for the inconsistent results in observational studies and supplementation trials. The role of the lung microbiome on lung health and its potential utility in identifying protective nutrients are discussed as well. More prospective cohorts and well-designed clinical trials are needed to promote the transition of individualized nutrient interventions into health policy.
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Collins J, Adamski MM, Twohig C, Murgia C. Opportunities for training for nutritional professionals in nutritional genomics: What is out there? Nutr Diet 2017; 75:206-218. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorja Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food; Monash University; Notting Hill Victoria Australia
- Dietetics Department; Eastern Health; Box Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Melissa M. Adamski
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food; Monash University; Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Cliona Twohig
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food; Monash University; Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Chiara Murgia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food; Monash University; Notting Hill Victoria Australia
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Beckett EL, Jones PR, Veysey M, Lucock M. Nutrigenetics—Personalized Nutrition in the Genetic Age. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2:1-8. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2017.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bland JS, Minich DM, Eck BM. A Systems Medicine Approach: Translating Emerging Science into Individualized Wellness. Adv Med 2017; 2017:1718957. [PMID: 29164177 PMCID: PMC5661085 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1718957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's aging society, more people are living with lifestyle-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Numerous opinion-leader organizations recommend lifestyle medicine as the first-line approach in NCD prevention and treatment. However, there is a strong need for a personalized approach as "one-size-fits-all" public health recommendations have been insufficient in addressing the interindividual differences in the diverse populations. Advancement in systems biology and the "omics" technologies has allowed comprehensive analysis of how complex biological systems are impacted upon external perturbations (e.g., nutrition and exercise), and therefore is gradually pushing personalized lifestyle medicine toward reality. Clinicians and healthcare practitioners have a unique opportunity in advocating lifestyle medicine because patients see them as a reliable source of advice. However, there are still numerous technical and logistic challenges to overcome before personal "big data" can be translated into actionable and clinically relevant solutions. Clinicians are also facing various issues prior to bringing personalized lifestyle medicine to their practice. Nevertheless, emerging ground-breaking research projects have given us a glimpse of how systems thinking and computational methods may lead to personalized health advice. It is important that all stakeholders work together to create the needed paradigm shift in healthcare before the rising epidemic of NCDs overwhelm the society, the economy, and the dated health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Bland
- Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D. M. Minich
- Institute for Functional Medicine, Federal Way, WA, USA
- University of Western States, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B. M. Eck
- Metagenics, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
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