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Wang T, Zeng H, Kang J, Lei L, Liu J, Zheng Y, Qian W, Fan C. Establishment of a Nucleic Acid Detection Method for Norovirus GII.2 Genotype Based on RT-RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a-LFS. Pol J Microbiol 2024; 73:253-262. [PMID: 38905280 PMCID: PMC11192556 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To establish a rapid detection method for norovirus GII.2 genotype, this study employed reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) combined with CRISPR/Cas12a and lateral flow strip (RT-RPA-Cas12a-LFS). Here, the genome of norovirus GII.2 genotype was compared to identify highly conserved sequences, facilitating the design of RT-RPA primers and crRNA specific to the conserved regions of norovirus GII.2. Subsequently, the reaction parameters of RT-RPA were optimized and evaluated using agar-gel electrophoresis and LFS. The results indicate that the conserved sequences of norovirus GII.2 were successfully amplified through RT-RPA at 37°C for 25 minutes. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated cleavage detection was achieved through LFS at 37°C within 10 minutes using the amplification products as templates. Including the isothermal amplification reaction time, the total time is 35 minutes. The established RT-RPA-Cas12a-LFS method demonstrated specific detection of norovirus GII.2, yielding negative results for other viral genomes, and exhibited an excellent detection limit of 10 copies/μl. The RT-RPA-Cas12a-LFS method was further compared with qRT-PCR by analyzing 60 food-contaminated samples. The positive conformity rate was 100%, the negative conformity rate was 95.45%, and the overall conformity rate reached 98.33%. This detection method for norovirus GII.2 genotype is cost-effective, highly sensitive, specific, and easy to operate, offering a promising technical solution for field-based detection of the norovirus GII.2 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Shaanxi Institute of Supervision and Testing on Product Quality, Xian, China
| | - Lanlan Lei
- Shaanxi Institute of Supervision and Testing on Product Quality, Xian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Supervision and Testing on Product Quality, Xian, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Shaanxi Institute of Supervision and Testing on Product Quality, Xian, China
| | - Weidong Qian
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, China
| | - Cheng Fan
- Shaanxi Institute of Supervision and Testing on Product Quality, Xian, China
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Omatola CA, Mshelbwala PP, Okolo MLO, Onoja AB, Abraham JO, Adaji DM, Samson SO, Okeme TO, Aminu RF, Akor ME, Ayeni G, Muhammed D, Akoh PQ, Ibrahim DS, Edegbo E, Yusuf L, Ocean HO, Akpala SN, Musa OA, Adamu AM. Noroviruses: Evolutionary Dynamics, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Advances-A Comprehensive Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:590. [PMID: 38932319 PMCID: PMC11209302 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses constitute a significant aetiology of sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis in human hosts worldwide, especially among young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. The low infectious dose of the virus, protracted shedding in faeces, and the ability to persist in the environment promote viral transmission in different socioeconomic settings. Considering the substantial disease burden across healthcare and community settings and the difficulty in controlling the disease, we review aspects related to current knowledge about norovirus biology, mechanisms driving the evolutionary trends, epidemiology and molecular diversity, pathogenic mechanism, and immunity to viral infection. Additionally, we discuss the reservoir hosts, intra-inter host dynamics, and potential eco-evolutionary significance. Finally, we review norovirus vaccines in the development pipeline and further discuss the various host and pathogen factors that may complicate vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Arome Omatola
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | | | - Anyebe Bernard Onoja
- Department of Virology, University College Hospital, Ibadan 211101, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Oyiguh Abraham
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - David Moses Adaji
- Department of Biotechnology Science and Engineering, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Sunday Ocholi Samson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Therisa Ojomideju Okeme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja 260101, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Ruth Foluke Aminu
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Monday Eneojo Akor
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Gideon Ayeni
- Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Danjuma Muhammed
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Universiti Putra, Seri Kembangan 43300, Malaysia
| | - Phoebe Queen Akoh
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | - Emmanuel Edegbo
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Lamidi Yusuf
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | - Sumaila Ndah Akpala
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja 260101, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Oiza Aishat Musa
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Andrew Musa Adamu
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Biosecurity, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
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3
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Khumela R, Kabue JP, de Moraes MTB, Traore AN, Potgieter N. Prevalence of Human Norovirus GII.4 Sydney 2012 [P31] between 2019 and 2021 among Young Children from Rural Communities in South Africa. Viruses 2023; 15:1682. [PMID: 37632024 PMCID: PMC10458076 DOI: 10.3390/v15081682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) accounts for considerable morbidity and mortality in the paediatric population worldwide, especially in low-income countries. Human norovirus (HNoV), particularly GII.4 strains, are important agents of AGE. This study aimed to detect and characterise HNoV in children with and without AGE. Between 2019 and 2021, 300 stool samples (200 AGE and 100 without AGE) were collected from children below 5 years of age referred to the healthcare facilities of the rural communities of Vhembe District, South Africa. After detection using real-time RT-PCR, HNoV positive samples were subjected to RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Partial nucleotide sequences (capsid/RdRp) were aligned using the Muscle tool, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 11. The nucleotides' percent identity among HNoV strains was compared using ClustalW software. A significant difference in HNoV prevalence between AGE children (37%; 74/200) and non-AGE (14%; 14/100) was confirmed (p < 0.0001). Genogroup II (GII) HNoV was predominant in AGE children (80%; 59/74), whereas most non-AGE children were infected by the GI norovirus genogroup (64%; 9/14). GII.4 Sydney 2012 [P31] strains were dominant (59%; 19/32) during the study period. A phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between the HNoV strains identified in this study and those circulating worldwide; however, ClustalW showed less than 50% nucleotide similarity between strains from this study and those from previously reported norovirus studies in the same region. Our findings indicate significant changes over time in the circulation of HNoV strains, as well as the association between high HNoV prevalence and AGE symptoms within the study area. The monitoring of HuNoV epidemiology, along with stringent preventive measures to mitigate the viral spread and the burden of AGE, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronewa Khumela
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (J.-P.K.); (A.N.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Kabue
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (J.-P.K.); (A.N.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Marcia Terezinha Baroni de Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brazil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Afsatou Ndama Traore
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (J.-P.K.); (A.N.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Natasha Potgieter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (J.-P.K.); (A.N.T.); (N.P.)
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Fang T, Zhang L, Ding W, Liu Y, Li P, Wang W, Xiang W, Wang B, Sun W. Point-of-Care Testing for Norovirus Typing Using CRISPR/Cas12a Combined with Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1147-1156. [PMID: 37172271 PMCID: PMC10289089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans. This study combined reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) with a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) nucleic acid detection system to develop a point-of-care testing (POCT) technology for typing NoVs. The detection can be completed within 35 min at 37 °C, covering each genotype of genogroup I (GI) and II (GII) NoVs. The sensitivity of this method is 10 copies/μL for GI and 1 copy/μL for GII NoV plasmids. For the detection of clinical samples, the detection results of this method for NoV infected samples are consistent with the RT-qPCR detection method in the laboratory, and this detection method has no cross-reactivity with rotavirus and adenovirus. Therefore, the detection method established in this study enables the diagnosis and screening of suspected patients and close contacts by POCT, which is important for the timely identification and control of NoV outbreaks. In addition, the typing detection of GI and GII NoVs can achieve a precise diagnosis and treatment of patients infected with NoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanfen Fang
- Laboratory
of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Suzhou
Institute for Food Control, Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory
of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory
of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Pei Li
- Suzhou
Institute for Food Control, Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory
of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Wenjing Xiang
- Laboratory
of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Suzhou
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Wanping Sun
- Laboratory
of Molecular Diagnostics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic
of China
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Chen LN, Wang SJ, Wang SM, Fu XL, Zheng WJ, Hao ZY, Zhou HS, Zhang XJ, Zhao YL, Qiu C, von Seidlein L, Qiu TY, Wang XY. Molecular epidemiology analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infections in Chinese infants. Virol J 2023; 20:60. [PMID: 37016444 PMCID: PMC10074819 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis among children. Previous studies based on symptomatic infections indicated that mutations, rather than recombination drove the evolution of the norovirus ORF2. These characteristics were found in hospital-based symptomatic infections, whereas, asymptomatic infections are frequent and contribute significantly to transmission. METHODS We conducted the first norovirus molecular epidemiology analysis covering both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections derived from a birth cohort study in the northern China. RESULTS During the study, 14 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic norovirus infections were detected in 32 infants. Out of the 14 strains that caused symptomatic infections, 12 strains were identified as GII.3[P12], and others were GII.4[P31]. Conversely, 17 asymptomatic infections were caused by GII.4[P31], two by GII.2[P16], and one by GII.4[P16]. Regardless of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, the mutations were detected frequently in the ORF2 region, and almost all recombination were identified in the RdRp-ORF2 region. The majority of the mutations were located around the predefined epitope regions of P2 subdomain indicating a potential for immune evasion. CONCLUSION The role of symptomatic as well as asymptomatic infections in the evolution of norovirus needs to be evaluated continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Mei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Training Center of Medical Experiments, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hao
- Zhengding County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengding, 050800, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Song Zhou
- Zhengding County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengding, 050800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Jiang Zhang
- Zhengding County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengding, 050800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Liang Zhao
- Hebei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, 050021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lorenz von Seidlein
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tian-Yi Qiu
- Institute of Clinical Science, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Ling Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuan-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Mariita RM, Davis JH, Randive RV. Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020226. [PMID: 35215169 PMCID: PMC8879714 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of gastroenteritis and are associated with high morbidity because of their ability to survive in the environment and small inoculum size required for infection. Norovirus is transmitted through water, food, high touch-surfaces, and human-to-human contact. Ultraviolet Subtype C (UVC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can disrupt the norovirus transmission chain for water, food, and surfaces. Here, we illuminate considerations to be adhered to when picking norovirus surrogates for disinfection studies and shine light on effective use of UVC for norovirus infection control in water and air and validation for such systems and explore the blind spot of radiation safety considerations when using UVC disinfection strategies. This perspective also discusses the promise of UVC for norovirus mitigation to save and ease life.
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Ai J, Zhu Y, Fu J, Cheng X, Zhang X, Ji H, Liu W, Rui J, Xu J, Yang T, Wang Y, Liu X, Yang M, Lin S, Guo X, Bao C, Li Q, Chen T. Study of Risk Factors for Total Attack Rate and Transmission Dynamics of Norovirus Outbreaks, Jiangsu Province, China, From 2012 to 2018. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:786096. [PMID: 35071268 PMCID: PMC8777030 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.786096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Jiangsu Province, utilize the total attack rate (TAR) and transmissibility (Runc) as the measurement indicators of the outbreak, and a statistical difference in risk factors associated with TAR and transmissibility was compared. Ultimately, this study aimed to provide scientific suggestions to develop the most appropriate prevention and control measures. Method: We collected epidemiological data from investigation reports of all norovirus outbreaks in Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2018 and performed epidemiological descriptions, sequenced the genes of the positive specimens collected that were eligible for sequencing, created a database and calculated the TAR, constructed SEIAR and SEIARW transmission dynamic models to calculate Runc, and performed statistical analyses of risk factors associated with the TAR and Runc. Results: We collected a total of 206 reported outbreaks, of which 145 could be used to calculate transmissibility. The mean TAR in was 2.6% and the mean Runc was 12.2. The epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks showed an overall increasing trend in the number of norovirus outbreaks from 2012 to 2018; more outbreaks in southern Jiangsu than northern Jiangsu; more outbreaks in urban areas than in rural areas; outbreaks occurred mostly in autumn and winter. Most of the sites where outbreaks occurred were schools, especially primary schools. Interpersonal transmission accounted for the majority. Analysis of the genotypes of noroviruses revealed that the major genotypes of the viruses changed every 3 years, with the GII.2 [P16] type of norovirus dominating from 2016 to 2018. Statistical analysis of TAR associated with risk factors found statistical differences in all risk factors, including time (year, month, season), location (geographic location, type of settlement, type of premises), population (total number of susceptible people at the outbreak site), transmission route, and genotype (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis of transmissibility associated with risk factors revealed that only transmissibility was statistically different between sites. Conclusions: The number of norovirus outbreaks in Jiangsu Province continues to increase during the follow-up period. Our findings highlight the impact of different factors on norovirus outbreaks and identify the key points of prevention and control in Jiangsu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianguang Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengnan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Li
- Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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8
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Tan M. Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121641. [PMID: 34959596 PMCID: PMC8709042 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are the major viral pathogens causing epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis with significant morbidity and mortality. While vaccines against norovirus diseases have been shown to be of high significance, the development of a broadly effective norovirus vaccine remains difficult, owing to the wide genetic and antigenic diversity of noroviruses with multiple co-circulated variants of various genotypes. In addition, the absence of a robust cell culture system, an efficient animal model, and reliable immune markers of norovirus protection for vaccine evaluation further hinders the developmental process. Among the vaccine candidates that are currently under clinical studies, recombinant VP1-based virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic major antigenic features of noroviruses are the common ones, with proven safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, supporting a high success likelihood of a useful norovirus vaccine. This short article reviews the recent progress in norovirus vaccine development, focusing on those from recent clinical studies, as well as summarizes the barriers that are being encountered in this developmental process and discusses issues of future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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