1
|
Trujillo EN, Flores BA, Romero IV, Moran JA, Leka A, Ramirez AD, Ear J, Mercer F. Complement receptor 3 is required for maximum in vitro trogocytic killing of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis by human neutrophil-like cells. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13025. [PMID: 38372623 PMCID: PMC11090219 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) is a parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually-transmitted infection. Neutrophils are found at the site of infection, and can rapidly kill the parasite in vitro, using trogocytosis. However, the specific molecular players in neutrophil killing of Tv are unknown. Here, we show that complement proteins play a role in Tv killing by human neutrophil-like cells (NLCs). Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated NLCs deficient in each of three complement receptors (CRs) known to be expressed on human neutrophils: CR1, CR3, and CR4. Using in vitro trogocytosis assays, we found that CR3, but not CR1 or CR4 is required for maximum trogocytosis of the parasite by NLCs, with NLCs lacking CR3 demonstrating ~40% reduction in trogocytosis, on average. We also observed a reduction in NLC killing of Tv in CR3 knockout, but not CR1 or CR4 knockout NLCs. On average, NLCs lacking CR3 had ~50% reduction in killing activity. We also used a parallel approach of pre-incubating NLCs with blocking antibodies against CR3, which similarly reduced NLC killing of parasites. These data support a model in which Tv is opsonized by the complement protein iC3b, and bound by neutrophil CR3 receptor, to facilitate trogocytic killing of the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma N. Trujillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Barbara A. Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Isabel V. Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Jose A. Moran
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Aljona Leka
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Ashley D. Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Jason Ear
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| | - Frances Mercer
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Yang H, Wang M, Mantovani D, Yang K, Witte F, Tan L, Yue B, Qu X. Immunomodulatory biomaterials against bacterial infections: Progress, challenges, and future perspectives. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100503. [PMID: 37732016 PMCID: PMC10507240 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Even with the use of multiple antibiotic treatment strategies, 4.95 million people died from drug-resistant bacterial infections in 2019. By 2050, the number of deaths will reach 10 million annually. The increasing mortality may be partly due to bacterial heterogeneity in the infection microenvironment, such as drug-resistant bacteria, biofilms, persister cells, intracellular bacteria, and small colony variants. In addition, the complexity of the immune microenvironment at different stages of infection makes biomaterials with direct antimicrobial activity unsatisfactory for the long-term treatment of chronic bacterial infections. The increasing mortality may be partly attributed to the biomaterials failing to modulate the active antimicrobial action of immune cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective alternatives to treat bacterial infections. Accordingly, the development of immunomodulatory antimicrobial biomaterials has recently received considerable interest; however, a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. In this review, we focus mainly on the research progress and future perspectives of immunomodulatory antimicrobial biomaterials used at different stages of infection. First, we describe the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in the acute and chronic phases of bacterial infections. Then, we highlight the immunomodulatory strategies for antimicrobial biomaterials at different stages of infection and their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, we discuss biomaterial-mediated bacterial vaccines' potential applications and challenges for activating innate and adaptive immune memory. This review will serve as a reference for future studies to develop next-generation immunomodulatory biomaterials and accelerate their translation into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Quebec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Frank Witte
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charite Medical University, Assmannshauser Strasse 4–6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lili Tan
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan L, Rui C, Zhuang B, Liu X, Luan T, Jiang L, Dong Z, Wang Q, Wu A, Li P, Wang X, Zeng X. 17β-Estradiol Mediates Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion in Vaginal Epithelial Cells via Estrogen Receptor α-Associated Signaling Pathway. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:391. [PMID: 37884702 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major opportunistic pathogen in aerobic vaginitis (AV), can potentially invade the host and occasionally cause infections. Estrogen is associated with an altered immune response of vaginal epithelial cells and prevention of certain vaginal infectious diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms involving estrogen and S. aureus adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells remain unclear. Thus, here, VK2/E6E7 vaginal epithelial cells were infected with S. aureus, and the role of the estrogen receptor α-associated signaling pathway (ERα/FAK/Src/iNOS axis) in S. aureus adhesion was evaluated. The estrogen-associated phosphorylation status of ERα, FAK, and Src and the protein level of iNOS were assessed by western blotting. We used a specific ERα inhibitor to validate the involvement of the ERα-associated signaling pathway. The results showed that with exposure to 1 nM estrogen for 24 h, transient ERα-associated pathway activation was observed, and the protein expression upregulation was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in 17-β-estradiol (E2) content and increased S. aureus adherence to vaginal epithelial cells. Estrogen-induced activation of the ERα/FAK/Src/iNOS axis was notably inhibited by the specific ERα inhibitor (ICI 182780). Simultaneously, a significant decrease in the number of adherent S. aureus was observed. However, this inhibitory effect diminished after inhibitor treatment for 24 h. Our findings suggested that the ERα-associated signaling pathway might be involved in S. aureus adherence to vaginal epithelial cells, which appeared to be linked to enhanced cell adhesion leading to AV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Can Rui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Van Roy Z, Kielian T. Exploring epigenetic reprogramming during central nervous system infection. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:112-129. [PMID: 35481573 PMCID: PMC9790395 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics involves the study of various modes of adaptable transcriptional regulation, contributing to cell identity, characteristics, and function. During central nervous system (CNS) infection, epigenetic mechanisms can exert pronounced control over the maturation and antimicrobial properties of nearly every immune cell type. Epigenetics is a relatively new field, with the first mention of these marks proposed only a half-century ago and a substantial body of immunological epigenetic research emerging only in the last few decades. Here, we review the best-characterized epigenetic marks and their functions as well as illustrate how various immune cell populations responding to CNS infection utilize these marks to organize their activation state and inflammatory processes. We also discuss the metabolic and clinical implications of epigenetic marks and the rapidly expanding set of tools available to researchers that are enabling elucidation of increasingly detailed genetic regulatory pathways. These considerations paint an intricate picture of inflammatory regulation, where epigenetic marks influence genetic, signaling, and environmental elements to orchestrate a tailored immunological response to the threat at hand, cementing epigenetics as an important player in immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Van Roy
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren Y, Xue T, Rainbolt J, Bentley KLDM, Galloway CA, Liu Y, Cherian P, Neighbors J, Hofstee MI, Ebetino FH, Moriarty TF, Sun S, Schwarz EM, Xie C. Efficacy of Bisphosphonate-Conjugated Sitafloxacin in a Murine Model of S. aureus Osteomyelitis: Evidence of "Target & Release" Kinetics and Killing of Bacteria Within Canaliculi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:910970. [PMID: 35811672 PMCID: PMC9263620 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.910970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
S. aureus infection of bone is difficult to eradicate due to its ability to colonize the osteocyte-lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN), rendering it resistant to standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotics. To overcome this, we proposed two bone-targeted bisphosphonate-conjugated antibiotics (BCA): bisphosphonate-conjugated sitafloxacin (BCS) and hydroxybisphosphonate-conjugate sitafloxacin (HBCS). Initial studies demonstrated that the BCA kills S. aureus in vitro. Here we demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of BCS and HBCS versus bisphosphonate, sitafloxacin, and vancomycin in mice with implant-associated osteomyelitis. Longitudinal bioluminescent imaging (BLI) confirmed the hypothesized "target and release"-type kinetics of BCS and HBCS. Micro-CT of the infected tibiae demonstrated that HBCS significantly inhibited peri-implant osteolysis versus placebo and free sitafloxacin (p < 0.05), which was not seen with the corresponding non-antibiotic-conjugated bisphosphonate control. TRAP-stained histology confirmed that HBCS significantly reduced peri-implant osteoclast numbers versus placebo and free sitafloxacin controls (p < 0.05). To confirm S. aureus killing, we compared the morphology of S. aureus autolysis within in vitro biofilm and infected tibiae via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Live bacteria in vitro and in vivo presented as dense cocci ~1 μm in diameter. In vitro evidence of autolysis presented remnant cell walls of dead bacteria or "ghosts" and degenerating (non-dense) bacteria. These features of autolyzed bacteria were also present among the colonizing S. aureus within OLCN of infected tibiae from placebo-, vancomycin-, and sitafloxacin-treated mice, similar to placebo. However, most of the bacteria within OLCN of infected tibiae from BCA-treated mice were less dense and contained small vacuoles and holes >100 nm. Histomorphometry of the bacteria within the OLCN demonstrated that BCA significantly increased their diameter versus placebo and free antibiotic controls (p < 0.05). As these abnormal features are consistent with antibiotic-induced vacuolization, bacterial swelling, and necrotic phenotype, we interpret these findings to be the initial evidence of BCA-induced killing of S. aureus within the OLCN of infected bone. Collectively, these results support the bone targeting strategy of BCA to overcome the biodistribution limits of SOC antibiotics and warrant future studies to confirm the novel TEM phenotypes of bacteria within OLCN of S. aureus-infected bone of animals treated with BCS and HBCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Ren
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Xue
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Rainbolt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Karen L. de Mesy Bentley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Advanced Research Technologies, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chad A. Galloway
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Advanced Research Technologies, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yuting Liu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey Neighbors
- BioVinc LLC, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Frank H. Ebetino
- BioVinc LLC, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chao Xie
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marrazzo P, Fischer N, Nastasi C, Cricca M, Fusco D. Host–Pathogen Interactions: Organotypic Cultures to Unravel the Mysteries of the Primordial Hostility among Organisms. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030362. [PMID: 35335685 PMCID: PMC8951007 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Natalie Fischer
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Monica Cricca
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daniela Fusco
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (D.F.)
| |
Collapse
|