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Bazie MM, Sanou M, Djigma FW, Compaore TR, Obiri-Yeboah D, Kabamba B, Nagalo BM, Simpore J, Ouédraogo R. Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:843-859. [PMID: 38818293 PMCID: PMC11135261 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a globally prevalent infection, with its frequency being influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a particular geographic region, including Africa. OBI can be transmitted through blood transfusions and organ transplants and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The associated HBV genotype influences the infection. AIM To highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of OBI in Africa. METHODS This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and African Journals Online for published studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of OBI in Africa. RESULTS The synthesis included 83 articles, revealing that the prevalence of OBI varied between countries and population groups, with the highest prevalence being 90.9% in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38% in blood donors, indicating an increased risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusions. Cases of OBI reactivation have been reported following chemotherapy. Genotype D is the predominant, followed by genotypes A and E. CONCLUSION This review highlights the prevalence of OBI in Africa, which varies across countries and population groups. The study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michee M Bazie
- Department of Medicine, Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
| | - Mahamoudou Sanou
- Department of Medicine, Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso.
| | - Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore
- Infectious and parasitic disease Laboratory, Health Sciences Research Institute, IRSS/CNRST, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast 0000, Ghana
| | - Benoît Kabamba
- Department of Clinical Biology, Virology Laboratory, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 0000, Belgium
| | | | - Jacques Simpore
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
| | - Rasmata Ouédraogo
- Department of Medicine, Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
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Quintas AE, Dias CC, Cogle ADC, Cordeiro L, Sarmento A. Seroprevalence of viral transfusion transmissible infections (HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, Syphilis) and coinfection among healthy volunteer blood donors during 5-years in Luanda, Angola. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:103704. [PMID: 38036021 PMCID: PMC10698569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission of diseases by blood products continues to be a worldwide health problem, especially in Africa. Seroprevalence rates of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis, and Coinfection in Angola are poorly documented. This study aims to identify the seroprevalence of markers with positive results for Hepatitis B, C, HIV, Syphilis, and Coinfection in blood donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using a database of positive serological markers for these infections and coinfection in 2734 blood donors traced from 2011 to 2016 in Luanda, Angola. The Chi-Square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate serological positivity and donors' characteristics. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS 2734 blood donors aged 18 to 64 (median age 32 ± 9) were screened from 2011 to 2016. 73.9 % of the donors were positive for one Transfusion-Transmitted Infection (TTI), and 5.9 % showed evidence of multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence rate was 50.2 % (1373) for HBV, 20 % (436) for Syphilis, 7 % (191) for HIV, 5.1 % (140) for HCV, and 5.8 % for coinfected donors. 2467 (90 %) were men, and 267 (10 %) were women. We identified 118 (5.8 %) coinfected donors. Of those, 40 (33.9 %) simultaneously presented Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)/Syphilis, 24 (20.3 %) HBsAg/HIV, 22 (18.6 %) HBsAg/HCV, 20 (16.9 %) HIV/Syphilis, 8 (6.8 %) HCV/Syphilis, and 4 (3.4 %) HIV/HCV. CONCLUSION A high transfusion-transmissible infection prevalence was found compared to some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, intensifying the screening for these transfusion-transmitted infections in blood donors is critical to ensure blood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Edna Quintas
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Informação e Decisão em Saúde e Centro de Pesquisa em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina, Porto, Portugal; Clínica Girassol, Department of Education Office, Luanda, Angola.
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Informação e Ciências da Decisão em Saúde (MEDCIDS) e Unidade de Gestão do Conhecimento, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Lemuel Cordeiro
- Clínica Girassol, Department of Education Office, Luanda, Angola
| | - António Sarmento
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina, Porto, Portugal
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Belkacemi M, Merbouh MA. Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus Among Blood Donors in Sidi Bel Abbes, West Algeria. Cureus 2023; 15:e47066. [PMID: 38022198 PMCID: PMC10644989 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood transfusions can transmit various viruses. Among them, the most common are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses can cause fatal and life-threatening diseases. Worldwide, many people are infected with these viruses. Blood safety has made major progress in recent years. Yet, blood-borne viruses continue to be a major concern for patients, physicians, and policymakers. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in blood donors. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to assess HIV, HBV, and HCV seropositivity in blood donors. This research was carried out at the blood bank of Sidi Bel Abbes University Hospital. This was a retrospective study based on records of blood donors. All data of 10,386 donors were analyzed from January 2015 to December 2015. Biological screening was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies and/or antigens. The combined HCV and HIV antigen and antibody ELISA test was utilized. To confirm the results, the blood bank and the virology laboratory used the same technique in duplicate. Results The overall seroprevalence of blood-borne viral infections (HIV, HBV, and HCV) in blood donors was 0.8%. The prevalence of HIV was found to be 0.1%, while the prevalence of HBV and HCV was 0.4%. Coinfection was rare with only one case of HBV with HIV. There was a significant difference in seroprevalence rates among blood donors compared to the general population. Significant variations were observed between the prevalence of this study and those conducted in West, East, Central, and South African countries but not with those of neighboring North African countries. The study found no association between seropositivity in blood donors and factors like age, gender, donor status, type of donation, or site. Besides, HIV, HBV, or HCV prevalence was not influenced by ABO and Rhesus blood group. Conclusion The study showed that blood donors in Algeria have a lower prevalence of blood-borne viral infections than the general population. The seropositivity rate of viral markers was similar throughout North African countries. This rate remained low compared to other African countries. Residual risk of infection persists. There is a need to increase blood safety for recipients. This report is the first comprehensive overview of blood-borne viruses among Algerian blood donors. There is a need for further nationwide studies to get a whole picture of the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Belkacemi
- Hemobiology and Blood Transfusion, University Hospital Establishment of Oran, Oran, DZA
- Medicine, Oran 1 University, Oran, DZA
| | - Mohammed Amine Merbouh
- Epidemiology and Preventive Diseases, Hassani Abdelkader University Hospital, Sidi Bel Abbes, DZA
- Medicine, Djilali Liabès University, Sidi Bel Abbes, DZA
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Sebastião CS, Sacomboio E, Francisco NM, Paixão J, Cassinela EK, de Vasconcelos JN, Pimentel V, Morais J. Demographic characteristics and risk factors related to high blood pressure among healthy blood donors from Luanda, Angola: A retrospective study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1300. [PMID: 37305153 PMCID: PMC10248479 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hypertension is a public health concern, mainly in resource-limited countries. We investigated the characteristics and risk factors related to high blood pressure in healthy blood donors from, Luanda, the capital city of Angola. Methods This was a retrospective study that included 343 healthy donors from December 2019 to September 2020. Results The mean age was 32 ± 9 years. Men represented 93% of the population. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 131 ± 12.3 mmHg (ranging from 100 to 160 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 80.1 ± 9.72 mmHg (from 56.0 to 100 mmHg). DBP was related to age and gender (p < 0.05). About 7.3% of the donors had high-pressure (>140/90 mmHg). Age between 20 and 40 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.52, p = 0.043), women (OR: 1.87, p = 0.548), nonurbanized areas (OR: 0.39, p = 0.067), high educational level (OR: 0.76, p = 0.637), employed (OR: 0.49, p = 0.491), voluntary donors (OR: 0.87, p = 0.799), blood group B (OR: 2.06, p = 0.346), and Rh- (OR: 0.26, p = 0.104), were potentially related with high-pressure. The high-pressure cases increased from December 2019 (4%) to September 2020 (28%) (p = 0.019). Conclusion We showed high pressure among the healthy blood donors population. Demographic characteristics, ABO/Rh blood group, and year period are features that should be considered in cardiovascular disease control strategies. Biological and nonbiological features related to blood pressure changes should be considered for further studies in the Angolan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cruz S. Sebastião
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA)CaxitoAngola
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICISA)LuandaAngola
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)LisbonPortugal
| | - Euclides Sacomboio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICISA)LuandaAngola
- Centro de Estudos, Investigação Cientifica e Pós‐graduação (CEIP)LuandaAngola
| | | | - Joana Paixão
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
| | - Edson K. Cassinela
- Centro de Estudos, Investigação Cientifica e Pós‐graduação (CEIP)LuandaAngola
- Centro Nacional de Investigação Científica (CNIC)LuandaAngola
| | - Jocelyne Neto de Vasconcelos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA)CaxitoAngola
| | - Victor Pimentel
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)LisbonPortugal
| | - Joana Morais
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS)LuandaAngola
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)LisbonPortugal
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Cervellera CF, Mazziotta C, Di Mauro G, Iaquinta MR, Mazzoni E, Torreggiani E, Tognon M, Martini F, Rotondo JC. Immortalized erythroid cells as a novel frontier for in vitro blood production: current approaches and potential clinical application. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:139. [PMID: 37226267 PMCID: PMC10210309 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusions represent common medical procedures, which provide essential supportive therapy. However, these procedures are notoriously expensive for healthcare services and not without risk. The potential threat of transfusion-related complications, such as the development of pathogenic infections and the occurring of alloimmunization events, alongside the donor's dependence, strongly limits the availability of transfusion units and represents significant concerns in transfusion medicine. Moreover, a further increase in the demand for donated blood and blood transfusion, combined with a reduction in blood donors, is expected as a consequence of the decrease in birth rates and increase in life expectancy in industrialized countries. MAIN BODY An emerging and alternative strategy preferred over blood transfusion is the in vitro production of blood cells from immortalized erythroid cells. The high survival capacity alongside the stable and longest proliferation time of immortalized erythroid cells could allow the generation of a large number of cells over time, which are able to differentiate into blood cells. However, a large-scale, cost-effective production of blood cells is not yet a routine clinical procedure, as being dependent on the optimization of culture conditions of immortalized erythroid cells. CONCLUSION In our review, we provide an overview of the most recent erythroid cell immortalization approaches, while also describing and discussing related advancements of establishing immortalized erythroid cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Felice Cervellera
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Mauro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences-DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences-DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Mangala C, Fokam J, Maulot-Bangola D, Rebienot-Pellegrin O, Nkoa T. Genetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 in Gabonese transfusional settings. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:191. [PMID: 36997860 PMCID: PMC10061732 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high endemicity of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in sub-Saharan Africa is a real public health problem. To reduce the risk of HIV transmission through blood donation, the NBTC of Gabon has launched in recent years a reorganization of its blood transfusion system. This study aims to characterize the molecular strains of HIV-1 circulating in donors and to estimate the risk of viral transmission. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from August 2020 to August 2021 among 381 donors who had agreed to donate blood at the National Blood Transfusion Center (NBTC). Viral load was determined by Abbott Real-Time (Abbott m2000®, Abbott) and sequencing by the Sanger method (ABI 3500 Hitachi®). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA X software. Data were checked, entered, and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software, with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 381 donors were enrolled in the study. Among the 359 seronegative donors, five (5) seronegative donors were detected positive for HIV-1 using Real-Time PCR. The residual risk was 648 per 1,000,000 donations. The prevalence of residual infection was 1.4% [0,01; 0,03]. Sixteen (16) samples were sequenced. The strains obtained were CRF02_AG (50%), subtype A1 (18.8%), subtype G (12.5%), CRF45_cpx (12.5%) and subtype F2 (6.2%). Six sequences clustered with A1, G, CRF02_AG, and CRF45_cpx subtypes. CONCLUSION The residual risk of HIV-1 transmission by blood transfusion remains a concern in the Gabonese transfusional settings. A policy based on improving the current screening strategy would involve the implementation of the nucleic acid test (NAT) in order to optimize the safety of the donation by detecting the HIV-1 subtypes in circulation in the donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mangala
- Catholic University of Central Africa (CUCA), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Libreville, Gabon.
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal Biya International Reference Center (CBIRC)), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Denis Maulot-Bangola
- Catholic University of Central Africa (CUCA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Thérèse Nkoa
- Catholic University of Central Africa (CUCA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Diakite M, Shaw-Saliba K, Lau CY. Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1103737. [PMID: 37476029 PMCID: PMC10358275 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi's sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA's battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chuen-Yen Lau
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wang SX, Sun LY, Yu Q, Li T, Li R, Xu YP, Zeng JF. Demographic Factors Among HIV Confirmed Blood Donors from 2013 to 2021 in Shenzhen. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:425-434. [PMID: 36760684 PMCID: PMC9904141 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s397236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New HIV (Human immune deficiency virus) infections are continuously increasing in China and it remains a huge challenge to blood donation. As access to health services has affected by COVID-19 (Corona virus disease 2019) pandemic, a drop in new diagnoses (especially HIV) was observed worldwide. Methods During 2013-2021, 735,247 specimens from unpaid blood donors collected by Shenzhen Blood Center underwent ELISA (Enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay) and NAT (Nucleic acid test). Samples with reactivity results were sent to the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention for WB (Western blot). All data were statistically analyzed by the Chi-Square test. Results From 2013 to 2021, the prevalence of HIV among male blood donors was higher than in females (P < 0.01). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of HIV among repeat blood donors decreased significantly compared to 2019 (P < 0.05), and the characteristics of blood donors changed in 2020 compared to 2019 and 2021. Conclusion The high proportion of female blood donors would help prevent HIV from getting into the blood supply. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the demographics of blood donors as well as the prevalence of HIV among repeat blood donors. An increased number of repeat blood donors can help decrease the risk of HIV transfusion transmission during the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Xing Wang
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Sun
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Li
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Li
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ping Xu
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yun-Ping Xu; Jin-Feng Zeng, Email ;
| | - Jin-Feng Zeng
- Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Miyano S, Pathammavong C, Ichimura Y, Sugiyama M, Phounphenghack K, Tengbriacheu C, Khamphaphongphane B, Nouanthong P, Franzel L, Yang TU, Raaijimakers H, Ota T, Funato M, Komada K, Hachiya M. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections in Lao People's Democratic Republic: The first national population-based cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278933. [PMID: 36584043 PMCID: PMC9803141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C infections has not been examined in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of these infections in the general population of Lao PDR and perform subgroup analysis. A nationwide seroprevalence survey was conducted in Lao PDR in June 2019 using the multistage cluster sampling method. Dried blood spot samples were collected onto WhatmanTM 903 filter paper by finger prick. A chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was used to measure the levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (HCV-Ab). Samples in which the HBsAg level was above 0.05 IU/ml and HCV-Ab was above the signal/cutoff ratio of 1.0 were considered positive based on comparisons with the relative light unit value of a calibration sample. A total of 1,927 samples (male: 47.3%, mean age: 23.0 years) were included in the analysis. The prevalence was estimated to be 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7-6.3) for HBsAg and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.5-5.3) for HCV-Ab. Multivariable analysis revealed that those aged 20-24 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.6), those aged 25-29 years (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3-5.6), those from the Northern region (AOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2-6.6), and those who were Khmu (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.0-6.8) or Hmong (AOR: 5.0, 95% CI: 3.3-7.5) were significantly more likely to be positive for HBsAg. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the HCV-Ab prevalence according to each variable, males (2.9%, 95% CI: 0.7-10.7), those aged ≥40 years (6.1%, 95% CI: 2.1-16.8), and those from the Southern region (3.3%, 95% CI: 0.6-15.3) tended to have a higher prevalence. This novel population-based survey found differences in the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in Lao PDR according to sex, age group, region, and ethnicity; however, the results of this study should be confirmed in future studies, and relevant responses tailored for each target also need to be determined to control the transmission of hepatitis B and C infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Miyano
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation and WHO Collaborating Center for Health Systems Development, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chansay Pathammavong
- National Immunization Program, Mother and Child Health Center, Ministry of Health, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Yasunori Ichimura
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation and WHO Collaborating Center for Health Systems Development, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Science Project, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kongxay Phounphenghack
- National Immunization Program, Mother and Child Health Center, Ministry of Health, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | | | | | - Phonethipsavanh Nouanthong
- Institute Pasteur du Laos, National Immunization Technical Advisory Group, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Lauren Franzel
- Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Immunization Team, WHO Lao PDR, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Tae Un Yang
- Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Immunization Team, WHO Lao PDR, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | | | - Tomomi Ota
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation and WHO Collaborating Center for Health Systems Development, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Funato
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation and WHO Collaborating Center for Health Systems Development, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Komada
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation and WHO Collaborating Center for Health Systems Development, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hachiya
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation and WHO Collaborating Center for Health Systems Development, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Ondigui JLN, Kenmoe S, Kengne-Ndé C, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Takuissu GR, Kenfack-Momo R, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Fogang RL, Menkem EZ, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Bowo-Ngandji A, Goumkwa NM, Esemu SN, Ndip L, Essama SHR, Torimiro J. Epidemiology of occult hepatitis B and C in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1436-1445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Legese B, Shiferaw M, Tamir W, Eyayu T, Damtie S, Berhan A, Getie B, Abebaw A, Solomon Y. Association of ABO and Rhesus Blood Types with Transfusion-Transmitted Infections (TTIs) Among Apparently Healthy Blood Donors at Bahir Dar Blood Bank, Bahir Dar, North West, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. J Blood Med 2022; 13:581-587. [PMID: 36238231 PMCID: PMC9552785 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s374851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides their clinical significance in blood transfusion medicine, ABO and Rh blood group antigens were found to be associated with many non-infectious and infectious diseases. This investigation aimed to assess the association of ABO and Rh blood group antigens with transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Methods and Materials A cross-sectional retrospective investigation was conducted on 27,027 blood donors at Bahir Dar blood bank, from March 24/2019 to October 21/2021. The blood sample was collected from each blood donor and tested for TTI markers (HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis), with ELISA, and ABO and Rh blood grouping was performed. Descriptive analysis was done for sociodemographic data, and a chi-square test was used to show the association between the ABO and Rh blood groups with TTI markers, and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results From 27,027 study participants, 18,911 (70%) were males, with a mean age of 25.2 years, and 49.4% of the blood donors were students. The overall TTI prevalence was 5.43%, of which 2.8% was HBV, 1.5% was syphilis, 0.8% was HIV, and 0.3% was HCV. Blood group O (41.4%) was the most common blood group followed by, A (29.6%), B (23.6%), and AB (5.4%). Ninety-one point seven percent of the blood donors were Rh (D) positive. All TTI markers (HBV: p = 0.62, HIV: p = 0.77, HCV: p = 0.52, and syphilis: p = 0. 0.94) showed no significant association with ABO blood group. Rh blood type also showed no association with all TTI markers. Conclusion The prevalence of TTI markers was not significantly associated with ABO and Rh blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Biruk Legese, Email
| | - Mikru Shiferaw
- Bahir Dar Blood Bank Service, Amhara Regional State Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Workineh Tamir
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Tahir Eyayu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Shewaneh Damtie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Berhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Getie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Aynework Abebaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yenealem Solomon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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