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Olajiga OM, Jameson SB, Carter BH, Wesson DM, Mitzel D, Londono-Renteria B. Artificial Feeding Systems for Vector-Borne Disease Studies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:188. [PMID: 38534457 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the advancements and methodologies of artificial feeding systems for the study of vector-borne diseases, offering a critical assessment of their development, advantages, and limitations relative to traditional live host models. It underscores the ethical considerations and practical benefits of such systems, including minimizing the use of live animals and enhancing experimental consistency. Various artificial feeding techniques are detailed, including membrane feeding, capillary feeding, and the utilization of engineered biocompatible materials, with their respective applications, efficacy, and the challenges encountered with their use also being outlined. This review also forecasts the integration of cutting-edge technologies like biomimicry, microfluidics, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence to refine and expand the capabilities of artificial feeding systems. These innovations aim to more accurately simulate natural feeding conditions, thereby improving the reliability of studies on the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. This comprehensive review serves as a foundational reference for researchers in the field, proposing a forward-looking perspective on the potential of artificial feeding systems to revolutionize vector-borne disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka M Olajiga
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Samuel B Jameson
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Brendan H Carter
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dawn M Wesson
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dana Mitzel
- Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Crivei LA, Vata A, Teodor D, Porea D, Cozma AP, Anita A, Oslobanu LE, Morosan S, Savuta G. An Assessment of West Nile and Usutu Viruses' Seroprevalence in Hospitalized Patients: A Preliminary Study on Flavivirus Exposure in Eastern Romania. Pathogens 2024; 13:133. [PMID: 38392871 PMCID: PMC10892458 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
WNV and USUV are closely related epornitic flaviviruses transmitted by Culex mosquitoes which can cause febrile and neurodegenerative disease in humans. The impact of both viruses on public health has increased in the recent decades. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV and USUV in hospitalized patients from eastern Romania who did not show symptoms corresponding to the case definition. METHODS Human blood samples from the hospitalized patients were collected in 2015 and from April to September 2019 in Iasi County, Romania. The samples were screened by ELISA for anti-WNV IgG, IgM, and anti-USUV IgG antibodies. RESULTS A cumulative seroprevalence of 3.4% was recorded for anti-WNV IgG antibodies and 9.1% for anti-WNV IgM. No sample was positive for anti-USUV antibodies. CONCLUSION The cumulative seroprevalence observed provides support for the consideration of WNV as being endemic in the east of Romania. The absence of anti-USUV antibodies may be related to cross-reactivity and cohort size, thus, USUV should be considered in clinical practice and become an objective for active surveillance in Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Alexandra Crivei
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrei Vata
- “Sf. Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital of Iasi, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.T.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700490 Iași, Romania
| | - Danut Teodor
- “Sf. Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital of Iasi, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniela Porea
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
- Laboratories and Research Stations Department, Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development, 820112 Tulcea, Romania
| | - Andreea Paula Cozma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Adriana Anita
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Luanda Elena Oslobanu
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Serban Morosan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, UMS 28, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gheorghe Savuta
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.E.O.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iași University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iași, Romania; (A.P.C.); (S.M.)
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Braddick M, O’Brien HM, Lim CK, Feldman R, Bunter C, Neville P, Bailie CR, Butel-Simoes G, Jung MH, Yuen A, Hughes N, Friedman ND. An integrated public health response to an outbreak of Murray Valley encephalitis virus infection during the 2022-2023 mosquito season in Victoria. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1256149. [PMID: 37860808 PMCID: PMC10582942 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1256149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus known to cause infrequent yet substantial human outbreaks around the Murray Valley region of south-eastern Australia, resulting in significant mortality. Methods The public health response to MVEV in Victoria in 2022-2023 included a climate informed pre-season risk assessment, and vector surveillance with mosquito trapping and laboratory testing for MVEV. Human cases were investigated to collect enhanced surveillance data, and human clinical samples were subject to serological and molecular testing algorithms to assess for co-circulating flaviviruses. Equine surveillance was carried out via enhanced investigation of cases of encephalitic illness. Integrated mosquito management and active health promotion were implemented throughout the season and in response to surveillance signals. Findings Mosquito surveillance included a total of 3,186 individual trapping events between 1 July 2022 and 20 June 2023. MVEV was detected in mosquitoes on 48 occasions. From 2 January 2023 to 23 April 2023, 580 samples (sera and CSF) were tested for flaviviruses. Human surveillance detected 6 confirmed cases of MVEV infection and 2 cases of "flavivirus-unspecified." From 1 September 2022 to 30 May 2023, 88 horses with clinical signs consistent with flavivirus infection were tested, finding one probable and no confirmed cases of MVE. Discussion The expanded, climate-informed vector surveillance system in Victoria detected MVEV in mosquitoes in advance of human cases, acting as an effective early warning system. This informed a one-health oriented public health response including enhanced human, vector and animal surveillance, integrated mosquito management, and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Braddick
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen M. O’Brien
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chuan K. Lim
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Feldman
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathy Bunter
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Neville
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Bailie
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grace Butel-Simoes
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Min-Ho Jung
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aidan Yuen
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Hughes
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N. Deborah Friedman
- Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Davoust B, Laidoudi Y. Wildlife, Reservoir of Zoonotic Agents: Moving beyond Denial and Fear. Pathogens 2023; 12:1081. [PMID: 37764889 PMCID: PMC10537277 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human infections that originate in animals are quite frequent and warrant further investigation [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Davoust
- Veterinary Research Center of the Mediterranean Infection University Hospital Institute, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- Veterinary Research Center of the Mediterranean Infection University Hospital Institute, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
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Prioteasa FL, Dinu S, Tiron GV, Stancu IG, Fălcuță E, Ceianu CS, Cotar AI. First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Usutu Virus in Culex pipiens Mosquitoes Collected in Romania. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030684. [PMID: 36985256 PMCID: PMC10054730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is an emergent arbovirus in Europe causing mortality in bird populations. Similar to West Nile virus (WNV), USUV is maintained in sylvatic cycles between mosquito vectors and bird reservoirs. Spillover events may result in human neurological infection cases. Apart from indirect evidence provided by a recent serological study in wild birds, the circulation of USUV in Romania was not assessed. We aimed to detect and molecular characterize USUV circulating in mosquito vectors collected in South-Eastern Romania-a well-known WNV endemic region-during four transmission seasons. Mosquitoes were collected from Bucharest metropolitan area and Danube Delta, pooled, and screened by real-time RT-PCR for USUV. Partial genomic sequences were obtained and used for phylogeny. USUV was detected in Culex pipiens s.l. female mosquitoes collected in Bucharest, in 2019. The virus belonged to Europe 2 lineage, sub-lineage EU2-A. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity with isolates infecting mosquito vectors, birds, and humans in Europe starting with 2009, all sharing common origin in Northern Italy. To our knowledge, this is the first study characterizing a strain of USUV circulating in Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Liviu Prioteasa
- Medical Entomology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independenței, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Dinu
- Molecular Epidemiology for Communicable Diseases Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independenței, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Victorița Tiron
- Vector-Borne Infections Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independenței, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Aleea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Georgeta Stancu
- Vector-Borne Infections Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independenței, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Aleea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Fălcuță
- Medical Entomology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independenței, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornelia Svetlana Ceianu
- Vector-Borne Infections Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independenței, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ani Ioana Cotar
- Vector-Borne Infections Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Splaiul Independenței, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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Kasimov V, Wille M, Sarker S, Dong Y, Shao R, Hall C, Potvin D, Conroy G, Valenza L, Gillett A, Timms P, Jelocnik M. Unexpected Pathogen Diversity Detected in Australian Avifauna Highlights Potential Biosecurity Challenges. Viruses 2023; 15:143. [PMID: 36680183 PMCID: PMC9865187 DOI: 10.3390/v15010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Birds may act as hosts for numerous pathogens, including members of the family Chlamydiaceae, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avipoxviruses, Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CoAHV1) and Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1 (PsAHV1), all of which are a significant biosecurity concern in Australia. While Chlamydiaceae and BFDV have previously been detected in Australian avian taxa, the prevalence and host range of avipoxviruses, CoAHV1 and PsAHV1 in Australian birds remain undetermined. To better understand the occurrence of these pathogens, we screened 486 wild birds (kingfisher, parrot, pigeon and raptor species) presented to two wildlife hospitals between May 2019 and December 2021. Utilising various qPCR assays, we detected PsAHV1 for the first time in wild Australian birds (37/486; 7.61%), in addition to BFDV (163/468; 33.54%), Chlamydiaceae (98/468; 20.16%), avipoxviruses (46/486; 9.47%) and CoAHV1 (43/486; 8.85%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BFDV sequences detected from birds in this study cluster within two predominant superclades, infecting both psittacine and non-psittacine species. However, BFDV disease manifestation was only observed in psittacine species. All Avipoxvirus sequences clustered together and were identical to other global reference strains. Similarly, PsAHV1 sequences from this study were detected from a series of novel hosts (apart from psittacine species) and identical to sequences detected from Brazilian psittacine species, raising significant biosecurity concerns, particularly for endangered parrot recovery programs. Overall, these results highlight the high pathogen diversity in wild Australian birds, the ecology of these pathogens in potential natural reservoirs, and the spillover potential of these pathogens into novel host species in which these agents cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilli Kasimov
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
| | - Michelle Wille
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Yalun Dong
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
| | - Renfu Shao
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
| | - Clancy Hall
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
| | - Dominique Potvin
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
| | - Gabriel Conroy
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
| | | | - Amber Gillett
- Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, Beerwah, QLD 4519, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
| | - Martina Jelocnik
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4557, Australia
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