1
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Ngu S, Werner C, D' Amico RS, Wernicke AG. Whole brain radiation therapy resulting in radionecrosis: a possible link with radiosensitising chemoimmunotherapy. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e256758. [PMID: 38016763 PMCID: PMC10685978 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radionecrosis describes a rare but serious complication of radiation therapy. In clinical practice, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly used in combination with systemic therapy, including chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor and targeted therapy, either concurrently or sequentially. There is a paucity of literature regarding radionecrosis in patients receiving whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone (without additional SRS) in combination with immunotherapy or targeted therapies. It is observed that certain combinations increase the overall radiosensitivity of the tumorous lesions. We present a rare case of symptomatic radionecrosis almost 1 year after WBRT in a patient with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer on third-line chemoimmunotherapy. We discuss available research regarding factors that may lead to radionecrosis in these patients, including molecular and genetic profiles, specific drug therapy combinations and their timing or increased overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Ngu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Cassidy Werner
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy S D' Amico
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - A Gabriella Wernicke
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA
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2
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The Development and Clinical Applications of Oral Arsenic Trioxide for Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia and Other Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091945. [PMID: 36145693 PMCID: PMC9504237 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Appreciation of the properties of arsenic trioxide (ATO) has redefined the treatment landscape for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) and offers promise as a treatment for numerous other diseases. The benefits of ATO in patients with APL is related to its ability to counteract the effects of PML::RARA, an oncoprotein that is invariably detected in the blood or bone marrow of affected individuals. The PML::RARA oncoprotein is degraded specifically by binding to ATO. Thus ATO, in combination with all-trans retinoic acid, has become the curative treatment for ATO. The multiple mechanisms of action of ATO has also paved the way for application in various condition encompassing autoimmune or inflammatory disorders, solid organ tumours, lymphomas and other subtypes of AML. The development of oral formulation of ATO (oral ATO) has reduced costs of treatment and improved treatment convenience allowing widespread applicability. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of ATO, the development of oral ATO, and the applications of oral ATO in APL and other diseases.
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3
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Lee S, Yang W, Kim DK, Kim H, Shin M, Choi KU, Suh DS, Kim YH, Hwang TH, Kim JH. Inhibition of MEK-ERK pathway enhances oncolytic vaccinia virus replication in doxorubicin-resistant ovarian cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:211-224. [PMID: 35592390 PMCID: PMC9096472 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) has been reported to induce cell death in various types of cancer; however, the oncolytic activity of OVV in drug-resistant ovarian cancer remains limited. In the present study, we established doxorubicin-resistant ovarian cancer cells (A2780-R) from the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line. Both A2780 and A2780-R cells were infected with OVV to explore its anticancer effects. Interestingly, OVV-infected A2780-R cells showed reduced viral replication and cell death compared with A2780 cells, suggesting their resistance against OVV-induced oncolysis; to understand the mechanism underlying this resistance, we explored the involvement of protein kinases. Among protein kinase inhibitors, PD0325901, an MEK inhibitor, significantly augmented OVV replication and cell death in A2780-R cells. PD0325901 treatment increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 in A2780-R cells. Moreover, cryptotanshinone, a STAT3 inhibitor, abrogated PD0325901-stimulated OVV replication. Furthermore, trametinib, a clinically approved MEK inhibitor, increased OVV replication in A2780-R cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the MEK inhibitor promoted OVV replication via increasing STAT3 activation and downregulating the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway. Combined treatment with OVV and trametinib attenuated A2780-R xenograft tumor growth. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of MEK reinforces the oncolytic efficacy of OVV in drug-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyeom Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Shin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Hwang
- Gene and Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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4
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Jary A, Veyri M, Gothland A, Leducq V, Calvez V, Marcelin AG. Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, the Etiological Agent of All Epidemiological Forms of Kaposi's Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246208. [PMID: 34944828 PMCID: PMC8699694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is one of the seven oncogenic viruses currently recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Its presence for Kaposi’s sarcoma development is essential and knowledge on the oncogenic process has increased since its discovery in 1994. However, some uncertainties remain to be clarified, in particular on the exact routes of transmission and disparities in KSHV seroprevalence and the prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma worldwide. Here, we summarized the current data on the KSHV viral particle’s structure, its genome, the replication, its seroprevalence, the viral diversity and the lytic and latent oncogenesis proteins involved in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Lastly, we reported the environmental, immunological and viral factors possibly associated with KSHV transmission that could also play a role in the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is an oncogenic virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. The viral particle is composed of a double-stranded DNA harboring 90 open reading frames, incorporated in an icosahedral capsid and enveloped. The viral cycle is divided in the following two states: a short lytic phase, and a latency phase that leads to a persistent infection in target cells and the expression of a small number of genes, including LANA-1, v-FLIP and v-cyclin. The seroprevalence and risk factors of infection differ around the world, and saliva seems to play a major role in viral transmission. KSHV is found in all epidemiological forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma including classic, endemic, iatrogenic, epidemic and non-epidemic forms. In a Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion, KSHV is mainly in a latent state; however, a small proportion of viral particles (<5%) are in a replicative state and are reported to be potentially involved in the proliferation of neighboring cells, suggesting they have crucial roles in the process of tumorigenesis. KSHV encodes oncogenic proteins (LANA-1, v-FLIP, v-cyclin, v-GPCR, v-IL6, v-CCL, v-MIP, v-IRF, etc.) that can modulate cellular pathways in order to induce the characteristics found in all cancer, including the inhibition of apoptosis, cells’ proliferation stimulation, angiogenesis, inflammation and immune escape, and, therefore, are involved in the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Jary
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-4217-7401
| | - Marianne Veyri
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Adélie Gothland
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Valentin Leducq
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Service de Virologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.); (V.L.); (V.C.); (A.-G.M.)
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5
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Moodad S, El Hajj R, Hleihel R, Hajjar L, Tawil N, Karam M, Hamie M, Abou Merhi R, El Sabban M, El Hajj H. Lenalidomide in Combination with Arsenic Trioxide: an Effective Therapy for Primary Effusion Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2483. [PMID: 32883022 PMCID: PMC7563318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare aggressive subset of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma. PEL is secondary to Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) and predominantly develops in serous cavities. Conventional chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice for PEL and yields high response rates with no significant comorbidities. Yet, chemotherapy often fails in achieving or maintaining long-term remission. Lenalidomide (Lena), an immunomodulatory drug, displayed some efficacy in the treatment of PEL. On the other hand, arsenic trioxide (ATO) in combination with other agents effectively treated a number of blood malignancies, including PEL. In this study, we present evidence that the combination of ATO/Lena significantly enhanced survival of PEL mice, decreased the volume of exacerbated ascites in the peritoneum, and reduced tumor infiltration in organs of treated animals. In ex vivo treated PEL cells, ATO/Lena decreased the proliferation and downregulated the expression of KSHV latent viral proteins. This was associated with decreased NF-κB activation, resulting in reactivation of viral replication, downregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, and apoptosis. Our results elucidate the mechanism of action of ATO/Lena and present it as a promising targeted therapeutic modality in PEL management, which warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moodad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Rana El Hajj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon;
| | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Layal Hajjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Nadim Tawil
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Karam
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Maguy Hamie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Raghida Abou Merhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, GSBT laboratory, Lebanese University, Hadath 31143, Lebanon;
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
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6
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Kori M, Arga KY. Pathways involved in viral oncogenesis: New perspectives from virus-host protein interactomics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165885. [PMID: 32574835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses are among the apparent causes of cancer-associated mortality. It was estimated that 12% to 15% of human malignancies are linked to oncoviruses. Although modernist strategies and traditional genetic studies have defined host-pathogen interactions of the oncoviruses, their host functions which are critical for the establishment of infection still remain mysterious. However, over the last few years, it has become clear that infections hijack and modify cellular pathways for their benefit. In this context, we constructed the virus-host protein interaction networks of seven oncoviruses (EBV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, HHV8, HPV16, and HPV18), and revealed cellular pathways hijacking as a result of oncogenic virus infection. Several signaling pathways/processes such as TGF-β signaling, cell cycle, retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, and androgen receptor signaling were mutually targeted by viruses to induce oncogenesis. Besides, cellular pathways specific to a certain virus were detected. By this study, we believe that we improve the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of viral oncogenesis and provide information in setting new targets for treatment, prognosis, and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Otani Y, Yoo JY, Chao S, Liu J, Jaime-Ramirez AC, Lee TJ, Hurwitz B, Yan Y, Dai H, Glorioso JC, Caligiuri MA, Yu J, Kaur B. Oncolytic HSV-Infected Glioma Cells Activate NOTCH in Adjacent Tumor Cells Sensitizing Tumors to Gamma Secretase Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2381-2392. [PMID: 32139403 PMCID: PMC7325527 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) on NOTCH signaling in central nervous system tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Bioluminescence imaging, reverse phase protein array proteomics, fluorescence microscopy, reporter assays, and molecular biology approaches were used to evaluate NOTCH signaling. Orthotopic glioma-mouse models were utilized to evaluate effects in vivo. RESULTS We have identified that herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1; oncolytic and wild-type)-infected glioma cells induce NOTCH signaling, from inside of infected cells into adjacent tumor cells (inside out signaling). This was canonical NOTCH signaling, which resulted in activation of RBPJ-dependent transcriptional activity that could be rescued with dnMAML. High-throughput screening of HSV-1-encoded cDNA and miRNA libraries further uncovered that HSV-1 miR-H16 induced NOTCH signaling. We further identified that factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) is a direct target of miR-H16, and that FIH-1 downregulation by virus encoded miR-H16 induces NOTCH activity. FIH-1 binding to Mib1 has been reported, but this is the first report that shows FIH-1 sequester Mib1 to suppress NOTCH activation. We observed that FIH-1 degradation induced NOTCH ligand ubiquitination and NOTCH activity. REMBRANDT and The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis also uncovered a significant negative regulation between FIH-1 and NOTCH. Furthermore, combination of oHSV with NOTCH-blocking gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) had a therapeutic advantage in two different intracranial glioma models treated with oncolytic HSV, without affecting safety profile of the virus in vivo. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first report to identify impact of HSV-1 on NOTCH signaling and highlights the significance of combining oHSV and GSI for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Otani
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Samantha Chao
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alena Cristina Jaime-Ramirez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian Hurwitz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongsheng Dai
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Joseph C Glorioso
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jianhua Yu
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Balveen Kaur
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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8
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Butnaru M, Gaglia MM. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of viral gene expression in the gamma-herpesvirus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 5:219-228. [PMID: 30854283 DOI: 10.1007/s40588-018-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the etiological agent of the AIDS-associated tumor Kaposi's sarcoma, is a complex virus that expresses ~90 proteins in a regulated temporal cascade during its replication cycle. Although KSHV relies on cellular machinery for gene expression, it also uses specialized regulators to control nearly every step of the process. In this review we discuss the current understanding of KSHV gene regulation. Recent findings High-throughput sequencing and a new robust system to mutate KSHV have paved the way for comprehensive studies of KSHV gene expression, leading to the characterization of new viral factors that control late gene expression and post-transcriptional steps of gene regulation. They have also revealed key aspects of chromatin-based control of gene expression in the latent and lytic cycle. Summary The combination of mutant analysis and high-throughput sequencing will continue to expand our model of KSHV gene regulation and point to potential new targets for anti-KSHV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Butnaru
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta M Gaglia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Aburjania Z, Jang S, Whitt J, Jaskula-Stzul R, Chen H, Rose JB. The Role of Notch3 in Cancer. Oncologist 2018; 23:900-911. [PMID: 29622701 PMCID: PMC6156186 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch family is a highly conserved gene group that regulates cell-cell interaction, embryogenesis, and tissue commitment. This review article focuses on the third Notch family subtype, Notch3. Regulation via Notch3 signaling was first implicated in vasculogenesis. However, more recent findings suggest that Notch3 signaling may play an important role in oncogenesis, tumor maintenance, and resistance to chemotherapy. Its role is mainly oncogenic, although in some cancers it appears to be tumor suppressive. Despite the wealth of published literature, it remains relatively underexplored and requires further research to shed more light on its role in cancer development, determine its tissue-specific function, and elaborate novel treatment strategies. Herein we summarize the role of Notch3 in cancer, possible mechanisms of its action, and current cancer treatment strategies targeting Notch3 signaling. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The Notch family is a highly conserved gene group that regulates cell-cell interaction, embryogenesis, and tissue commitment. This review summarizes the existing data on the third subtype of the Notch family, Notch3. The role of Notch3 in different types of cancers is discussed, as well as implications of its modification and new strategies to affect Notch3 signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zviadi Aburjania
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samuel Jang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Stzul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and aggressive disease, affecting a unique population of patients who are often elderly or immunocompromised. PEL is associated with human herpesvirus type-8 infection and most commonly presents as malignant effusions of the body cavities. Patients diagnosed with PEL often have a compromised immune system from secondary conditions such as HIV. Chemotherapy has traditionally been the cornerstone of treatment for patients with a good performance status and no significant comorbidities. However, an optimal regimen does not exist. Most patients with PEL experience a relapse after frontline therapy within 6-8 months and subsequently require further treatment. In recent years, our understanding of the molecular drivers and environmental factors affecting the pathogenesis of PEL has expanded. This review will discuss the pathogenesis of PEL and various management approaches available in the frontline and relapsed setting as well as targeted agents that have shown promise in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Narkhede
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA,
| | - Shagun Arora
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chaitra Ujjani
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA,
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11
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Dingerdissen HM, Torcivia-Rodriguez J, Hu Y, Chang TC, Mazumder R, Kahsay R. BioMuta and BioXpress: mutation and expression knowledgebases for cancer biomarker discovery. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:D1128-D1136. [PMID: 30053270 PMCID: PMC5753215 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide variation and gene expression of disease samples represent important resources for biomarker discovery. Many databases have been built to host and make available such data to the community, but these databases are frequently limited in scope and/or content. BioMuta, a database of cancer-associated single-nucleotide variations, and BioXpress, a database of cancer-associated differentially expressed genes and microRNAs, differ from other disease-associated variation and expression databases primarily through the aggregation of data across many studies into a single source with a unified representation and annotation of functional attributes. Early versions of these resources were initiated by pilot funding for specific research applications, but newly awarded funds have enabled hardening of these databases to production-level quality and will allow for sustained development of these resources for the next few years. Because both resources were developed using a similar methodology of integration, curation, unification, and annotation, we present BioMuta and BioXpress as allied databases that will facilitate a more comprehensive view of gene associations in cancer. BioMuta and BioXpress are hosted on the High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE) server at the George Washington University at https://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/biomuta and https://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/bioxpress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Dingerdissen
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - John Torcivia-Rodriguez
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Yu Hu
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Ting-Chia Chang
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Raja Mazumder
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Robel Kahsay
- The Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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