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Paietta EN, Kraberger S, Custer JM, Vargas KL, Van Doorslaer K, Yoder AD, Varsani A. Identification of diverse papillomaviruses in captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). Arch Virol 2022; 168:13. [PMID: 36576610 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are host-species-specific and tissue-specific viruses that infect a diverse array of vertebrate hosts, including humans and non-human primates, with varying pathogenic outcomes. Although primate PVs have been studied extensively, no complete genome sequences of PVs from lemurs have been determined to date. Saliva samples from three critically endangered, captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) at the Duke Lemur Center (USA) were analyzed, using high-throughput sequencing, for the presence of oral papillomaviruses. We identified three PVs from two individuals, one of which had a coinfection with two different PVs. Two of the three PVs share 99.6% nucleotide sequence identity, and we have named these isolates "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 1" (VavPV1). The third PV shares ~63% nucleotide sequence identity with VavPV1, and thus, we have named it "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 2" (VavPV2). Based on their E1 + E2 + L1 protein sequence phylogeny, the VavPVs form a distinct clade. This clade likely represents a novel genus, with VavPV1 and VavPV2 belonging to two distinct species. Our findings represent the first complete genome sequences of PVs found in lemuriform primates, with their presence suggesting the potential existence of diverse PVs across the over 100 species of lemurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N Paietta
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Joy M Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Karla L Vargas
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Department of Immunobiology, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, UA Cancer Center, The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, the viromes of our closest relatives, the African great apes (AGA), have been intensively studied. Comparative approaches have unveiled diverse evolutionary patterns, highlighting both stable host-virus associations over extended evolutionary timescales and much more recent viral emergence events. In this chapter, we summarize these findings and outline how they have shed a new light on the origins and evolution of many human-infecting viruses. We also show how this knowledge can be used to better understand the evolution of human health in relation to viral infections.
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Medkour H, Castaneda S, Amona I, Fenollar F, André C, Belais R, Mungongo P, Muyembé-Tamfum JJ, Levasseur A, Raoult D, Davoust B, Mediannikov O. Potential zoonotic pathogens hosted by endangered bonobos. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6331. [PMID: 33737691 PMCID: PMC7973442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few publications, often limited to one specific pathogen, have studied bonobos (Pan paniscus), our closest living relatives, as possible reservoirs of certain human infectious agents. Here, 91 stool samples from semicaptive bonobos and bonobos reintroduced in the wild, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, were screened for different infectious agents: viruses, bacteria and parasites. We showed the presence of potentially zoonotic viral, bacterial or parasitic agents in stool samples, sometimes coinfecting the same individuals. A high prevalence of Human mastadenoviruses (HAdV-C, HAdV-B, HAdV-E) was observed. Encephalomyocarditis viruses were identified in semicaptive bonobos, although identified genotypes were different from those identified in the previous fatal myocarditis epidemic at the same site in 2009. Non-pallidum Treponema spp. including symbiotic T. succinifaciens, T. berlinense and several potential new species with unknown pathogenicity were identified. We detected DNA of non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp., Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella spp. as well as pathogenic Leptospira interrogans. Zoonotic parasites such as Taenia solium and Strongyloides stercoralis were predominantly present in wild bonobos, while Giardia lamblia was found only in bonobos in contact with humans, suggesting a possible exchange. One third of bonobos carried Oesophagostomum spp., particularly zoonotic O. stephanostomum and O. bifurcum-like species, as well as other uncharacterized Nematoda. Trypanosoma theileri has been identified in semicaptive bonobos. Pathogens typically known to be transmitted sexually were not identified. We present here the results of a reasonably-sized screening study detecting DNA/RNA sequence evidence of potentially pathogenic viruses and microorganisms in bonobo based on a noninvasive sampling method (feces) and focused PCR diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sergei Castaneda
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Inestin Amona
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Claudine André
- Les Amis des Bonobos du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Raphaël Belais
- Les Amis des Bonobos du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paulin Mungongo
- Les Amis des Bonobos du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Sethi S, Ali A, Ju X, Antonsson A, Logan R, Jamieson L. An update on Heck's disease-a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:269-285. [PMID: 33501985 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested an ethnic association of Heck's disease with a prominent genetic and familial inheritance pattern, but no systematic review has been reported, which has collected all the evidence in one paper. The aim was estimation of the updated age estimates and gender predilection of this disease and also questioning its proposed link to ethnic and geographical factors. METHODS Heck's disease from 1966 until present are tabulated, including various descriptive characteristics. After removal of duplicates and adhering to all the inclusion criteria, we shortlisted 95 case reports. The quality assessment of all included studies has been done following STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. RESULTS We found an age range of 3-92 years (mean: 23.1 years) with a male to female ratio of 3:4. Geographical distribution revealed one of the main findings of this study, which was an increased incidence of Heck's disease in the European region. CONCLUSIONS As already observed and established, there is a much greater prevalence of this disease in the indigenous populations of the world and more research should be encouraged to understand the correct transmission and pattern of spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sethi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anna Ali
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xiangqun Ju
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Richard Logan
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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