1
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Agag S, Medrouh B, Khaled H, Medkour H, Leulmi H, Djeghim H, Kaidi R, Khelef D, Medkour H. Prevalence and associated risk factors of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies in dairy cattle herds using bulk tank milk analysis in Kabylia area, north Algeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:106. [PMID: 38507146 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, or Q fever agent, has notable implications for human and livestock health. Infections in cattle primarily manifest through reproductive issues where infected animals shed the bacterium in birth fluids, placental tissues, and milk, serving as potential sources of transmission. Bovine herds become reservoirs, contributing to the environmental contamination of farming areas. Comprehensive studies on the prevalence, transmission routes, and associated risk factors among cattle contribute to the development of effective control strategies, ultimately safeguarding both livestock and public health.Here we determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies against in dairy cattle farms from Kabylia (northern Algeria) and identify the associated risk factors. Bulk tank milk samples from 184 farms were analyzed by indirect ELISA technique, 49 of them were tested positive which corresponds to a prevalence rate of 26.63% (95% CI 20.25-33.01%). Multivariate analysis by logistic regression showed that the risk factors associated with detection of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies are: cohabitation of cattle with small ruminants(OR = 3.74 95% CI [1.41-8.92]), exposure to prevailing winds (OR = 5.12 95% CI [2.11-13.45]), and the veterinarian visits frequency(OR = 5.67 95% CI [2.55-13.60]). These findings underscore the susceptibility of dairy cattle to Q fever in the Kabylia region, highlighting practices that pose risks. We recommend the implementation of hygienic measures and adherence to proper farming conditions to mitigate the transmission of Q fever and reduce the associated zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Agag
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Biotechnologies, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, route de Soumaa, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, 09000, Algeria.
- Faculty of natural sciences, life sciences, earth and the universe, 8 mai 1945 University, Guelma, Guelma, 24000, Algeria.
| | - Bachir Medrouh
- Livestock Management, Production and Animal Health Division, Agro-Pastoralism Research Center (CRAPast), Djelfa, 17000, Algeria
| | - Hamza Khaled
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Biotechnologies, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, route de Soumaa, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, 09000, Algeria
| | - Hacène Medkour
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | - Hamza Leulmi
- Qista Techno Bam, Avenue Philibert, 13100, Aix-En-Provence, France
| | - Hanene Djeghim
- Biochimestry laboratory, biotechnology research center, Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Rachid Kaidi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Biotechnologies, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, route de Soumaa, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, 09000, Algeria
| | - Djamel Khelef
- High national veterinary school Rabie Bouchama, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hecène Medkour
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction Biotechnologies, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, route de Soumaa, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, 09000, Algeria
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2
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Hammoud A, Medkour H, Zgheib R, Louni M, Diatta G, Bassene H, Sambou M, Gaye M, Haddad G, Fenollar F, Sokhna C, Mediannikov O. Bartonella raoultii sp. nov., isolated from infected rodents ( Mastomys erythroleucus) in Senegal. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37578895 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella species are involved in various human diseases, causing a range of clinical manifestations; animals are considered as the main reservoirs, transmitting diverse species of Bartonella through direct contact and haematophagous insects. Here, we characterize a new species, Bartonella raoultii sp. nov., within the genus Bartonella, using a taxonogenomic polyphasic approach. Strain 094T (= CSUR B1097T=DSM 28004T), isolated from the blood of an infected rodent (Mastomys erythroleucus) in Senegal, is an aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium. The annotated non-contiguous genome sequence is 1 952322 bp long and contains 37.2 mol% G+C content, 1686 protein-coding genes and 50 RNA genes, including seven rRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Hammoud
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rita Zgheib
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Meriem Louni
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Science, M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdès University, Boumerdès 35000, Algeria
| | - Georges Diatta
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Hubert Bassene
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Masse Sambou
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mapenda Gaye
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Haddad
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
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3
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Yeh SC, Strilets T, Tan WL, Castillo D, Medkour H, Rey-Cadilhac F, Serrato-Pomar IM, Rachenne F, Chowdhury A, Chuo V, Azar SR, Singh MK, Hamel R, Missé D, Kini RM, Kenney LJ, Vasilakis N, Marti-Renom MA, Nir G, Pompon J, Garcia-Blanco MA. The anti-immune dengue subgenomic flaviviral RNA is present in vesicles in mosquito saliva and is associated with increased infectivity. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011224. [PMID: 36996041 PMCID: PMC10062553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito transmission of dengue viruses to humans starts with infection of skin resident cells at the biting site. There is great interest in identifying transmission-enhancing factors in mosquito saliva in order to counteract them. Here we report the discovery of high levels of the anti-immune subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA) in dengue virus 2-infected mosquito saliva. We established that sfRNA is present in saliva using three different methods: northern blot, RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing. We next show that salivary sfRNA is protected in detergent-sensitive compartments, likely extracellular vesicles. In support of this hypothesis, we visualized viral RNAs in vesicles in mosquito saliva and noted a marked enrichment of signal from 3'UTR sequences, which is consistent with the presence of sfRNA. Furthermore, we show that incubation with mosquito saliva containing higher sfRNA levels results in higher virus infectivity in a human hepatoma cell line and human primary dermal fibroblasts. Transfection of 3'UTR RNA prior to DENV2 infection inhibited type I and III interferon induction and signaling, and enhanced viral replication. Therefore, we posit that sfRNA present in salivary extracellular vesicles is delivered to cells at the biting site to inhibit innate immunity and enhance dengue virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chia Yeh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tania Strilets
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei-Lian Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - David Castillo
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hacène Medkour
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Avisha Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Chuo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sasha R. Azar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Moirangthem Kiran Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rodolphe Hamel
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - R. Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda J. Kenney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marc A. Marti-Renom
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guy Nir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julien Pompon
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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4
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Hasnaoui B, Diarra AZ, Berenger JM, Medkour H, Benakhla A, Mediannikov O, Parola P. Use of the proteomic tool MALDI-TOF MS in termite identification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:718. [PMID: 35031655 PMCID: PMC8760289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has proved effective for the identification of many arthropods. A total of 432 termite specimens were collected in Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, Senegal, Switzerland and France. Morphologically, 22 species were identified, including Ancistrotermes cavithorax, Amitermes evuncifer, Cryptotermes brevis, Cubitermes orthognathus, Kalotermes flavicollis, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes herus, Macrotermes ivorensis, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Microcerotermes parvus, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes latericius, Procubitermes sjostedti, Promirotermes holmgreni, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Trinervitermes geminatus, Trinervitermes occidentalis, Trinervitermes togoensis, Trinervitermes sp., Trinervitermes trinervoides and Trinervitermes trinervius. Analysis of MALDI-TOF MS spectra profiles from termites revealed that all were of high quality, with intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity. Blind testing of the spectra of 389 termites against our updated database with the spectra of 43 specimens of different termite species revealed that all were correctly identified with log score values (LSVs) ranging from 1.65 to 2.851, mean 2.290 ± 0.225, median 2.299, and 98.4% (383) had LSVs > 1.8. This study is the first on the use of MALDI-TOF for termite identification and shows its importance as a tool for arthropod taxonomy and reinforces the idea that MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool in the field of entomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouthaina Hasnaoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Berenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hacène Medkour
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed Benakhla
- Département des Sciences Vétérinaire, Université Chadli Bendjdid, 36000, El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France. .,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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5
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Laidoudi Y, Sereme Y, Medkour H, Watier-Grillot S, Scandola P, Ginesta J, Andréo V, Labarde C, Comtet L, Pourquier P, Raoult D, Marié JL, Davoust B. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence in dogs from France using ELISA and an automated western blotting assay. One Health 2021; 13:100293. [PMID: 34377760 PMCID: PMC8327341 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are occasionally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, developing few or no clinical signs. Epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs requires testing to distinguish it from other canine coronaviruses. In the last year, significant advances have been made in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, allowing its surveillance in both human and animal populations. Here, using ELISA and automated western blotting (AWB) assays, we performed a longitudinal study on 809 apparently healthy dogs from different regions of France to investigate anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. There were three main groups: (i) 356 dogs sampled once before the pandemic, (ii) 235 dogs sampled once during the pandemic, and (iii) 218 dogs, including 82 dogs sampled twice (before and during the pandemic), 125 dogs sampled twice during the pandemic and 11 dogs sampled three times (once before and twice during the pandemic). Using ELISA, seroprevalence was significantly higher during the pandemic [5.5% (25/453)] than during the pre-pandemic period [1.1% (5/449)]. Among the 218 dogs sampled twice, at least 8 ELISA-seroconversions were observed. ELISA positive pre-pandemic sera were not confirmed in serial tests by AWB, indicating possible ELISA cross-reactivity, probably with other canine coronaviruses. A significant difference was observed between these two serological tests (Q = 88, p = 0.008). A clear correlation was observed between SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in dogs and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human population from the same area. AWB could be used as a second line assay to confirm the doubtful and discrepant ELISA results in dogs. Our results confirm the previous experimental models regarding the susceptibility of dogs to SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that viral transmission from and between dogs is weak or absent. However, the new variants with multiple mutations could adapt to dogs; this hypothesis cannot be ruled out in the absence of genomic data on SARS-CoV-2 from dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Laidoudi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Youssouf Sereme
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Watier-Grillot
- French Military Health Service, Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, Tours, France
- French Army Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Scandola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- French Military Health Service, Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, Tours, France
- 1 Veterinary Group, Toulon, France
| | | | | | - Claire Labarde
- French Military Health Service, Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, Tours, France
- 1 Veterinary Group, Toulon, France
| | | | | | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Lou Marié
- French Military Health Service, Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, Tours, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- French Military Health Service, Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, Tours, France
- 1 Veterinary Group, Toulon, France
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6
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Medkour H, Catheland S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Laidoudi Y, Sereme Y, Pingret JL, Million M, Houhamdi L, Levasseur A, Cabassu J, Davoust B. First evidence of human-to-dog transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.160 variant in France. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e823-e830. [PMID: 34706153 PMCID: PMC8662256 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the start of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several episodes of human-to-animal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission have been described in different countries. The role of pets, especially domestic dogs, in the COVID-19 epidemiology is highly questionable and needs further investigation. In this study, we report a case of COVID-19 in a French dog living in close contact with its owners who were COVID-19 patients. The dog presented rhinitis and was sampled 1 week after its owners (a man and a woman) were tested positive for COVID-19. The nasal swabs for the dog tested remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) 1 month following the first diagnosis. Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detectable 12 days after the first diagnosis and persisted for at least 5 months as tested using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and automated western blotting. The whole-genome sequences from the dog and its owners were 99%-100% identical (with the man and the woman's sequences, respectively) and matched the B.1.160 variant of concern (Marseille-4 variant), the most widespread in France at the time the dog was infected. This study documents the first detection of B.1.160 in pets (a dog) in France, and the first canine genome recovery of the B.1.160 variant of global concern. Moreover, given the enhanced infectivity and transmissibility of the Marseille-4 variant for humans, this case also highlights the risk that pets may potentially play a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and may transmit the infection to humans. We have evidence of human-to-dog transmission of the Marseille-4 variant since the owners were first to be infected. Finally, owners and veterinarians must be vigilent for canine COVID-19 when dogs are presented with respiratory clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Younes Laidoudi
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Youssouf Sereme
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Matthieu Million
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Linda Houhamdi
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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7
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Medkour H, Amona I, Akiana J, Laidoudi Y, Davoust B, Bitam I, Lafri I, Levasseur A, Diatta G, Sokhna C, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Barciela A, Gorsane S, Banga-Mboko H, Raoult D, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Bacterial Infections in Humans and Nonhuman Primates from Africa: Expanding the Knowledge. Yale J Biol Med 2021; 94:227-248. [PMID: 34211344 PMCID: PMC8223552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and other primates creates exceptionally high potential for pathogen exchange. The surveillance of pathogens in primates plays an important role in anticipating possible outbreaks. In this study, we conducted a molecular investigation of pathogenic bacteria in feces from African nonhuman primates (NHPs). We also investigated the pathogens shared by the human population and gorillas living in the same territory in the Republic of Congo. In total, 93% of NHPs (n=176) and 95% (n=38) of humans were found to carry at least one bacterium. Non-pallidum Treponema spp. (including T. succinifaciens, T. berlinense, and several potential new species) were recovered from stools of 70% of great apes, 88% of monkeys, and 79% of humans. Non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp. were also common in almost all NHP species as well as in humans. In addition, Acinetobacter spp., members of the primate gut microbiota, were mainly prevalent in human and gorilla. Pathogenic Leptospira spp. were highly present in humans (82%) and gorillas (66%) stool samples in Congo, but were absent in the other NHPs, therefore suggesting a possible gorillas-humans exchange. Particular attention will be necessary for enteropathogenic bacteria detected in humans such as Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella spp. (including S. typhi/paratyphi), Staphyloccocus aureus, and Tropheryma whipplei, some of which were also present in gorillas in the same territory (S. aureus and T. whipplei). This study enhances our knowledge of pathogenic bacteria that threaten African NHPs and humans by using a non-invasive sampling technique. Contact between humans and NHPs results in an exchange of pathogens. Ongoing surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies alone will limit the spread of these infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI,
Marseille, France,PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute,
University Constantine, El Khroub, Algeria,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
DVM Hacène Medkour, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385
Marseille Cedex 05, France; , ORCID
iD: 0000-0002-5208-2576; Dr. Oleg Mediannikov, IHU Méditerranée Infection,
19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France;
, ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-2008
| | - Inestin Amona
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME,
Marseille, France,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien
NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Akiana
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Brazzaville,
Republic of the Congo
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI,
Marseille, France,PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute,
University Constantine, El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI,
Marseille, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME,
Marseille, France,Superior School of Food Sciences and Food Industries,
Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ismail Lafri
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME,
Marseille, France,Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida
1, Blida, Algeria,Laboratory of Biotechnology related to Animal
Reproduction (LBRA), University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI,
Marseille, France
| | - Georges Diatta
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME,
Marseille, France,IRD VITROME, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME,
Marseille, France,IRD VITROME, Dakar, Senegal
| | - R. Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- IRD VITROME, Dakar, Senegal,Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative
Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Amanda Barciela
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo
Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal
| | - Slim Gorsane
- Direction interarmées du Service de santé des armées
des Forces Françaises stationnées à Djibouti
| | - Henri Banga-Mboko
- Ecole Nationale d’Agronomie et de Foresterie,
Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI,
Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME,
Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI,
Marseille, France,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
DVM Hacène Medkour, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385
Marseille Cedex 05, France; , ORCID
iD: 0000-0002-5208-2576; Dr. Oleg Mediannikov, IHU Méditerranée Infection,
19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France;
, ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-2008
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8
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Medkour H, Castaneda S, Amona I, Fenollar F, André C, Belais R, Mungongo P, Muyembé-Tamfum JJ, Levasseur A, Raoult D, Davoust B, Mediannikov O. Potential zoonotic pathogens hosted by endangered bonobos. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6331. [PMID: 33737691 PMCID: PMC7973442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few publications, often limited to one specific pathogen, have studied bonobos (Pan paniscus), our closest living relatives, as possible reservoirs of certain human infectious agents. Here, 91 stool samples from semicaptive bonobos and bonobos reintroduced in the wild, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, were screened for different infectious agents: viruses, bacteria and parasites. We showed the presence of potentially zoonotic viral, bacterial or parasitic agents in stool samples, sometimes coinfecting the same individuals. A high prevalence of Human mastadenoviruses (HAdV-C, HAdV-B, HAdV-E) was observed. Encephalomyocarditis viruses were identified in semicaptive bonobos, although identified genotypes were different from those identified in the previous fatal myocarditis epidemic at the same site in 2009. Non-pallidum Treponema spp. including symbiotic T. succinifaciens, T. berlinense and several potential new species with unknown pathogenicity were identified. We detected DNA of non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp., Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella spp. as well as pathogenic Leptospira interrogans. Zoonotic parasites such as Taenia solium and Strongyloides stercoralis were predominantly present in wild bonobos, while Giardia lamblia was found only in bonobos in contact with humans, suggesting a possible exchange. One third of bonobos carried Oesophagostomum spp., particularly zoonotic O. stephanostomum and O. bifurcum-like species, as well as other uncharacterized Nematoda. Trypanosoma theileri has been identified in semicaptive bonobos. Pathogens typically known to be transmitted sexually were not identified. We present here the results of a reasonably-sized screening study detecting DNA/RNA sequence evidence of potentially pathogenic viruses and microorganisms in bonobo based on a noninvasive sampling method (feces) and focused PCR diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sergei Castaneda
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Inestin Amona
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Claudine André
- Les Amis des Bonobos du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Raphaël Belais
- Les Amis des Bonobos du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paulin Mungongo
- Les Amis des Bonobos du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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9
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Medkour H, Laidoudi Y, Dahmana H, Salvi B, Lepidi H, Mediannikov O, Davoust B. Severe pneumonia in a street rat ( Rattus norvegicus) caused by Rodentibacter rarus strain RMC2. Open Vet J 2021; 11:165-173. [PMID: 33898299 PMCID: PMC8057205 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v11i1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rodents are one of the most dangerous reservoirs and carriers of infectious diseases. Gradually, rats have become predominant in cities, sometimes staying in close vicinity to humans, pets, and other animals. Consequently, they tend to increase the transmission risk of pathogens. Case Description Here, we report an original case of bacterial pneumonia in a street rat (Rattus norvegicus). The rat was found dead on a street in the chief town of Marseille (France) after being run over by a car. The necropsy of the corpse revealed generalized granulomatous pneumonia in almost all the pulmonary lobes. Lung lesions and predominantly multiple fibro-inflammatory areas are presumably the witness of an infectious etiology. Bacterial isolation was carried out from lung tissues. Colonies were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The following bacteria were identified: Staphylococcus cohnii, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella parapertussi, Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum, Pelistega suis and Rodentibacter rarus. Based on the histopathological diagnosis and the avoidance approach, the most likely etiological agent of pneumonia is therefore R. rarus, a little-known Pasteurellales bacterium that is closely related to Rodentibacter pneumotropicus. Conclusion These data emphasize the severity of R. rarus infection in rodents. Thus, pointing out a potential risk for other animals (dogs, cats, and birds), as well as humans. The health monitoring program for rodents and rabbits pasteurellosis should now include R. rarus. Therefore, the pathological effect of the Rodentibacterspecies and/or strains needs to be better explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Handi Dahmana
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hubert Lepidi
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’anatomo-pathologie, CHU La Timone, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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10
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Medkour H, Bitam I, Laidoudi Y, Lafri I, Lounas A, Hamidat HK, Mekroud A, Varloud M, Davoust B, Mediannikov O. Potential of Artesunate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum: Efficacy evidence from a randomized field trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008947. [PMID: 33338041 PMCID: PMC7781483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is among the world’s most neglected diseases. Dogs are the main reservoirs/hosts of Leishmania infantum, causative agent of both canine and human visceral leishmaniosis. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) represents a public health problem as one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. Current therapeutics present drawbacks; thus, there is a need for more effective, safer, and cheaper drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the efficacy of oral administration of artesunate or meglumine antimoniate/allopurinol in dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. Forty-two dogs with naturally occurring clinical leishmaniasis were included in this open-label, simple randomized positive-control clinical field trial with 6 months of follow-up. Dogs received meglumine antimoniate 100 mg/kg/day and allopurinol 30 mg/kg/day for 28 days (control group, n = 26) or artesunate 25 mg/kg/day for 6 days (test group, n = 16). The animals were evaluated for their clinical evolution, parasite load (by qPCR) and humoral response at different time points: 0, 30, 90, and 180 days after treatment. Data analyses showed a significant improvement in both groups in clinical scores, parasitemia and antibody titers after treatment. Compared to the control group, the artesunate group showed significantly lower clinical score (P = 0.0001), lower parasitemia (P = 0.0001) and antibody titers after 6 months of follow-up. Compared to baseline values, a rapid, significant reduction (P < 0.012) in antibody levels, 2.28- versus 3.04-fold for the control versus artesunate groups, respectively, was observed 30 days after treatment. Antibody levels continued to decrease further in the artesunate group, where 58% of cases became seronegative at the 6-month follow-up. All qPCR-positive dogs were negative after treatment with artesunate, while 14.3% remained positive with the appearance of two new cases in the control group. Artesunate was well tolerated, and no side effects were recorded. Treatment failures were similar in both groups with 27.27% (6/22), including 18.18% (4/22) mortality in the control group, versus 26.66% (4/15), including 13.33% (2/15) mortality in the artesunate group. This is the first report showing the potential of artesunate in the treatment of dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. Artesunate showed higher efficacy than the current first-line treatment for CanL without any adverse effects. It could be a good alternative chemotherapy for CanL, and may be considered for further studies in human leishmaniases. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings, to determine if there are relapses after treatment and if dogs remain infective to sandflies, to define the ideal therapeutic dosage and duration of treatment with artesunate. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a fatal, zoonotic vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania infantum, a common pathogen for both humans and dogs. Most CanL therapeutics are toxic, expensive, or ineffective. Artemisinin and derivatives have recently demonstrated potent antileishmanial activity in vitro and in experimental models. In this study, dogs with clinical leishmaniasis were randomly included in one of the treatment groups: meglumine antimoniate/allopurinol (control) or artesunate (alternative). Dogs were followed up for 6 months for their clinical score, parasitemia and Leishmania antibody levels. Both groups showed improved clinical scores, parasitemia and antibody titers after treatment. After six months of follow-up, treatment success was very similar in both groups, and 72.73% (16/22) of the controls versus 73.34% (11/15) in the artesunate group had clinical improvement. All dogs initially seropositive by PCR became negative after artesunate treatment, while 14.3% remained positive with the appearance of new cases in the control group. Antibody titers decreased rapidly (from day 30) from baseline especially in the artesunate group, where 58% of the dogs converted to seronegative after 6 months. Artesunate could be a good alternative for treatment of leishmaniasis. Additional clinical trials are needed to obtain more data on this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- Superior School of Food Sciences and Food Industries of Algiers, Algeria
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Ismail Lafri
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA), University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdelaziz Lounas
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA), University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Hamza Karim Hamidat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Abdeslam Mekroud
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub, Algeria
| | | | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Roqueplo C, Lepidi H, Medkour H, Laidoudi Y, Marié JL, Davoust B. Enzootic Hepatic Capillariasis (Calodium hepaticum) in Street Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Marseille City, France. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121048. [PMID: 33327390 PMCID: PMC7764846 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic capillariasis is a rare and neglected zoonosis affecting wild and synanthropic small rodents. It is caused by infection with Calodium hepaticum in liver. Despite the worldwide distribution of the host Rattus norvegicus (brown or street rats) in the urban area, the epidemiological status of this parasitosis remains unknown. In the present study, we examined a total of 27 brown rats from the city centre and a garden (four km from the city centre) of Marseille, France. All rats were autopsied and 52% showed the presence of C. hepaticum eggs in the liver. This result draws general attention to public health risks, since street rats are living near the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Roqueplo
- French Military Health Service, 97411 Saint Denis, France;
- Animal Epidemiology Expert Group of the Military Health Service, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.L.); (H.M.); (Y.L.)
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire D’anatomo-Pathologie, CHU La Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hacène Medkour
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.L.); (H.M.); (Y.L.)
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.L.); (H.M.); (Y.L.)
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Lou Marié
- Animal Epidemiology Expert Group of the Military Health Service, 37000 Tours, France;
- Expertise and Defense Health Strategy Division, French Military Health Service, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Animal Epidemiology Expert Group of the Military Health Service, 37000 Tours, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.L.); (H.M.); (Y.L.)
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-0413732401
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12
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Laidoudi Y, Levasseur A, Medkour H, Maaloum M, Ben Khedher M, Sambou M, Bassene H, Davoust B, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Mediannikov O. An Earliest Endosymbiont, Wolbachia massiliensis sp. nov., Strain PL13 from the Bed Bug ( Cimex hemipterus), Type Strain of a New Supergroup T. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8064. [PMID: 33138055 PMCID: PMC7662661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic Wolbachia are the most sophisticated mutualistic bacterium among all insect-associated microbiota. Wolbachia-insect relationship fluctuates from the simple facultative/parasitic to an obligate nutritional-mutualistic association as it was the case of the bedbug-Wolbachia from Cimexlectularius. Understanding this association may help in the control of associated arthropods. Genomic data have proven to be reliable tools in resolving some aspects of these symbiotic associations. Although, Wolbachia appear to be fastidious or uncultivated bacteria which strongly limited their study. Here we proposed Drosophila S2 cell line for the isolation and culture model to study Wolbachia strains. We therefore isolated and characterized a novel Wolbachia strain associated with the bedbug Cimexhemipterus, designated as wChem strain PL13, and proposed Wolbachiamassiliensis sp. nov. strain wChem-PL13 a type strain of this new species from new supergroup T. Phylogenetically, T-supergroup was close to F and S-supergroups from insects and D-supergroup from filarial nematodes. We determined the 1,291,339-bp genome of wChem-PL13, which was the smallest insect-associated Wolbachia genomes. Overall, the wChem genome shared 50% of protein coding genes with the other insect-associated facultative Wolbachia strains. These findings highlight the diversity of Wolbachia genotypes as well as the Wolbachia-host relationship among Cimicinae subfamily. The wChem provides folate and riboflavin vitamins on which the host depends, while the bacteria had a limited translation mechanism suggesting its strong dependence to its hosts. However, the clear-cut distinction between mutualism and parasitism of the wChem in C. hemipterus cannot be yet ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Laidoudi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Mossaab Maaloum
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Hassan II University, Sidi Othmane, Casablanca 7955, Morocco;
| | - Mariem Ben Khedher
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Masse Sambou
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France, 13385 Marseille, France; (M.S.); (H.B.)
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar 10200, Senegal
| | - Hubert Bassene
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France, 13385 Marseille, France; (M.S.); (H.B.)
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar 10200, Senegal
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France, 13385 Marseille, France; (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (A.L.); (H.M.); (M.B.K.); (B.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Species of the Tabanidae are potent vectors of human and animal diseases, but they have not been thoroughly investigated to date. In Senegal (West Africa), little information is available on these dipterans. Our objective in this study was to investigate Senegalese tabanids and their diversity by using molecular and proteomics approaches, as well as their associated pathogens. METHODS A total of 171 female tabanids were collected, including 143 from Casamance and 28 from Niokolo-Koba. The samples were identified morphologically by PCR sequencing and by MALDI-TOF MS, and PCR analysis was employed for pathogen detection and blood-meal characterization. RESULTS The morphological identification revealed four species concordantly with the molecular identification: Atylotus fuscipes (79.5%), Tabanus guineensis (16.4%), Chrysops distinctipennis (3.5%) and Tabanus taeniola (0.6%) (not identified by PCR). The molecular investigation of pathogens revealed the presence of Trypanosoma theileri (6.6%), Leishmania donovani (6.6%), Setaria digitata (1.5%), Rickettsia spp. (5.1%) and Anaplasmataceae bacteria (0.7%) in A. fuscipes. Tabanus guineensis was positive for L. donovani (35.7%), S. digitata (3.6%) and Anaplasmataceae (17.8%). Leishmania donovani has been detected in 50% of C. distinctipennis specimens and the only T. taeniola specimen. No Piroplasmida, Mansonella spp. or Coxeilla burnetii DNA was detected. In addition to humans (96.43%), Chlorocebus sabeus, a non-human primate, has been identified as a host of (3.57%) analysed tabanids. MALDI-TOF MS enabled us to correctly identify all tabanid species that had good quality spectra and to create a database for future identification. CONCLUSIONS Tabanids in Senegal could be vectors of several pathogens threatening animal and public health. To fully characterize these dipterans, it is therefore necessary that researchers in entomology and infectiology employ molecular characterization and mass spectrometric techniques such as MALDI-TOF MS to analyse these dipterans in Senegal and West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lamine Keita
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEФI), Marseille, France
- UMR Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEФI), Marseille, France
- UMR Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Masse Sambou
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Marseille, France
- Vectors-Tropical and Mediterranean Infections (VITROME), Campus International, UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Handi Dahmana
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEФI), Marseille, France
- UMR Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEФI), Marseille, France.
- UMR Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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14
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Laidoudi Y, Medkour H, Levasseur A, Davoust B, Mediannikov O. New Molecular Data on Filaria and its Wolbachia from Red Howler Monkeys ( Alouatta macconnelli) in French Guiana-A Preliminary Study. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080626. [PMID: 32752052 PMCID: PMC7460519 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported filarial parasites of the genus Dipetalonema and Mansonella from French Guiana monkeys, based on morphological taxonomy. In this study, we screened blood samples from nine howler monkeys (Alouatta macconnelli) for the presence of filaria and Wolbachia DNA. The infection rates were 88.9% for filaria and 55.6% for wolbachiae. The molecular characterization, based on the 18S gene of filariids, revealed that A. macconnelli are infected with at least three species (Mansonella sp., Brugia sp. and an unidentified Onchocercidae species.). Since the 18S and cox1 generic primers are not very effective at resolving co-infections, we developed ITS genus-specific PCRs for Mansonella and Brugia genus. The results revealed coinfections in 75% of positives. The presence of Mansonella sp. and Brugia sp. was also confirmed by the 16S phylogenetic analysis of their associated Wolbachia. Mansonella sp., which close to the species from the subgenus Tetrapetalonema encountered in New World Monkeys, while Brugia sp. was identical to the strain circulating in French Guiana dogs. We propose a novel ITS1Brugia genus-specific qPCR. We applied it to screen for Brugia infection in howler monkeys and 66.7% were found to be positive. Our finding highlights the need for further studies to clarify the species diversity of neotropics monkeys by combining molecular and morphological features. The novel Brugia genus-specific qPCR assays could be an effective tool for the surveillance and characterization of this potential zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Laidoudi
- IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (B.D.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hacène Medkour
- IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (B.D.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (B.D.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (B.D.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (Y.L.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (B.D.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, 19–21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3304-1373-24-01
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15
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Sanchez Fernandez P, Kodjo A, Medkour H, Laidoudi Y, Dubourg G, Eldin C, Parola P, Davoust B, Lagier JC. Autochthonous human and animal leptospirosis, Marseille, France. IDCases 2020; 21:e00899. [PMID: 32670795 PMCID: PMC7341346 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autochtonous leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease in Europe, particularly in France. We report a case of leptospirosis in a 36 year-old man, who is a recently arrived migrant from Tunisia and lives in a squat. He suffered from pulmonary and neurological involvement as well as hepatitis. Seven rats (Rattus norvegicus) were trapped in the squat where the patient lived. Leptospira spp. DNA was detected in the kidney of one rat, highlighting the most likely source of contamination. In addition to the classic recreational or professional exposure to fresh water and practice of outdoor sports as a source of leptospirosis contamination, unhealthy living conditions (homeless or squatting) and therefore frequent exposure to rats, are another risk factor for leptospirosis in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeli Kodjo
- Leptospirosis Laboratory, VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Grègory Dubourg
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Eldin
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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16
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Medkour H, Amona I, Akiana J, Davoust B, Bitam I, Levasseur A, Tall ML, Diatta G, Sokhna C, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Barciela A, Gorsane S, La Scola B, Raoult D, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060657. [PMID: 32570742 PMCID: PMC7354429 DOI: 10.3390/v12060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are known hosts for adenoviruses (AdVs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of AdVs. As with humans, AdV infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of AdVs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different African countries (Republic of Congo, Senegal, Djibouti and Algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in the Republic of Congo, in order to explore the potential zoonotic risks. Samples were screened by real-time and standard PCRs, followed by the sequencing of the partial DNA polymerase gene in order to identify the AdV species. The prevalence was 3.3 folds higher in NHPs than in humans. More than 1/3 (35.8%) of the NHPs and 1/10 (10.5%) of the humans excreted AdVs in their feces. The positive rate was high in great apes (46%), with a maximum of 54.2% in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 35.9% in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), followed by monkeys (25.6%), with 27.5% in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and 23.1% in baboons (seven Papio papio and six Papio hamadryas). No green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) were found to be positive for AdVs. The AdVs detected in NHPs were members of Human mastadenovirus E (HAdV-E), HAdV-C or HAdV-B, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, with evidence of zoonotic transmission since phylogenetic analysis revealed that gorilla AdVs belonging to HAdV-C were genetically identical to strains detected in humans who had been living around gorillas, and, inversely, a HAdV-C member HAdV type was detected in gorillas. This confirms the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus. which has been reported previously. In addition, HAdV-E members, the most often detected here, are widely distributed among NHP species regardless of their origin, i.e., HAdV-E members seem to lack host specificity. Virus isolation was successful from a human sample and the strain of the Mbo024 genome, of 35 kb, that was identified as belonging to HAdV-D, exhibited close identity to HAdV-D members for all genes. This study provides information on the AdVs that infect African NHPs and the human populations living nearby, with an evident zoonotic transmission. It is likely that AdVs crossed the species barrier between different NHP species (especially HAdV-E members), between NHPs and humans (especially HAdV-C), but also between humans, NHPs and other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub 25100, Algeria
| | - Inestin Amona
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Akiana
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- Superior School of Food Sciences and Food Industries, Algiers 16004, Algeria
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Mamadou Lamine Tall
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Georges Diatta
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- VITROME IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- VITROME IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Raquel Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal;
| | - Amanda Barciela
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal;
| | - Slim Gorsane
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé des Armées des Forces Françaises Stationnées à Djibouti;
| | - Bernard La Scola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- Correspondence:
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17
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Medkour H, Davoust B, Angelakis M, Thiéry R, Raoult D, Rousset E, Parola P, Eldin C. A sporadic case of acute Q fever and identification of the animal source of the infection. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:797-800. [PMID: 32385606 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Q fever is a zoonosis. Humans are infected through the inhalation of Coxiella burnetii particles that are dispersed into the air from the birth products or faeces of ruminants. Major outbreaks can occur in association with farming activities. C. burnetii can be disseminated by wind up to several tens of kilometres and infect humans far from its zoonotic source. As a result, the sources of sporadic cases are rarely identified. We report a sporadic case of acute Q fever in a French farmer returning from a cruise in the Caribbean. Careful examination found that the infection was not associated with travel, and a veterinary investigation identified C. burnetii DNA (MST genotype 8) in the faeces, nasal and vaginal swabs of several ewes from her herd of sheep. As a consequence, the herd was slaughtered to avoid dissemination of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. .,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Manolis Angelakis
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Thiéry
- Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Q Fever Unit, ANSES, Biot, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Rousset
- Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Q Fever Unit, ANSES, Biot, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Eldin
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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18
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Dahmana H, Medkour H, Anani H, Granjon L, Diatta G, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Bartonella saheliensis sp. nov. from the blood of Gerbilliscus gambianus from Senegal. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 35:100667. [PMID: 32300480 PMCID: PMC7152674 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella saheliensis strain 077 (= CSUR B644T; = DSM 28003T) is a new bacterial species isolated from blood of the rodent Gerbilliscus gambianus captured in the Sine-Saloum region of Senegal. In this work we describe the characteristics of this microorganism, as well as the complete sequence of the genome and its annotation. Its genome has 2 327 299 bp (G+C content 38.4%) and codes for 2015 proteins and 53 RNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dahmana
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - H Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - H Anani
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - L Granjon
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G Diatta
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - F Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - O Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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19
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Medkour H, Varloud M, Davoust B, Mediannikov O. New Molecular Approach for the Detection of Kinetoplastida Parasites of Medical and Veterinary Interest. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E356. [PMID: 32131458 PMCID: PMC7143920 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastids are protozoa containing a range of ubiquitous free_living species-pathogens of invertebrates, vertebrates and even some plants. Some of them are causative agents of canine vector-borne diseases. Their diagnosis is often missing in a gold standard. Here, we proposed a molecular approach for the diagnosis and study of Kinetoplastida. The TaqMan qPCR assays target the following genes: 24Sa LSU of Kinetoplastida, 28S LSU of Leishmania/ Trypanosoma spp., 5.8S rRNA of Trypanosoma spp., 18S SSU of Leishmania spp., kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA) of L. donovani complex and kDNA of L. infantum, were designed, validated for their sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in silico and in vitro using a panel of known DNAs. They were then used to screen 369 blood samples (358 dogs, 2 equids, 9 monkeys). In addition, new 28S LSU primer sets are presented to use for Kinetoplastida's identification by PCR/sequencing. All qPCRs showed consistently high analytical sensitivities and reproducibility. They detect approximately 0.01 parasite/ mL blood for the kDNA based- qPCRs and at least a single cell-equivalent of rDNA for the other systems. Based on the sequencing results, after screening, Se and Sp were: 0. 919 and 0.971, 0.853 and 0.979, 1.00 and 0.987, 0.826 and 0.995 for all of Kinetoplastida, Leishmania/ Trypanosoma, Trypanosoma, Leishmania spp. specific qPCRs, respectively. kDNA based qPCRs were more sensitive and specific (Se: 1.00; Sp: 0.997). PCR/sequencing allowed the detection of Kinetoplastids in animal blood samples such as L. infantum, L. guyanensis, T. congolense, T. evansi and Bodo spp. The molecular approach proposed here is useful for epidemiological studies, fundamental research such as screening for new Kinetoplastida species, diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up. In addition, researchers are free to choose the molecular tools adapted to their aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (B.D.)
- UMR Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub 25100, Algeria
| | | | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (B.D.)
- UMR Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEΦI), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (B.D.)
- UMR Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
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20
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Medkour H, Laidoudi Y, Athias E, Bouam A, Dizoé S, Davoust B, Mediannikov O. Molecular and serological detection of animal and human vector-borne pathogens in the blood of dogs from Côte d'Ivoire. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 69:101412. [PMID: 31981798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In Côte d'Ivoire, limited information are available on vector-borne pathogens, their prevalence and distribution. Here, we assess the occurrence and diversity of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) in Abidjan and Yamoussoukro cities. Blood from a total of 123 dogs were tested for Leishmania infantum and Ehrlichia canis antibodies and screened for Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp., Piroplasmida, Filariidae and Anaplasmataceae by PCR and sequencing. Among dogs, 39 % were positive for at least one pathogen. Seroprevalences were: 15.4 % and 12.2 % for L. infantum and E. canis, respectively. DNA of L. infantum and T. congolense (4.1 %), Baabesia vogeli (1.6 %), Filariidae (Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum) (10.6 %) has been detected. Anaplasmataceae were detected in (17.1 %) and E. canis was the only identified specie. Co-infections were observed in 13.8 % of dogs: E. canis-L. infantum co-infection was the most prevalent (4.9 %). Age, breed and sex of dogs do not seem to influence infections. Village dogs were more susceptible to CVBDs than kennel dogs (PV = 0.0000008). This study reports for the first time the presence of L. infantum, B. vogeli, A. reconditum, D. immitis and D. repens in dogs from Côte d'Ivoire and determines the prevalence and diversity of CVBD pathogens. The results indicate that human and animal pathogens are abundant in Ivoirian dogs which requires attention of veterinarians, physicians and authorities against these diseases, especially against major zoonosis such as visceral leishmaniasis (L. infantum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Athias
- Army Health Service, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Amar Bouam
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Medkour H, Laidoudi Y, Lafri I, Davoust B, Mekroud A, Bitam I, Mediannikov O. Canine vector-borne protozoa: Molecular and serological investigation for Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., Babesia spp., and Hepatozoon spp. in dogs from Northern Algeria. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2019; 19:100353. [PMID: 32057382 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dogs are competent reservoirs/hosts of several protozoan pathogens transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods. Throughout their long history of domestication, they have served as a link for the exchange of parasites among livestock, wildlife, and humans and therefore remain an important source of emerging and re-emerging diseases. In Algeria, while canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is well known to be endemic, no data are available on other vector-borne protozoans. Here, we investigate the occurrence and diversity of trypanosomes, piroplasms and Hepatozoon spp. and update the epidemiological status of CanL in dogs from Kabylia, northern Algeria. A total of 227 dogs from three regions of Kabylia were enrolled, including 77 dogs with clinical signs. Dogs were clinically examined and were tested for L. infantum antibodies using a Rapid Immuno-Migration (RIM™) and a quantitative indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). PCR screening and sequencing were performed for vector-borne protozoa. Sixty two percent (141/227) of dogs presented at least one infection, whereas 26% (59/227) were co-infected. L. infantum antibodies were detected in 35.7% (81/227) of dogs including 88.7% (68/77) of sick dogs. Molecular investigation revealed prevalence of: 6.6% (15/227), 13.2% (30/227), 41% (93/227) for Trypanosoma spp., B. vogeli and H. canis, respectively. T. evansi (3.1%) and potential new subspecies of T. congolense had been identified. Dog''s clinical status correlates positively with L. infantum antibody titers and the presence of co-infections. Susceptibility to CanL varied according to the dog's aptitude and guard dogs were more infected (51%) (P-value = .001). B. vogeli infection was more frequent in juveniles than adults (32% vs 9%, P-value < .001) and in females than males (21% vs 10%, P-value = .02). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on vector-borne protozoa infected dogs in Algeria. Current results are important not only for animal health, but also to avoid serious public health and livestock problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEФI), France; UMR Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, 25100, El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEФI), France; UMR Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Ismail Lafri
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Vectors-Tropical and Mediterranean Infections (VITROME), UMR Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, Algeria
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEФI), France
| | - Abdeslam Mekroud
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, 25100, El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Idir Bitam
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Vectors-Tropical and Mediterranean Infections (VITROME), UMR Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, APHM -19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Superior School of Food Sciences and Food Industries of Algiers, Algeria
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection - Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEФI), France.
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Medkour H, Lo CI, Anani H, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Bartonella massiliensis sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from an Ornithodoros sonrai tick from Senegal. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 32:100596. [PMID: 31719993 PMCID: PMC6839013 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella massiliensis sp. nov., strain OS09T (= CSURB624T = DSM 23169), is the type strain of Bartonella massiliensis sp. nov., a new species within the genus Bartonella. It was isolated from a soft tick, Ornithodoros sonrai, vector of recurrent fever collected from Senegalese domestic rodent burrows. This strain is an aerobic, rod-shaped and Gram-negative bacterium. On the basis of taxonogenomic approach, we propose the creation of Bartonella massiliensis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Medkour
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - C I Lo
- IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - H Anani
- IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - F Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - O Mediannikov
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
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23
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Medkour H, Davoust B, Levasseur A, Mediannikov O. Molecular Evidence of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania guyanensis in Red Howler Monkey ( Alouatta seniculus) from French Guiana. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:896-900. [PMID: 31314697 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of Leishmania spp. was evaluated in the blood of nine red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) from a specific area of French Guiana, located in the northeast of the Amazon. The molecular detection was performed based on PCR targeting the markers 18S rRNA, kDNA and ITS2 genes, as well as rapid immunomigration tests. Two monkeys were positive for Leishmania infantum and one for Leishmania guyanensis. While L. guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis is common, visceral leishmaniasis (human and canine) caused by L. infantum has never been described in this area. The howler monkey proved to be a sentinel and a potential reservoir of a serious zoonosis. These results must be carefully considered by public health officials and veterinarians in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Medkour H, Davoust B, Dulieu F, Maurizi L, Lamour T, Marié JL, Mediannikov O. Potential animal reservoirs (dogs and bats) of human visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in French Guiana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007456. [PMID: 31216270 PMCID: PMC6602241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In French Guiana, cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly endemic, whereas no autochthonous case of visceral leishmaniasis have been reported so far. However, due to its proximity to Brazil which is highly endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, and the high transboundary population flow, an epidemiological challenge could arise at any time. As an overseas department and region and the largest outermost region of the European Union, epidemiological surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis is of great importance. Our study aimed to investigate the presence of Leishmania spp. in domestic (dogs) and sylvatic (bats) animals from French Guiana. Over the 2008-2018 period, samples from 349 animals were collected. They included blood from 179 autochthonous dogs and 59 bats, spleen samples from 33 bats and, blood from 78 military working dogs (MWD) collected before their departure from continental France and at the end of their four-month stay in French Guiana. Samples were screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays targeting Leishmania DNA followed by sequencing of 18S rRNA, kDNA and ITS2 genes. L. infantum was detected in 2.3% (8/349) of animals with 1.7% (3/179) of autochthonous dogs, 5.1% (4/78) of MWD returning from French Guiana, whereas they were negative before their departure. One of them dates back to 2012. All these dogs were positive for serological tests. In addition, L. infantum DNA was detectable in one bat spleen sample, belonging to Carollia perspicillata species. We report here for the first time an infection with L. infantum in dogs and bat from French Guiana. Our results suggest the existence of potential reservoir and transmission cycle for visceral leishmaniasis, at least since 2012, which was unknown in this territory until now. Further studies are needed to determine how these animals were infected and which vectors are involved in the transmission in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Animal Epidemiology Working Group of the Military Health Service, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Lou Marié
- Animal Epidemiology Working Group of the Military Health Service, Marseille, France
- French Army Health Service, Paris, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Laidoudi Y, Medkour H, Tahir D, Marié JL, Varloud M, Mediannikov O, Davoust B. Protection against canine vector-borne diseases using a monthly prevention of dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen and milbemycine oxime. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lounas A, Oumouna-Benachour K, Medkour H, Oumouna M. The first evidence of a new genotype of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus circulating in vaccinated and unvaccinated broiler flocks in Algeria. Vet World 2018; 11:1630-1636. [PMID: 30587900 PMCID: PMC6303496 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1630-1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) frequently infects broilers and is responsible for severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. It has also been associated with kidney damage in the broiler flocks. The aim of the present study is to determine the presence of IBV and its possible involvement in kidney damage of broiler chicks. Materials and Methods 14 clinically diseased broiler flocks from Western and Central Algeria were sampled and analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by phylogenic analysis. Results The QX (100%) and 4/91 (60%) IBV serotypes were the most prevalent in the kidney damaged broilers regardless of vaccination status. The molecular detection of avian IBV by RT-PCR identified six samples as positive, of which only two isolates were typable by sequencing. We identified a novel IBDZ13a genotype which showed 93% sequence homology to the partial-S1 gene sequence of the IB 4/91 commercial vaccine strain. Sequencing analysis characterized this virus as a novel and divergent IB 4/91 field virus with eight amino acid substitutions that might have resulted in altered immunogenicity. Conclusion The isolation of a new IBV strain (IBDZ13a) from vaccinated broiler flocks may explain the failure of the vaccination programs against IBV field strains. Combination of the HI test and RT-PCR indicated that the nephropathogenic IB outbreaks in broilers are related to this novel strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lounas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary Sciences Institute, University of Blida, Algeria
| | - K Oumouna-Benachour
- Department of natural sciences and life, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Yahia Fares of Medea, Algeria
| | - H Medkour
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, UMR Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - M Oumouna
- Department of natural sciences and life, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Yahia Fares of Medea, Algeria
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Yahiaoui F, Kardjadj M, Laidoudi Y, Medkour H, Ben-Mahdi MH. The epidemiology of dog rabies in Algeria: Retrospective national study of dog rabies cases, determination of vaccination coverage and immune response evaluation of three commercial used vaccines. Prev Vet Med 2018; 158:65-70. [PMID: 30220397 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease. Several animal species can transmit rabies, but domestic dogs are the main reservoir implicated in rabies transmission to human and other susceptible animals. There is a scarcity of data regarding canine rabies in Algeria. Hence, this report is the first study that attempts to understand the epidemiology of dog rabies through a retrospective national study of rabies cases between 2010 and 2016, determination of canine vaccination coverage and evaluation of immune response of three rabies commercial vaccines used in Algeria. Our results revealed the persistent nature of dog rabies in Algeria; with a mean of 131 positive cases per year. The vaccination coverage findings indicated that 30.81% (126/409) of the reported vaccinated dog and 47.98% (261/544) of all studied dogs presented low level of rabies antibodies titres (less than 0.5 IU), and were therefore considered not immune to rabies. Additionally, our vaccine evaluation findigs showed a weak immune response of inactivated vaccine without adjuvant. Even with adjuvanted inactivated and attenuated live vaccines, several vaccinated dogs did not develop vaccine protection. Therefore, our results recommend further studies to test the efficiency of adding a booster vaccine shot, especially in primo-vaccinated dogs to optimize the vaccination protocol; rabies is potentially fatal zoonosis, tolerating no vaccine failure. Moreover, the present study establish the necessity to re-examine the national rabies control program, implemented in 1996, particularly concerning population education, vaccination strategy, surveillance and campaigns monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Yahiaoui
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Santé et Productions Animales", Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire (ENSV) d'Alger, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Moustafa Kardjadj
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Santé et Productions Animales", Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire (ENSV) d'Alger, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria; Ecole Supérieure en Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agro-alimentaires, ESSAIA (Ex EPSNV) El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Santé et Productions Animales", Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire (ENSV) d'Alger, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hacène Medkour
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Santé et Productions Animales", Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire (ENSV) d'Alger, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Hind Ben-Mahdi
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Santé et Productions Animales", Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire (ENSV) d'Alger, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria; Ecole Supérieure en Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agro-alimentaires, ESSAIA (Ex EPSNV) El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
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