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Maciel AMS, Ramos AN, Gomes VDS, Ferreira AF, de Almeida NMGS, Gómez DVF, Favacho JDFR, Maciel MMS, Delerino AL, Pires RDJ. Epidemiology and control of trachoma in the state of Ceará, Northeast Brazil, 2007-2021. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:S0037-86822023000100302. [PMID: 36700599 PMCID: PMC9870276 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0207-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the epidemiology, surveillance, and control strategies for trachoma in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil, from 2007 to 2021. METHODS This ecological study was based on secondary data from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases of the Secretary of Health of the state of Ceará. Data from school and home surveys for trachoma detection obtained during the study period were analyzed, the percentage of positivity was estimated, and sociodemographic and clinico-epidemiological factors were investigated. RESULTS The coverage of trachoma surveillance and control actions in Ceará municipalities increased from 12.5% in 2007 to 55.9% in 2019, but with an average restriction of 8.0% during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated trachoma positivity (mean overall positivity) was less than 5.0% (2.76%, 95% CI 1.2-5.2), with a higher proportion of cases in the 5-9-year age group (45.0%, 95% CI 44.6-45.4), in females (53.2%, 95% CI 52.8-53.6), and rural areas (52.6%, 95% CI 52.2-53.0). Positivity above 10.0% was observed in the Litoral Leste/Jaguaribe and Sertão Central regions, with a higher occurrence of the follicular inflammatory clinical form (98.1%, 95% CI 98.0-98.2). CONCLUSIONS Trachoma remains in the state of Ceará and is likely underreported. Despite recent advances, the fragility of health surveillance activities compromises the recognition of the actual magnitude and distribution of trachoma in the state. Accurate information is fundamental for planning, monitoring, and evaluating surveillance and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjoane Maurício Silva Maciel
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Secretária Municipal de Saúde, Russas, CE, Brasil
| | - Alberto Novaes Ramos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Vivian da Silva Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Anderson Fuentes Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto da Justa Pires
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Brito CMGD, Medeiros ZMD, Barbosa CC, Montarroyos UR, Ferraz C, Vieira MDT, Lopes MDFC, Gouveia GC. Prevalence of trachoma in Pernambuco State, Brazil (2014-2015). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e29. [PMID: 33852712 PMCID: PMC8046508 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To estimate the prevalence of cases of trachoma in the population at social risk
aged 1-9 years in Pernambuco State and its mesoregions. This was a
cross-sectional study in which secondary data from the National Household Survey
on Trachoma (2014-2015) were analyzed. The study covered 96 census tracts
distributed across the mesoregions of Pernambuco State (Metropolitan Region of
Recife, Zona da Mata, Agreste, Sertao do Sao Francisco and Sertao Pernambucano).
The study included all homes with children aged 1-9 years, and all of them were
examined for trachoma, using the WHO criteria. Among the total of 7,423 children
aged 1-9 years who participated in this survey, 446 presented with active
trachoma. Thus, the prevalence of trachoma in Pernambuco State, in children
between 1-9 years old was 6.65%, and it was higher among children aged 5-9 years
(7.12%) and among girls (7.23%). This result was seen in the majority of the
mesoregions studied, except in the Zona da Mata and Sertao do Sao Francisco,
where there were higher prevalences in the age group of 1-4 years (5.55%) and
among boys (5.90%). A tendency towards a higher prevalence between 1 and 6 years
of age was observed. The follicular trachoma continues to be an important public
health problem in Pernambuco State. It particularly affects poor people,
including those living in urban areas of the State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Michele Gondim de Brito
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Secretaria de Saúde, I Região de Saúde, Departamento da Vigilância em Saúde, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Zulma Maria de Medeiros
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Celivane Cavalcanti Barbosa
- Secretaria de Saúde, I Região de Saúde, Departamento da Vigilância em Saúde, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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