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Ashayeri H, Sobhi N, Pławiak P, Pedrammehr S, Alizadehsani R, Jafarizadeh A. Transfer Learning in Cancer Genetics, Mutation Detection, Gene Expression Analysis, and Syndrome Recognition. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2138. [PMID: 38893257 PMCID: PMC11171544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has revolutionized medical research, facilitating advancements in drug discovery and cancer diagnosis. ML identifies patterns in data, while DL employs neural networks for intricate processing. Predictive modeling challenges, such as data labeling, are addressed by transfer learning (TL), leveraging pre-existing models for faster training. TL shows potential in genetic research, improving tasks like gene expression analysis, mutation detection, genetic syndrome recognition, and genotype-phenotype association. This review explores the role of TL in overcoming challenges in mutation detection, genetic syndrome detection, gene expression, or phenotype-genotype association. TL has shown effectiveness in various aspects of genetic research. TL enhances the accuracy and efficiency of mutation detection, aiding in the identification of genetic abnormalities. TL can improve the diagnostic accuracy of syndrome-related genetic patterns. Moreover, TL plays a crucial role in gene expression analysis in order to accurately predict gene expression levels and their interactions. Additionally, TL enhances phenotype-genotype association studies by leveraging pre-trained models. In conclusion, TL enhances AI efficiency by improving mutation prediction, gene expression analysis, and genetic syndrome detection. Future studies should focus on increasing domain similarities, expanding databases, and incorporating clinical data for better predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ashayeri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran;
| | - Navid Sobhi
- Nikookari Eye Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (N.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Paweł Pławiak
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Siamak Pedrammehr
- Faculty of Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz 5164736931, Iran;
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Roohallah Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Ali Jafarizadeh
- Nikookari Eye Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (N.S.); (A.J.)
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
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Naik S, Soumya V, Mamledesai SN, Manickavasagam M, Choudhari P, Rathod S. Discovery of Substituted 2-oxoquinolinylthiazolidin-4-one Analogues as Potential EGFRK Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Treatment. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:227-240. [PMID: 38830371 DOI: 10.1055/a-2305-2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer and the chemotherapeutic drugs available have high toxicity and have reported side effects hence, there is a need for the synthesis of novel drugs in the treatment of cancer. METHODS The current research work dealt with the synthesis of a series of 3-(3-acetyl-2-oxoquinolin-1-(2H)-yl-2-(substitutedphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one (Va-j) derivatives and evaluation of their in-vitro anticancer activity. All the synthesized compounds were satisfactorily characterized by IR and NMR data. Compounds were further evaluated for their in-vitro anticancer activity against A-549 (lung cancer) cell lines. The in-vitro anticancer activity was based upon the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay method. RESULTS The synthesized compounds exhibited satisfactory anticancer properties against the A-549 cell line. The compound (VH): showed the highest potency amongst the tested derivatives against the A-549 cell line with IC50 values of 100 µg/ml respectively and was also found to be more potent than Imatinib (150 µg/ml) which was used as a standard drug. Molecular docking studies of the titled compounds (Va-j) were carried out using AutoDock Vina/PyRx software. The synthesized compounds exhibited well-conserved hydrogen bonds with one or more amino acid residues in the active pocket of the EGFRK tyrosine kinase domain (PDB 1m17). CONCLUSION Among all the synthesized analogues, the binding affinity of the compound (Vh) was found to be higher than other synthesized derivatives and a molecular dynamics simulation study explored the stability of the docked complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.E.S's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa, India
| | - Vasu Soumya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Shivlingrao N Mamledesai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.E.S's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa, India
| | - M Manickavasagam
- Department of Oncology, SRMC & RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Prafulla Choudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanket Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Yeh WC, Tu YC, Chien TC, Hsu PL, Lee CW, Wu SY, Pan BS, Yu HH, Su BC. Vismodegib Potentiates Marine Antimicrobial Peptide Tilapia Piscidin 4-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10282-8. [PMID: 38743208 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common cancer with several accepted treatments, such as chemotherapy, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nevertheless, NSCLC cells often become insensitive to these treatments, and therapeutic resistance is a major reason NSCLC still has a high mortality rate. The induction of therapeutic resistance in NSCLC often involves hedgehog, and suppression of hedgehog can increase NSCLC cell sensitivity to several conventional therapies. In our previous work, we demonstrated that the marine antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) exhibits potent anti-NSCLC activity in both EGFR-WT and EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. Here, we sought to further explore whether hedgehog might influence the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to TP4. Our results showed that hedgehog was activated by TP4 in both WT and EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells and that pharmacological inhibition of hedgehog by vismodegib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved hedgehog inhibitor, potentiated TP4-induced cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, vismodegib acted by enhancing TP4-mediated increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). MitoTempo, a specific mitochondrial ROS scavenger, abolished vismodegib/TP4 cytotoxicity. The combination of vismodegib with TP4 also reduced the levels of the antioxidant proteins catalase and superoxide dismutase, and it diminished the levels of chemoresistance-related proteins, Bcl-2 and p21. Thus, we conclude that hedgehog regulates the cytotoxic sensitivity of NSCLC cells to TP4 by protecting against mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressing oxidative stress. These findings suggest that combined treatment of vismodegib and TP4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Yeh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chieh Tu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Chien
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wan Lee
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, 78, Section 2, Minzu Road, West Central District, Tainan, 70007, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710, USA
| | - Hsin-Hsien Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chyuan Su
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Fabrizio FP, Attili I, de Marinis F. Uncommon and Rare EGFR Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with a Focus on Exon 20 Insertions and the Phase 3 PAPILLON Trial: The State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1331. [PMID: 38611009 PMCID: PMC11010879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncommon (ucEGFRmuts) and rare epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations account for 10-15% of diagnosed cases and consist of a heterogeneous group represented by several clusters within exons 18-21 (e.g., exon 18 point mutations, exon 21 L861X, exon 20 S768I), as well as exon 20 insertions (Ex20ins). Their incidence is under molecular and clinical investigation following recent findings that reported an increase of sensitivity and specificity of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. Consequently, their detection allows for the selection of emerging treatment options to significantly improve patients' outcomes in these particular subgroups of EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, this commentary is focused on the notable progress of the Phase 3 PAPILLON study that showed primary efficacy results from amivantamab, a bispecific antibody with specific binding and affinity to extracellular domains of EGFR and MET, plus chemotherapy in the first-line setting for EGFR exon 20 insertion-mutated advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients, as compared with chemotherapy alone, thus becoming the new standard of care in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
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Stockhammer P, Grant M, Wurtz A, Foggetti G, Expósito F, Gu J, Zhao H, Choi J, Chung S, Li F, Walther Z, Dietz J, Duffield E, Gettinger S, Politi K, Goldberg SB. Co-Occurring Alterations in Multiple Tumor Suppressor Genes Are Associated With Worse Outcomes in Patients With EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:240-251. [PMID: 37806385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC inevitably have disease progression while on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Co-occurring tumor suppressor gene (TSG) alterations have been associated with poor outcomes, however, detailed analyses of their impact on patient outcomes are limited. METHODS Patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with EGFR TKIs who had tumor genomic profiling were included. Alterations in TP53 and five additional TSGs (RB1, NF1, ARID1A, BRCA1, and PTEN) were used to stratify the cohort into the following three subgroups: patients with tumors harboring a TP53 mutation plus a mutation in at least one additional TSG (TP53mut/TSGmut), those having a TP53 mutation without additional TSG mutations (TP53mut/TSGwt), and those with TP53wt. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were assessed in two independent cohorts. RESULTS A total of 101 patients from the Yale Cancer Center and 182 patients from the American Association for Cancer Research Project GENIE database were included. In the Yale cohort, TP53 mutations were identified in 65 cases (64%), of which 23 were TP53mut/TSGmut and 42 were TP53mut/TSGwt. Although the presence of a TP53 mutation was associated with worse outcomes, the additional TSG alteration in TP53mut tumors identified a subset of patients associated with particularly aggressive disease and inferior clinical outcome in both the Yale and the GENIE cohorts. Specifically, in the Yale cohort for patients receiving first-line TKIs, those with TP53mut/TSGmut tumors had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than TP53mut/TSGwt (PFS: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.03, confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-3.69, p < 0.01, OS: HR = 1.58, CI: 0.82-3.04, p = 0.12) or TP53wt cases (PFS: HR 2.4, CI: 1.28-4.47, p < 0.001, OS: HR = 2.54, CI: 1.21-5.34, p < 0.005). Inferior outcomes in patients with TP53mut/TSGmut tumors were also found in those receiving osimertinib as second-line therapy. Similar findings were seen in patients in the GENIE cohort. CONCLUSIONS Patients with TP53mut/TSGmut tumors represent a patient subgroup characterized by an aggressive disease phenotype and inferior outcomes on EGFR TKIs. This information is important for understanding the biological underpinnings of differential outcomes with TKI treatment and has implications for identifying patients who may benefit from additional therapeutic interventions beyond osimertinib monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stockhammer
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Grant
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anna Wurtz
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Giorgia Foggetti
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Medical Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francisco Expósito
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyun Chung
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fangyong Li
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zenta Walther
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julia Dietz
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emily Duffield
- Yale New Haven Hospital, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Scott Gettinger
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katerina Politi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah B Goldberg
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Yousaf MA, Anwer SA, Basheera S, Sivanandan S. Computational investigation of Moringa oleifera phytochemicals targeting EGFR: molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1901-1923. [PMID: 37154824 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2206288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prominent target for anticancer therapy due to its role in activating several cell signaling cascades. Clinically approved EGFR inhibitors are reported to show treatment resistance and toxicity, this study, therefore, investigates Moringa oleifera phytochemicals to find potent and safe anti-EGFR compounds. For that, phytochemicals were screened based on drug-likeness and molecular docking analysis followed by molecular dynamics simulation, density functional theory analysis and ADMET analysis to identify the effective inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) domain. Known EGFR-TK inhibitors (1-4 generations) were used as control. Among 146 phytochemicals, 136 compounds showed drug-likeness, of which Delta 7-Avenasterol was the most potential EGFR-TK inhibitor with a binding energy of -9.2 kcal/mol followed by 24-Methylenecholesterol (-9.1 kcal/mol), Campesterol (-9.0 kcal/mol) and Ellagic acid (-9.0 kcal/mol). In comparison, the highest binding affinity from control drugs was displayed by Rociletinib (-9.0 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation (100 ns) exhibited the structural stability of native EGFR-TK and protein-inhibitor complexes. Further, MM/PBSA computed the binding free energies of protein complex with Delta 7-Avenasterol, 24-Methylenecholesterol, Campesterol and Ellagic acid as -154.559 ± 18.591 kJ/mol, -139.176 ± 19.236 kJ/mol, -136.212 ± 17.598 kJ/mol and -139.513 ± 23.832 kJ/mol, respectively. Non-polar interactions were the major contributors to these energies. The density functional theory analysis also established the stability of these inhibitor compounds. ADMET analysis depicted acceptable outcomes for all top phytochemicals without displaying any toxicity. In conclusion, this report has identified promising EGFR-TK inhibitors to treat several cancers that can be further investigated through laboratory and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum Anwer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shefin Basheera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Saraswathy Thangavelu Extension Centre, A Research Centre of University of Kerala, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreekumar Sivanandan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Saraswathy Thangavelu Extension Centre, A Research Centre of University of Kerala, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Mirza M, Shrivastava A, Matthews C, Leighl N, Ng CSH, Planchard D, Popat S, Rotow J, Smit EF, Soo R, Tsuboi M, Yang F, Stiles B, Grohe C, Wu YL. Treatment decision for recurrences in non-small cell lung cancer during or after adjuvant osimertinib: an international Delphi consensus report. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1330468. [PMID: 38322280 PMCID: PMC10845045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1330468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osimertinib is recommended by major guidelines for use in the adjuvant setting in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC following the significant improvement in disease-free survival observed in the Phase III ADAURA trials. Due to limited real-world data in the adjuvant setting, little guidance exists on how to approach potential recurrences either during or after the completion of the treatment. This study aimed to reach a broad consensus on key treatment decision criteria in the events of recurrence. Methods To reach a broad consensus, a modified Delphi panel study was conducted consisting of two rounds of surveys, followed by two consensus meetings and a final offline review of key statements. An international panel of experts in the field of NSCLC (n=12) was used to provide clinical insights regarding patient management at various stages of NSCLC disease including patient monitoring, diagnostics, and treatment approach for specific recurrence scenarios. This study tested recurrences occurring 1) within or outside the central nervous system (CNS), 2) during or after the adjuvant-osimertinib regimen in NSCLC disease which is 3) amenable or not amenable to local consolidative therapy. Results Panellists agreed on various aspects of patient monitoring and diagnostics including the use of standard techniques (e.g., CT, MRI) and tumour biomarker assessment using tissue and liquid biopsies. Consensus was reached on 6 statements describing treatment considerations for the specific NSCLC recurrence scenarios. Panellists agreed on the value of osimertinib as a monotherapy or as part of the overall treatment strategy within the probed recurrence scenarios and acknowledged that more clinical evidence is required before precise recommendations for specific patient populations can be made. Discussion This study provides a qualitative expert opinion framework for clinicians to consider within their treatment decision-making when faced with recurrence during or after adjuvant-osimertinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natasha Leighl
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Calvin S. H. Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Planchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Sanjay Popat
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Rotow
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ross Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Fan Yang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Brendon Stiles
- Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Grohe
- Department of Pneumology, Evangelische Lungenklinik (ELK) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Hanafi AR, Hanif MA, Pangaribuan MTG, Ariawan WP, Sutandyo N, Kurniawati SA, Setiawan L, Cahyanti D, Rayhani F, Imelda P. Genomic features of lung cancer patients in Indonesia's national cancer center. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:43. [PMID: 38245692 PMCID: PMC10799463 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in molecular biology bring advantages to lung cancer management. Moreover, high-throughput molecular tests are currently useful for revealing genetic variations among lung cancer patients. We investigated the genomics profile of the lung cancer patients at the National Cancer Centre of Indonesia. METHODS A retrospective study enrolled 627 tissue biopsy samples using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 80 circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) liquid biopsy samples using next-generation sequencing (NGS) from lung cancer patients admitted to the Dharmais Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Data were obtained from medical records. Data statistically analysed with p < 0.05 is considered significant. RESULT The EGFR test results revealed by RT-PCR were wild type (51.5%), single variant (38.8%), double variant (8.3%), and triple variant (1.4%), with 18.66% L85R, 18.22% Ex19del, and 11.08% L861Q variant. Liquid biopsy ctDNA using NGS showed only 2.5% EGFR wild type, 62.5% single variant and 35% co-variant, with EGFR/TP53 and EGFR/PIK3CA as the highest. CONCLUSION EGFR variants are the most found in our centre. Liquid biopsy with ctDNA using NGS examination could detect broad variants and co-variants that will influence the treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Riswahyudi Hanafi
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Letjen S. Parman Street Kav. 84-86 Slipi Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, West Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Alfin Hanif
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Letjen S. Parman Street Kav. 84-86 Slipi Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, West Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Mariska T G Pangaribuan
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Letjen S. Parman Street Kav. 84-86 Slipi Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, West Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Wily Pandu Ariawan
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Letjen S. Parman Street Kav. 84-86 Slipi Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, West Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Noorwati Sutandyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agustini Kurniawati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lyana Setiawan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dian Cahyanti
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Farilaila Rayhani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Priscillia Imelda
- Cancer Research Team, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Indonesia
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Zhang Q, Wang R, Xu L. Clinical advances in EGFR-TKI combination therapy for EGFR-mutated NSCLC: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:3764-3778. [PMID: 38192990 PMCID: PMC10774042 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Mutations located in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domains have been described as the 'Achilles heel' of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and can be targeted by epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, the clinical benefits of EGFR-TKIs are limited, and drug resistance inevitably occurs in NSCLC patients after long-term exposure to certain drugs. EGFR-TKI combination therapies, including combined targeted therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, have shown promise in addressing this issue. This literature review analyzed the rationale and controversies of clinical research related to various EGFR-TKI combination therapies. Methods The PubMed database was searched to retrieve articles published from January 1, 2001 to April 15, 2023 using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer" and "clinical trial". Google Scholar was also reviewed to retrieve additional articles. The search was limited to articles published in English. Key Content and Findings In this review, we summarized EGFR-TKI combination therapies, including combined targeted therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, most of which have shown efficacy and safety in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. A number of clinical studies with large sample sizes have analyzed the activity and toxicity of combined therapies and explored potential and well-tolerated treatment options. Conclusions EGFR mutations have been detected in many NSCLC patients and can be targeted by EGFR-TKIs. However, drug resistance after long-term exposure remains a significant challenge for this type of treatment. Most clinical trials have shown that the combination of EGFR-TKIs and targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy is efficacious and safe in the treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC. It should be noted that in some instances, serious adverse events have led to the termination of trials. However, EGFR-TKI combination therapy is indeed an effective approach for the treatment of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC and deserves further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang Z, Li L, Chu C, Wei X, Liu Q, Wang R, Zhang G, Wu G, Wang Y, An L, Li X. CUDC‑101 is a potential target inhibitor for the EGFR‑overexpression bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:131. [PMID: 37830158 PMCID: PMC10622178 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common urological malignancies worldwide. The molecular mechanism underlying its development is complex, but its carcinogenesis has been proposed to occur with cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, driven by the signaling activity of abundant EGFR and receptor tyrosine‑protein kinase erbB‑2. In the present study, T24 bladder cancer cell lines with EGFR‑overexpression were constructed, before the multi‑target inhibitor CUDC‑101 was used to investigate its potential as a targeted therapeutic agent for bladder cancer using chemosensitivity methods. The results showed that CUDC‑101 induced cytotoxic effects, inhibited growth vitality and proliferation in a dose‑dependent manner. CUDC‑101 also altered the skeletal morphology and microfilament structure, while blocking cell cycle progression and causing apoptosis. These results supported the proposed cytotoxic effects of CUDC‑101, in addition to its inhibitory effects on cell division and proliferation in EGFR‑overexpressing bladder cancer cells. Therefore CUDC‑101 may to be a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangkai Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Wu
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Lei An
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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11
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Pal R, Teli G, Sengupta S, Maji L, Purawarga Matada GS. An outlook of docking analysis and structure-activity relationship of pyrimidine-based analogues as EGFR inhibitors against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37642992 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Almost 80% of lung cancer diagnoses each year correspond to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The percentage of NSCLC with EGFR overexpression ranges from 40% to 89%, with squamous tumors showing the greatest rates (89%) and adenocarcinomas showing the lowest rates (41%). Therefore, in NSCLC therapy, blocking the EGFR-driven pathway by inhibiting the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR has exhibited significant improvement. In this view, several small molecules particularly pyrimidine/fused pyrimidine scaffolds were intended for molecular hybridization to develop EGFR-TK inhibitors. However, the associated limitation such as resistance and genetic mutation along with adverse effects, constrained the long-term treatment and effectiveness of such medication. Therefore, in recent years, pyrimidine derivatives were uncovered as potential EGFR TKIs. The present review summarised the research progress of EGFR TKIs to dazed structure-activity relationship, biological evaluation, and comparative docking studies of pyrimidine compounds. We have added the comparative docking analysis followed by the molecular simulation study against the four different PDBs of EGFR to strengthen the already existing research. Docking analysis unfolded that compound 14 resulted as noticeable with all different PDB and managed to interact with some of the crucial amino acid residues. From a future perspective, researchers must develop a more selective inhibitor, that can selectively target the mutation. Our review will support medicinal chemists in the direction of the development of novel pyrimidine-based EGFR TKIs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ghanshyam Teli
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalmohan Maji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Chamorro DF, Cardona AF, Rodríguez J, Ruiz-Patiño A, Arrieta O, Moreno-Pérez DA, Rojas L, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Ardila DV, Viola L, Recondo G, Blaquier JB, Martín C, Raez L, Samtani S, Ordóñez-Reyes C, Garcia-Robledo JE, Corrales L, Sotelo C, Ricaurte L, Cuello M, Mejía S, Jaller E, Vargas C, Carranza H, Otero J, Archila P, Bermudez M, Gamez T, Russo A, Malapelle U, de Miguel Perez D, de Lima VCC, Freitas H, Saldahna E, Rolfo C, Rosell R. Genomic Landscape of Primary Resistance to Osimertinib Among Hispanic Patients with EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Results of an Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study. Target Oncol 2023; 18:425-440. [PMID: 37017806 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-00955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (EGFRm) represent one of the most common genomic alterations identified among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several targeted agents for patients with EGFRm have been proven safe and effective, including the third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib. Nonetheless, some patients will present with or develop EGFR-TKI resistance mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We characterized the genomic landscape of primary resistance to osimertinib among Hispanic patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. METHODS An observational longitudinal cohort study was conducted with two groups of patients, those with intrinsic resistance (cohort A) and those with long-term survival (cohort B). All patients were treated and followed between January 2018 and May 2022. All patients were assessed for Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM)/AXL mRNA expression before starting TKI. After 8 weeks of treatment, a liquid biopsy was performed to determine the presence of circulating free DNA (cfDNA), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify mutations at the time of progression. In both cohorts, overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS We found a homogeneous distribution of EGFR-sensitizing mutations in both cohorts. For cohort A, exon 21 mutations were more common than exon 19 deletions (ex19dels) for cohort B (P = 0.0001). The reported ORR for osimertinib was 6.3% and 100% for cohorts A and B, respectively (P = 0.0001). PFS was significantly higher in cohort B (27.4 months vs. 3.1 months; P = 0.0001) and ex19del patients versus L858R (24.5 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18.2-NR), vs. 7.6 months, 95% CI 4.8-21.1; P = 0.001). OS was considerably lower for cohort A (20.1 months vs. 36.0 months; P = 0.0001) and was better for patients with ex19del, no brain metastasis, and low tumor mutation burden. At the time of progression, more mutations were found in cohort A, identifying off-target alterations more frequently, including TP53, RAS, and RB1. CONCLUSION EGFR-independent alterations are common among patients with primary resistance to osimertinib and significantly impact PFS and OS. Our results suggest that among Hispanic patients, other variables associated with intrinsic resistance include the number of commutations, high levels AXL mRNA, and low levels of BIM mRNA, T790M de novo, EGFR p.L858R presence, and a high tumoral mutational burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Chamorro
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Cardona
- Direction of Research, Science, and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Calle 168 # 14, 110221, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - July Rodríguez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, Mexico
| | - Darwin A Moreno-Pérez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, Mexico
| | - Dora V Ardila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lucia Viola
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana-FNC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Recondo
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clinicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Blaquier
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clinicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Martín
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Alexander Fleming Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Raez
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute, Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Miami, FL, USA
| | - Suraj Samtani
- Medical Oncology Department, Bradford Hill Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Ordóñez-Reyes
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luis Corrales
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigación y Manejo del Cáncer-CIMCA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mauricio Cuello
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la Republica-UdeLAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Mejía
- Toracic Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, Cancer Institute, Clínica de las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Elvira Jaller
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Vargas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernán Carranza
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Otero
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pilar Archila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maritza Bermudez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Gamez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Predictive Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego de Miguel Perez
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Tisch Cáncer Center, Mount Sinai Hospital System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Helano Freitas
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erick Saldahna
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Tisch Cáncer Center, Mount Sinai Hospital System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)/Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR) Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Isla D, Felip E, Garrido P, Insa A, Majem M, Remon J, Trigo JM, de Castro J. A Delphi consensus panel about clinical management of early-stage EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Spain: a Delphi consensus panel study. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:283-291. [PMID: 36168085 PMCID: PMC9813031 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This Delphi panel study assessed the level of consensus between medical oncologists on the clinical management of patients with early-stage EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A modified two-round Delphi approach was used. A scientific committee comprised of medical oncologists developed an online questionnaire. Delphi panel experts rated their level of agreement with each questionnaire statement on a 9-point Likert scale. The questionnaire included 36 statements from 3 domains (clinical management of early-stage NSCLC: 15 statements; role of adjuvant therapy in early-stage NSCLC: 9 statements; and role of adjuvant therapy in early-stage NSCLC with sensitizing EGFR mutation: 12 statements). RESULTS In round 1, consensus was reached for 24/36 statements (66.7%). Nine statements that did not achieve consensus after the first round were evaluated in round 2, and none of them reached consensus. Overall, 84.4% of the panelists agreed that EGFR mutation testing should be done after surgery. Consensus was not achieved on whether the implementation of EGFR mutation testing in resected early-stage NSCLC could limit the use of adjuvant osimertinib. The panelists recognized the rationale for the use of osimertinib in the adjuvant scenario (88%) and 72% agreed that it may change the treatment paradigm in stage IB-IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Consensus was not reached on the inconvenience of prolonged duration of osimertinib. CONCLUSIONS This Delphi study provides valuable insights into relevant questions in the management of early-stage EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, specific issues remain unresolved. The expert consensus emphasizes the role of adjuvant treatment with osimertinib in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Isla
- Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, IIS Aragón, Saragossa, Spain
| | | | | | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Liu C, Wang Z, Liu Q, Wu G, Chu C, Li L, An L, Duan S. Sensitivity analysis of EGFR L861Q mutation to six tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1975-1985. [PMID: 35666454 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is one of the most common carcinomas with the highest mortality in the world. Non-small cell lung carcinoma has a large proportion of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, of which rare EGFR mutations account for about 10%-20%. Currently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy is a standard treatment for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma with EGFR mutations. To date, the toxicological effects of the EGFR L861Q variant (less than 2%) have been rarely reported, so further investigation of its sensitivity to six first-in-class TKIs is of great clinical interest. METHODS In this study, two EGFR L861Q variants cell lines (EGFR L861Q variant and EGFR L861Q + exon 19 deletion variant) were established by CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology. The steady-state plasma concentrations of six TKIs (gefitinib/erlotinib/icotinib, the first generation; dacomitinib/afatinib, the second generation; and osimertinib, the third generation) were tested, respectively. The change of cell viability, proliferation, cloning ability, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay, EdU staining assay, colony formation assay, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis test. TUNEL and Annexin V / PI staining were used to detect cell apoptosis, and flow cytometry was employed to explore the sensitivity of two variants to six TKIs. RESULTS Our study indicated that the six TKIs inhibited the viability of the two cell lines in a time-dependent manner, and the inhibitory time of six TKIs on proliferation was different between the two cell lines. The proliferation and cloning ability of two cell lines were inhibited by six TKIs. The cytoskeleton morphology, microfilament structure and distribution of the two cell lines were changed by six TKIs. Compared with the control, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased while the apoptosis increased of the two of variants after treatment with the six TKIs, and the associated mechanisms were elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Based on the above results, EGFR L861Q + 19del variant and EGFR L861Q variant showed significant sensitivity to six first-in-class TKIs. Among the six TKIs, the first generation TKIs (gefitinib/erlotinib/icotinib), showed stronger inhibition ability to the EGFR L861Q + 19del variant and EGFR L861Q variant, among which gefitinib showed the strongest inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Guangyao Wu
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Chunhong Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China
| | - Lei An
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China.
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China.
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China.
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Chen Q, Shang X, Liu N, Ma X, Han W, Wang X, Liu Y. Features of patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer benefiting from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931718. [PMID: 35990690 PMCID: PMC9388930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) generally show poor therapeutic efficacy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, certain research indicate that a small proportion of these patients do respond to ICIs. The present study sought to identify the features of patients with EGFR mutations who might benefit from ICIs from multiple studies and discussed the optimal treatment paradigm for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations.MethodsThe profiles of 114 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations who received ICIs treatment were retrospectively reviewed. EGFR subtypes, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and clinical characteristics regarding their impact on the efficacy of ICIs were investigated.ResultsPatients with major EGFR mutations (L858R or 19Del) had a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and a lower objective response rate (ORR) as compared to patients with rare (20ins or G719X) and other EGFR mutations. Although not statistically significant, median overall survival (OS) tended to be longer in patients with negative (<1%) PD-L1 expression than with positive (≥1%) PD-L1 expression (15.61 vs. 7.40 months, p = 0.138). Median PFS and OS were significantly shorter in heavily treated patients (prior lines of therapy ≥3 lines vs. <3 lines: mPFS, 1.80 vs. 2.50 months, p = 0.003; mOS, 6.70 vs. 14.00 months, p = 0.031). ORR was also lower in patients who had received ≥3 prior lines of therapy compared to in those <3 prior lines of therapy (0.00% vs. 21.67%, p = 0.002).ConclusionPatients with major EGFR mutations showed poorer responses to ICIs than those with rare EGFR mutations. EGFR-mutated patients with lower PD-L1 expression showed a trend towards a longer OS after receiving ICIs. ICIs should be administered as early as possible to previously treated EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients. ICI-based combined therapies may be a direction for treatment of these patient subtypes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanguo Liu
- *Correspondence: Xiuwen Wang, ; Yanguo Liu,
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Wang X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Gou S. Platinum(IV) Prodrugs with Cancer Stem Cell Inhibitory Effects on Lung Cancer for Overcoming Drug Resistance. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7933-7945. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yuanjiang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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17
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Titanium(IV) immobilized affinity chromatography facilitated phosphoproteomics analysis of salivary extracellular vesicles for lung cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3697-3708. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Cui Y, Yang M, Zhu J, Zhang H, Duan Z, Wang S, Liao Z, Liu W. Developments in diagnostic applications of saliva in Human Organ Diseases. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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DeNicola GM, Shackelford DB. Metabolic Phenotypes, Dependencies, and Adaptation in Lung Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a037838. [PMID: 34127512 PMCID: PMC8559540 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is subdivided into histopathological subtypes with distinct behaviors. Each subtype is characterized by distinct features and molecular alterations that influence tumor metabolism. Alterations in tumor metabolism can be exploited by imaging modalities that use metabolite tracers for the detection and characterization of tumors. Microenvironmental factors, including nutrient and oxygen availability and the presence of stromal cells, are a critical influence on tumor metabolism. Recent technological advances facilitate the direct evaluation of metabolic alterations in patient tumors in this complex microenvironment. In addition, molecular alterations directly influence tumor cell metabolism and metabolic dependencies that influence response to therapy. Current therapeutic approaches to target tumor metabolism are currently being developed and translated into the clinic for patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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20
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Elevating CDCA3 Levels Enhances Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sensitivity in TKI-Resistant EGFR Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184651. [PMID: 34572879 PMCID: PMC8466783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that harbour sensitising mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, resistance remains a key issue, with tumour relapse likely to occur. We have previously identified that cell division cycle-associated protein 3 (CDCA3) is elevated in adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and correlates with sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. Herein, we explored whether CDCA3 levels were associated with EGFR mutant LUAD and TKI response. We demonstrate that in a small-cohort tissue microarray and in vitro LUAD cell line panel, CDCA3 protein levels are elevated in EGFR mutant NSCLC as a result of increased protein stability downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Here, CDCA3 protein levels correlated with TKI potency, whereby CDCA3high EGFR mutant NSCLC cells were most sensitive. Consistently, ectopic overexpression or inhibition of casein kinase 2 using CX-4945, which pharmacologically prevents CDCA3 degradation, upregulated CDCA3 levels and the response of T790M(+) H1975 cells and two models of acquired resistance to TKIs. Accordingly, it is possible that strategies to upregulate CDCA3 levels, particularly in CDCA3low tumours or upon the emergence of therapy resistance, might improve the response to EGFR TKIs and benefit patients.
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21
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Kulasinghe A, O'Leary C, Monkman J, Bharti V, Irwin D, Dutta S, Richard DJ, Hughes B, Ladwa R, O'Byrne K. The identification of circulating tumour DNA using MassARRAY technology in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2021; 160:73-77. [PMID: 34455214 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attaining tumour material from lung cancer patients can be challenging with limited sample availability. Therefore, non-invasive means of assessing tumour material is becoming increasingly more important. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), extracted from a blood sample is appealing for the patient, and can be performed serially over the course of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we describe an approach for profiling the blood samples of 103 NSCLC patients for 73 variants in ctDNA across a panel of actionable lung cancer mutations using the UltraSEEK lung Panel (Agena Biosciences). RESULTS Our cross-sectional study showed tumour and blood concordance in the detection of KRAS mutations (G12C, G12D, G12A/V, G12R, G12RC, Q61H) in 17/27 (63%), EGFR mutations (e746_a750del, e747_A750, T790M, L861Q) in 16/20 (80%) with additional PIK3CA_p545K mutations across both cohorts. In patients without reported tumour mutations, 11/56 (19.6%) presented with plasma mutations across EGFR, KRAS and PIK3CA. Where ctDNA mutations were measured longitudinally (n = 4 patients), the individual mutations mirrored the response to therapy/progression of disease. CONCLUSION Whilst preliminary, this study demonstrates the utility of detecting clinically actionable mutations in the blood samples of NSCLC patients at the time of presentation, and over the course of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arutha Kulasinghe
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Connor O'Leary
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James Monkman
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Darryl Irwin
- Agena Biosciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sanjay Dutta
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett Hughes
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Zengin T, Önal-Süzek T. Comprehensive Profiling of Genomic and Transcriptomic Differences between Risk Groups of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:154. [PMID: 33672117 PMCID: PMC7926392 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer type and responsible for the highest number of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer which has the highest frequency of lung cancer cases. We aimed to analyze genomic and transcriptomic variations including simple nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number variations (CNVs) and differential expressed genes (DEGs) in order to find key genes and pathways for diagnostic and prognostic prediction for lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. We performed a univariate Cox model and then lasso-regularized Cox model with leave-one-out cross-validation using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) gene expression data in tumor samples. We generated 35- and 33-gene signatures for prognostic risk prediction based on the overall survival time of the patients with LUAD and LUSC, respectively. When we clustered patients into high- and low-risk groups, the survival analysis showed highly significant results with high prediction power for both training and test datasets. Then, we characterized the differences including significant SNVs, CNVs, DEGs, active subnetworks, and the pathways. We described the results for the risk groups and cancer subtypes separately to identify specific genomic alterations between both high-risk groups and cancer subtypes. Both LUAD and LUSC high-risk groups have more downregulated immune pathways and upregulated metabolic pathways. On the other hand, low-risk groups have both up- and downregulated genes on cancer-related pathways. Both LUAD and LUSC have important gene alterations such as CDKN2A and CDKN2B deletions with different frequencies. SOX2 amplification occurs in LUSC and PSMD4 amplification in LUAD. EGFR and KRAS mutations are mutually exclusive in LUAD samples. EGFR, MGA, SMARCA4, ATM, RBM10, and KDM5C genes are mutated only in LUAD but not in LUSC. CDKN2A, PTEN, and HRAS genes are mutated only in LUSC samples. The low-risk groups of both LUAD and LUSC tend to have a higher number of SNVs, CNVs, and DEGs. The signature genes and altered genes have the potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for personalized oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talip Zengin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey;
- Department of Bioinformatics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Önal-Süzek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
- Department of Computer Engineering, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
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23
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Chen CJ, Liu YP. MERTK Inhibition: Potential as a Treatment Strategy in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020130. [PMID: 33562150 PMCID: PMC7915726 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are currently the most effective treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, who carry primary EGFR mutations. However, the patients eventually develop drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs after approximately one year. In addition to the acquisition of the EGFR T790M mutation, the activation of alternative receptor-mediated signaling pathways is a common mechanism for conferring the insensitivity of EGFR-TKI in NSCLC. Upregulation of the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MERTK), which is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-MERTK (TAM) family, is associated with a poor prognosis of many cancers. The binding of specific ligands, such as Gas6 and PROS1, to MERTK activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which are the signaling pathways shared by EGFR. Therefore, the inhibition of MERTK can be considered a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming the resistance of NSCLC to EGFR-targeted agents. Although several small molecules and monoclonal antibodies targeting the TAM family are being developed and have been described to enhance the chemosensitivity and converse the resistance of EGFR-TKI, few have specifically been developed as MERTK inhibitors. The further development and investigation of biomarkers which can accurately predict MERTK activity and the response to MERTK inhibitors and MERTK-specific drugs are vitally important for obtaining appropriate patient stratification and increased benefits in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ju Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101
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Zhong L, Zhang C, Jia W, Zhang P. Diagnostic and therapeutic ERβ, HER2, BRCA biomakers in the histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 51:151700. [PMID: 33465722 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies revealed that non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) frequently express ER, PR, HER2 and carry BRCA mutation. However, these markers in histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma have not been thoroughly investigated. We retrospectively evaluated a total of 640 lung adenocarcinoma samples for ERα, ERβ, PR and HER2 expression by immunohistochemistry and western-blotting, for EGFR and BRCA mutation by real-time PCR and sequencing. Furthermore, HER2 amplification and mutation were explored in samples harboring immunopositivity HER2 using fluorescence in situ hybridization and real-time PCR, respectively. The micropapillary and invasive mucinous predominant adenocarcinoma were frequently detected the higher level of cytoplasmic ERβ (64.9% and 56.6%), HER2 (68.1% and 60.1%) protein expression. But, amplification of HER2 was detected in only three cases (3/110, 2.7%) and 26 HER2 mutations in 110 cases were identified (23.6%) in the HER2 immunopositivity patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that cytoplasmic ERβ (P = 0.032) and HER2 (P = 0.015) expression were independently associated with EGFR mutation. 8 patients (8/640, 1.25%) harbored pathogenic BRCA mutations, 6 with germline BRCA mutations and 2 with somatic BRCA1 mutations were detected with lacking ERβ, PR and HER2 expression. Acinar predominant adenocarcinoma had the higher percentage of BRCA mutations than other subtypes. A systematic examination of ERβ, HER2 and BRCA biomarkers could potentially be useful to diagnosis and identify patients with the histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma, who might benefit from the further individualized treatment of anti-hormone, anti-HER2 and/or PARP inhibitors therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China
| | - Wenting Jia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China
| | - Pengxin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China.
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25
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Single-domain antibodies for radio nuclear imaging and therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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