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Chauhan D, Maity D, Yadav PK, Vishwakarma S, Agarwal A, Chourasia MK, Gayen JR. Enhanced oral bioavailability of levormeloxifene and raloxifene by nanoemulsion: simultaneous bioanalysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1051-1068. [PMID: 38639565 PMCID: PMC11225398 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2024-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim & objective: Levormeloxifene (L-ORM) and raloxifene (RAL) are selective estrogen receptor modulators used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer. Here, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous estimation of both drugs. Materials & methods: A quality-by-design (QbD) approach was used for the optimization of the nanoemulsion, and US FDA guidelines were followed for method validation. Results: Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were used for L-ORM (459.05→98.50), RAL (475.00→112.02) and internal standard (180.10→110.2). Analytes were resolved in a C18 column with 80:20 v/v% acetonitrile (ACN), 0.1% formic acid in triple-distilled water as a mobile phase. The developed method was linear over a concentration range of 1-600 ng/ml. Pharmacokinetic results of free L-ORM-RAL and the L-ORM-RAL nanoemulsion showed Cmax of free L-ORM - 70.65 ± 16.64, free RAL 13.53 ± 2.72, L-ORM nanoemulsion 65.07 ± 14.0 and RAL-nanoemulsion 59.27 ± 17.44 ng/ml. Conclusion: Future findings will contribute to the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer using L-ORM and RAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chauhan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debalina Maity
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pavan K Yadav
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sachin Vishwakarma
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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2
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Matías-Pérez D, Antonio-Estrada C, Guerra-Martínez A, García-Melo KS, Hernández-Bautista E, García-Montalvo IA. Relationship of quercetin intake and oxidative stress in persistent COVID. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1278039. [PMID: 38260057 PMCID: PMC10800910 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matías-Pérez
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Carolina Antonio-Estrada
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Araceli Guerra-Martínez
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Karen Seydel García-Melo
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Emilio Hernández-Bautista
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Iván Antonio García-Montalvo
- Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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3
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Soliman MO, El-Kamel AH, Shehat MG, Bakr BA, El-Moslemany RM. Lactoferrin decorated bilosomes for the oral delivery of quercetin in type 2 diabetes: In vitro and in vivo appraisal. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123551. [PMID: 37884217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite its tremendous potential for type 2 diabetes management, quercetin (QRC) suffers poor gastric stability, poor bioavailability, and extensive first pass metabolism. Drug encapsulation into bilosomes (BSL) has proven enhanced properties in-vitro and in-vivo. Herein, this work endeavoured to evaluate efficacy of QRC-encapsulated bilosomes capped with lactoferrin (LF); a milk protein with antidiabetic potential, for type 2 diabetes oral treatment. The optimized formulation (LF-QRC-BSL) was evaluated in-vitro on α-amylase enzyme inhibition and insulin resistant HepG2 cell model and in vivo on streptozocin/high fat diet induced diabetes in rats. LF-QRC-BSL showed a small size (68.1 nm), a narrow PDI (0.18) and a -25.5 mV zeta potential. A high entrapment efficiency (94 %) with sustained release were also observed. LF-QRC-BSL displayed 100 % permeation through excised diabetic rat intestines after 6 h, 70.2 % inhibition of α-amylase enzyme in-vitro and an augmented recovery of glucose uptake in insulin resistant cells. In diabetic rats, LF-QRC-BSL resulted in significant decrease in blood glucose level, improved lipid profile and tissue injury markers with reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Further, histopathological examination of the kidneys, liver and pancreas revealed an almost restored normal condition comparable to the negative control. Overall, LF-QRC-BSL have proven to be a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai O Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal H El-Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Michael G Shehat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Basant A Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riham M El-Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Ashfaq R, Rasul A, Asghar S, Kovács A, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M. Lipid Nanoparticles: An Effective Tool to Improve the Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15764. [PMID: 37958750 PMCID: PMC10648376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-range bioactive colloidal carrier systems are envisaged to overcome the challenges associated with treatments of numerous diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the extensively investigated drug delivery systems, not only improve pharmacokinetic parameters, transportation, and chemical stability of encapsulated compounds but also provide efficient targeting and reduce the risk of toxicity. Over the last decades, nature-derived polyphenols, vitamins, antioxidants, dietary supplements, and herbs have received more attention due to their remarkable biological and pharmacological health and medical benefits. However, their poor aqueous solubility, compromised stability, insufficient absorption, and accelerated elimination impede research in the nutraceutical sector. Owing to the possibilities offered by various LNPs, their ability to accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules and the availability of various preparation methods suitable for sensitive molecules, loading natural fragile molecules into LNPs offers a promising solution. The primary objective of this work is to explore the synergy between nature and nanotechnology, encompassing a wide range of research aimed at encapsulating natural therapeutic molecules within LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ashfaq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
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5
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Abu Ershaid JM, Vora LK, Volpe-Zanutto F, Sabri AH, Peng K, Anjani QK, McKenna PE, Ripolin A, Larrañeta E, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF. Microneedle array patches for sustained delivery of fluphenazine: A micron scale approach for the management of schizophrenia. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213526. [PMID: 37348183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe chronic mental illness characterised by impaired emotional and cognitive functioning. To treat this condition, antipsychotics are available in limited dosage forms, mainly oral and injectable formulations. Although injectable antipsychotics were designed to enhance adherence, they are invasive, painful and require a healthcare professional to be administered. To overcome such administration issues, extensive research has been focused on developing transdermal antipsychotic formulations. In this work, three microneedle (MN) systems were developed to deliver fluphenazine (FLU) systemically. A decanoic prodrug of FLU called fluphenazine decanoate (FLUD) was used in two of the MN formulations due to its high lipophilicity. FLU-D was loaded into dissolving MNs and nanoemulsion (NE)-loaded MNs. The parent drug FLU was loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-tipped MNs. All MN systems were characterised and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo evaluation of the three developed MN systems showed their ability to deliver FLU into the systemic circulation, as the Cmax of FLU-D dissolving MNs was 36.11 ± 12.37 ng/ml. However, the Cmax of FLU-D NE loaded dissolving MNs was 12.92 ± 6.3 ng/ml and for FLU-PLGA tipped MNs was 21.57 ± 2.45 ng/ml. Compared to an intramuscular (IM) injection of FLU-D in sesame oil, the relative bioavailabilities were 26.96 %, 21.73 % and 42.45 % for FLU-D dissolving MNs, FLU-D NE dissolving MNs and FLU-PLGA tipped MNs, respectively. FLU plasma levels were maintained above the minimum human therapeutic limits for a week. Consequently, these various MN formulations are considered to be a viable options for the transdermal delivery of fluphenazine and its prodrug. The three MN systems developed offer patients a user-friendly, painless, and convenient long-acting delivery method for FLU. Reducing dosing frequency and using less invasive drug administration methods can enhance adherence and foster positive therapeutic outcomes. This study demonstrates the capability and adaptability of MNs technology to transport hydrophobic molecules from the skin to the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhaina M Abu Ershaid
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Pharmacy, Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Fabiana Volpe-Zanutto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R. Cândido Portinari, 200 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-871, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Akmal H Sabri
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ke Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita K Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Peter E McKenna
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Anastasia Ripolin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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6
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Attar ES, Chaudhari VH, Deokar CG, Dyawanapelly S, Devarajan PV. Nano Drug Delivery Strategies for an Oral Bioenhanced Quercetin Formulation. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:495-514. [PMID: 37523008 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been credited with a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties. However, the oral use of quercetin is limited due to its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and rapid plasma clearance. Quercetin has been studied extensively when used with various nanodelivery systems for enhancing quercetin bioavailability. To enhance its oral bioavailability and efficacy, various quercetin-loaded nanosystems such as nanosuspensions, polymer nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, emulsions, liposomes or phytosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and other lipid-based nanoparticles have been investigated in in-vitro cells, in-vivo animal models, and humans. Among the aforementioned nanosystems, quercetin phytosomes are attracting more interest and are available on the market. The present review covers insights into the possibilities of harnessing quercetin for several therapeutic applications and a special focus on anticancer applications and the clinical benefits of nanoquercetin formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha S Attar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Vanashree H Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Chaitanya G Deokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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7
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Campión R, Gonzalez-Navarro CJ, Luisa Martínez López A, Cristina Martínez-Oharriz M, Matías C, Sáiz-Abajo MJ, Collantes M, Peñuelas I, Irache JM. Zein-based nanospheres and nanocapsules for the encapsulation and oral delivery of quercetin. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123216. [PMID: 37423375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of zein nanospheres (NS) and zein nanocapsules containing wheat germ oil (NC) to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of quercetin was evaluated. Both types of nanocarriers had similar physico-chemical properties, including size (between 230 and 250 nm), spherical shape, negative zeta potential, and surface hydrophobicity. However, NS displayed a higher ability than NC to interact with the intestinal epithelium, as evidenced by an oral biodistribution study in rats. Moreover, both types of nanocarriers offered similar loading efficiencies and release profiles in simulated fluids. In C. elegans, the encapsulation of quercetin in nanospheres (Q-NS) was found to be two twice more effective than the free form of quercetin in reducing lipid accumulation. For nanocapsules, the presence of wheat germ oil significantly increased the storage of lipids in C. elegans; although the incorporation of quercetin (Q-NC) significantly counteracted the presence of the oil. Finally, nanoparticles improved the oral absorption of quercetin in Wistar rats, offering a relative oral bioavailability of 26% and 57% for Q-NS and Q-NC, respectively, compared to a 5% for the control formulation. Overall, the study suggests that zein nanocarriers, particularly nanospheres, could be useful in improving the bioavailability and efficacy of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Campión
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos J Gonzalez-Navarro
- Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Luisa Martínez López
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Matías
- National Centre for Food Technology and Safety (CNTA), NA 134, Km. 53. 31570-San Adrián, Navarre, Spain
| | - María-José Sáiz-Abajo
- National Centre for Food Technology and Safety (CNTA), NA 134, Km. 53. 31570-San Adrián, Navarre, Spain
| | - Maria Collantes
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivan Peñuelas
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Translational Molecular Imaging Unit (UNIMTRA), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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8
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Ranjbar S, Emamjomeh A, Sharifi F, Zarepour A, Aghaabbasi K, Dehshahri A, Sepahvand AM, Zarrabi A, Beyzaei H, Zahedi MM, Mohammadinejad R. Lipid-Based Delivery Systems for Flavonoids and Flavonolignans: Liposomes, Nanoemulsions, and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1944. [PMID: 37514130 PMCID: PMC10383758 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal chemicals with a long history in medicine have attracted a lot of attention. Flavonolignans and flavonoids are considered as two classes of the above-mentioned compounds with different functional groups which exhibit several therapeutic capabilities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Based on the studies, high hydrophobic properties of the aforementioned compounds limit their bioavailability inside the human body and restrict their wide application. Nanoscale formulations such as solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and other types of lipid-based delivery systems have been introduced to overcome the above-mentioned challenges. This approach allows the aforementioned hydrophobic therapeutic compounds to be encapsulated between hydrophobic structures, resulting in improving their bioavailability. The above-mentioned enhanced delivery system improves delivery to the targeted sites and reduces the daily required dosage. Lowering the required daily dose improves the performance of the drug by diminishing its side effects on non-targeted tissues. The present study aims to highlight the recent improvements in implementing lipid-based nanocarriers to deliver flavonolignans and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Ranjbar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol 9861335856, Iran
| | - Abbasali Emamjomeh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol 9861335856, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kian Aghaabbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Khalij Fars Highway 5th km of Ghazvin Road, Rasht 4199613776, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadi Sepahvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7148664685, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamid Beyzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 9861335856, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
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9
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Tomou EM, Papakyriakopoulou P, Saitani EM, Valsami G, Pippa N, Skaltsa H. Recent Advances in Nanoformulations for Quercetin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1656. [PMID: 37376104 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonol that has recently received great attention from the research community due to its important pharmacological properties. However, QUE's low solubility and extended first-pass metabolism limit its oral administration. This review aims to present the potential of various nanoformulations in the development of QUE dosage forms for bioavailability enhancement. Advanced drug delivery nanosystems can be used for more efficient encapsulation, targeting, and controlled release of QUE. An overview of the primary nanosystem categories, formulation processes, and characterization techniques are described. In particular, lipid-based nanocarriers, such as liposomes, nanostructured-lipid carries, and solid-lipid nanoparticles, are widely used to improve QUE's oral absorption and targeting, increase its antioxidant activity, and ensure sustained release. Moreover, polymer-based nanocarriers exhibit unique properties for the improvement of the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicology (ADME(T)) profile. Namely, micelles and hydrogels composed of natural or synthetic polymers have been applied in QUE formulations. Furthermore, cyclodextrin, niosomes, and nanoemulsions are proposed as formulation alternatives for administration via different routes. This comprehensive review provides insight into the role of advanced drug delivery nanosystems for the formulation and delivery of QUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Section of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Elmina-Marina Saitani
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Section of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
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10
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Das S, Verma PRP, Sekarbabu V, Mohanty S, Pattnaik AK, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Singh SK. Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Estimation of Quercetin-Loaded Nanoemulsion in Rabbit Plasma: In Vivo- In Silico Pharmacokinetic Analysis Using GastroPlus. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12456-12466. [PMID: 37033804 PMCID: PMC10077531 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed and validated a rapid, specific, sensitive, and reproducible liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying quercetin (QT) in rabbit plasma using hydrochlorothiazide as the internal standard. Animals were orally administered with optimized QT-loaded nanoemulsion (QTNE) and QT suspension (QTS), equivalent to 30 mg/kg, to the test and control group, respectively. The blood samples were collected at pre-determined time points up to 48 h. The linearity range was from 5 to 5000 ng mL-1 with R 2 = 0.995. Further, we analyzed the various pharmacokinetic parameters and established the in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of QTNE using GastroPlus software. The method was successfully developed and validated, and when applied for the determination of QT in rabbit plasma, it exhibited an increase in C max from 122.56 ng mL-1 (QTS) to 286.51 ng mL-1 (QTNE) (2.34-fold) and AUC0-48 from 976 ng h mL-1 (QTS) to 4249 ng h mL-1 (QTNE) (4.35-fold), indicating improved oral bioavailability QT when administered as QTNE. Statistical analysis revealed that the Loo-Riegelman method (two-compartmental method) best fitted the deconvolution approach (R 2 = 0.998, SEP = 4.537, MAE = 2.759, and AIC = 42.38) for establishing the IVIVC. In conclusion, the established bioanalytical method and IVIVC studies revealed that QTNE is a potential carrier for the effective delivery of QT with enhanced oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabya
Sachi Das
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Viswanathan Sekarbabu
- Innospecs
Bioresearch Private Limited, Rajakilpakkam, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satyajit Mohanty
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pattnaik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Biocentre 3, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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11
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Mahadev M, Dubey A, Shetty A. Ultrasonically Fabricated Beta-Carotene Nanoemulsion: Optimization, Characterization and Evaluation of Combinatorial Effect with Quercetin on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020574. [PMID: 36839896 PMCID: PMC9962907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (D.M.) is a metabolic disease that has affected over 500 million people globally. Bioactive compounds such as β-carotene and Quercetin have gained research interest for their potential antidiabetic properties, and bioactives have reported superior combinatorial effects in several ailments, including D.M. However, poor oral bioavailability has limited their potential application. Thus, the present study was focused on developing ultrasonically fabricated β-Carotene nanoemulsion (βC-NE) by employing capmul as the oil phase, Gelucire 44/14 as surfactant and Acconon MCM C8 as co-surfactant. The 3 factor- 3 level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimise the βC-NE and study the impact of selected independent variables such as % Smix (5 to 9%), amplitude (20-30%) and sonication time (2.5-7.5 min) on responses including globule size (G.S.), poly dispersibility Index (PDI) and entrapment efficiency (E.E.). Further, the combinatorial effect of βC-NE with Quercetin Nanoemulsion (QU-NE) in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model was evaluated. The results exhibited that 7% Smix at 25% amplitude for 5 min produced βC-NE with a droplet size of 153.1 ± 12.25 nm, 0.200 ± 0.04 PDI, and 73.25 ± 3.25% E.E. The βC-NE showed superior in-vivo bioavailability by 5.38 folds. The βC-NE, combined with QU-NE, exhibited potential therapeutic benefits in controlling body weight, blood sugar level, lipid levels, and tissue damage markers. Additionally, the pancreatic cells and hepatic cells were well protected. These results demonstrate the potential benefits of βC-NE and QU-NE in combination and recommend them as a substitute strategy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Mahadev
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS AHER, Mysuru 570015, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-81054-94968
| | - Akhilesh Dubey
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Amitha Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
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12
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Mahmoud KY, Elhesaisy NA, Rashed AR, Mikhael ES, Fadl MI, Elsadek MS, Mohamed MA, Mostafa MA, Hassan MA, Halema OM, Elnemer YH, Swidan SA. Exploring the potential of intranasally administered naturally occurring quercetin loaded into polymeric nanocapsules as a novel platform for the treatment of anxiety. Sci Rep 2023; 13:510. [PMID: 36627363 PMCID: PMC9831377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most prevalent forms of psychopathology that affects millions worldwide. It gained more importance under the pandemic status that resulted in higher anxiety prevalence. Anxiolytic drugs such as benzodiazepines have an unfavorable risk/benefit ratio resulting in a shift toward active ingredients with better safety profile such as the naturally occurring quercetin (QRC). The delivery of QRC is hampered by its low water solubility and low bioavailability. The potential to enhance QRC delivery to the brain utilizing polymeric nanocapsules administered intranasally is investigated in the current study. Polymeric nanocapsules were prepared utilizing the nanoprecipitation technique. The best formula displayed a particle size of 227.8 ± 11.9 nm, polydispersity index of 0.466 ± 0.023, zeta potential of - 17.5 ± 0.01 mV, and encapsulation efficiency % of 92.5 ± 1.9%. In vitro release of QRC loaded polymeric nanocapsules exhibited a biphasic release with an initial burst release followed by a sustained release pattern. Behavioral testing demonstrated the superiority of QRC loaded polymeric nanocapsules administered intranasally compared to QRC dispersion administered both orally and intranasally. The prepared QRC loaded polymeric nanocapsules also demonstrated good safety profile with high tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Y. Mahmoud
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Nahla A. Elhesaisy
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman R. Rashed
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ebram S. Mikhael
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I. Fadl
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S. Elsadek
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Merna A. Mohamed
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Merna A. Mostafa
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hassan
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Omar M. Halema
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Youssef H. Elnemer
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
| | - Shady A. Swidan
- grid.440862.c0000 0004 0377 5514Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837 Cairo Egypt
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13
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Jan Y, Al-Keridis LA, Malik M, Haq A, Ahmad S, Kaur J, Adnan M, Alshammari N, Ashraf SA, Panda BP. Preparation, modelling, characterization and release profile of vitamin D3 nanoemulsion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Designing covalent sodium caseinate-quercetin complexes to improve emulsifying properties and oxidative stability. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Michala AS, Pritsa A. Quercetin: A Molecule of Great Biochemical and Clinical Value and Its Beneficial Effect on Diabetes and Cancer. Diseases 2022; 10:37. [PMID: 35892731 PMCID: PMC9326669 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin belongs to the broader category of polyphenols. It is found, in particular, among the flavonols, and along with kaempferol, myricetin and isorhamnetin, it is recognized as a foreign substance after ingestion in contrast to vitamins. Quercetin occurs mainly linked to sugars with the most common compounds being quercetin-3-O-glucoside or as an aglycone, especially in the plant population. The aim of this review is to present a recent bibliography on the mechanisms of quercetin absorption and metabolism, bioavailability, and antioxidant and the clinical effects in diabetes and cancer. The literature reports a positive effect of quercetin on oxidative stress, cancer, and the regulation of blood sugar levels. Moreover, research-administered drug dosages of up to 2000 mg per day showed mild to no symptoms of overdose. It should be noted that quercetin is no longer considered a carcinogenic substance. The daily intake of quercetin in the diet ranges 10 mg-500 mg, depending on the type of products consumed. This review highlights that quercetin is a valuable dietary antioxidant, although a specific daily recommended intake for this substance has not yet been determined and further studies are required to decide a beneficial concentration threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agathi Pritsa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University (IHU), P.O. 141 Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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16
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Protective Effects of Diets Rich in Polyphenols in Cigarette Smoke (CS)-Induced Oxidative Damages and Associated Health Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071217. [PMID: 35883708 PMCID: PMC9311530 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been responsible for causing many life-threatening diseases such as pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases as well as lung cancer. One of the prominent health implications of cigarette smoking is the oxidative damage of cellular constituents, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. The oxidative damage is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS, oxidants) present in the aqueous extract of cigarette smoke (CS). In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the potential health benefits of dietary polyphenols as natural antioxidant molecules. Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that long-term consumption of diets (fruits, vegetables, tea, and coffee) rich in polyphenols offer protective effects against the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, green tea has chemopreventive effects against CI-induced lung cancer. Tea might prevent CS-induced oxidative damages in diseases because tea polyphenols, such as catechin, EGCG, etc., have strong antioxidant properties. Moreover, apple polyphenols, including catechin and quercetin, provide protection against CS-induced acute lung injury such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In CS-induced health problems, the antioxidant action is often accompanied by the anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenols. In this narrative review, the CS-induced oxidative damages and the associated health implications/pathological conditions (or diseases) and the role of diets rich in polyphenols and/or dietary polyphenolic compounds against various serious/chronic conditions of human health have been delineated.
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17
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Sethuram L, Thomas J, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. A review on contemporary nanomaterial-based therapeutics for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) with special reference to the Indian scenario. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2367-2398. [PMID: 36134136 PMCID: PMC9418054 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a predominant chronic metabolic syndrome, resulting in various complications and high mortality associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Approximately 15-30% of diabetic patients suffer from DFUs, which is expected to increase annually. The major challenges in treating DFUs are associated with wound infections, alterations to inflammatory responses, angiogenesis and lack of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Furthermore, the lack of targeted therapy and efficient wound dressings for diabetic wounds often results in extended hospitalization and limb amputations. Hence, it is essential to develop and improve DFU-specific therapies. Nanomaterial-based innovative approaches have tremendous potential for preventing and treating wound infections of bacterial origin. They have greater benefits compared to traditional wound dressing approaches. In this approach, the physiochemical features of nanomaterials allow researchers to employ different methods for diabetic wound healing applications. In this review, the status and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and amputations due to DFUs in India, the pathophysiology of DFUs and their complications are discussed. Additionally, nanomaterial-based approaches such as the use of nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, nanoliposomes and nanofibers for the treatment of DFUs are studied. Besides, emerging therapeutics such as bioengineered skin substitutes and nanomaterial-based innovative approaches such as antibacterial hyperthermia therapy and gene therapy for the treatment of DFUs are highlighted. The present nanomaterial-based techniques provide a strong base for future therapeutic approaches for skin regeneration strategies in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshimipriya Sethuram
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamilnadu India +91 416 2243092 +91 416 2202624
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamilnadu India +91 416 2243092 +91 416 2202624
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamilnadu India +91 416 2243092 +91 416 2202624
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamilnadu India +91 416 2243092 +91 416 2202624
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18
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Weerapol Y, Manmuan S, Chaothanaphat N, Okonogi S, Limmatvapirat C, Limmatvapirat S, Tubtimsri S. Impact of Fixed Oil on Ostwald Ripening of Anti-Oral Cancer Nanoemulsions Loaded with Amomum kravanh Essential Oil. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:938. [PMID: 35631524 PMCID: PMC9146979 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, essential oil from Amomum kravanh (AMO) was reported to exert anti-oral cancer effects. Although it was more effective after being loaded into nanoemulsions, AMO without an Ostwald ripening inhibitor was unable to form stable nanoemulsions because of the Ostwald ripening phenomenon. In this study, we examined the influence of Ostwald ripening inhibitors, such as fixed oils and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), on nanoemulsion properties prepared by a phase inversion temperature method. Several fixed oils, including virgin coconut oil (VCO), palm oil (PMO), olive oil (OLO), and PEG 4000, were evaluated, and their Ostwald ripening inhibitory effects were compared. The results suggest that the type and ratio of AMO:fixed oils influence the formation and characteristics of nanoemulsions. PEG 4000 was unable to produce nanoemulsions; however, stable nanoemulsions with small droplet sizes were observed in preparations containing OLO and VCO at an AMO:fixed oil ratio of 80:20, which may be the result of specific molecular interactions among the components. Using an MTT assay, we demonstrated that the AMO:OLO (80:20) nanoemulsion produced the most significant cytotoxic effect on oral cancer cells with a percentage of 99.68 ± 0.56%. Furthermore, the AMO:OLO 80:20 nanoemulsion inhibits metastasis and induces oral cancer cell death through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In conclusion, AMO nanoemulsion with anti-oral cancer activity was successfully produced by varying the amount and type of fixed oils. In the future, this discovery may lead to the development of stable nanoemulsions employing additional volatile oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotsanan Weerapol
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (Y.W.); (S.M.); (N.C.)
| | - Suwisit Manmuan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (Y.W.); (S.M.); (N.C.)
| | - Nattaya Chaothanaphat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (Y.W.); (S.M.); (N.C.)
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chutima Limmatvapirat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Sontaya Limmatvapirat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Sukannika Tubtimsri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (Y.W.); (S.M.); (N.C.)
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19
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Health Benefits of Quercetin in Age-Related Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082498. [PMID: 35458696 PMCID: PMC9032170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the known group of phytochemicals that essentially consists of phenolic rings. These are the plant product present in varied fruits and vegetables. These secondary metabolites perform a protective function in plants from environmental and biological stress. When consumed as a human diet these are also known to prevent various age-associated diseases. Polyphenols are known to possess antioxidant properties and protect against oxidative stress. The literature survey was carried out using databases such as PubMed, Science direct and Springer. The research articles from last 10–12 years were selected for this review based on its relevancy with the topic. The articles selected was mainly focused on quercetin and its health benefits. The present review highlights the main functions of a flavonoid, quercetin. Quercetin is among the widely occurring polyphenol, found abundantly in nature. It is commonly present in different plant products. Onion is known to have the highest quantity of quercetin. This plant compound is possessed antioxidant properties and is considered to have a protective function against aging. It is known to be present in both free and conjugated forms. Quercetin has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-viral properties. The molecule is lipophilic and can easily cross the BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) and hence protects from neurodegenerative diseases. Various in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the role of quercetin and here a detailed review of quercetin as a curative agent in neurodegeneration, diabetes, cancer, and inflammation has been carried out. Studies have proved that quercetin plays a crucial role in the prevention of age-related disorders. Quercetin is a potent antioxidant which is currently being used in various pharmaceuticals. Properties of quercetin can be further explored in various other disorders. Nanoformulations and liposomal formulations of quercetin can be made to treat other age associated diseases.
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