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Li F, Xie W, Ding X, Xu K, Fu X. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the genus Tamarix: a comprehensive review. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:410-441. [PMID: 38750332 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The genus Tamarix in the Tamaricaceae family consists of more than 100 species of halophyte plants worldwide that are mainly used to improve saline-alkali land and for coastal windbreaks, sand fixation, and afforestation in arid areas. A considerable number of species in this genus are also used as traditional medicines to treat various human diseases, especially in Asian and African countries. This review presents a comprehensive summary of 655 naturally occurring compounds derived from the genus Tamarix, categorized into flavonoids (18.0%), phenols (13.9%), tannins (9.3%), terpenoids (10.5%), essential oils (31.0%), and others (17.3%). The investigation revealed that the crude extracts and phytochemicals of this genus exhibited significant therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Six species of Tamarix have anticancer effects by causing cancer cell death, inducing autophagy, and stopping cell division. Seven species from the same genus have the potential for treating diabetes by inhibiting α-glycosidase activity, suppressing human islet amyloid polypeptide, regulating blood glucose levels, and modulating autophagy or inflammation. The focus on antibacterial and antidiabetic effects is due to the presence of volatile oil and flavonoid components. Extensive research has been conducted on the biological activity of 30 constituents, including 15 flavonoids, 5 phenols, 3 terpenoids, 1 tannin, and 6 others. Therefore, future research should thoroughly study the mechanisms of action of these and similar compounds. This is the most comprehensive review of the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Tamarix species, with a critical assessment of the current state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Li
- Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, The SATCM's Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao, 266114, China
| | - Wenli Xie
- Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, The SATCM's Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao, 266114, China
| | - Xianrui Ding
- Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, The SATCM's Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao, 266114, China
| | - Kuo Xu
- Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, The SATCM's Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao, 266114, China.
- Chun'an First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 311700, China.
| | - Xianjun Fu
- Research Institute for Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, The SATCM's Key Unit of Discovering and Developing New Marine TCM Drugs, Key Laboratory of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Universities, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Research in Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Key Technology Innovation Center of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine's Deep Development and Industrialization, Qingdao, 266114, China.
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Lima K, Malmir M, Camões SP, Hasan K, Gomes S, Moreira da Silva I, Figueira ME, Miranda JP, Serrano R, Duarte MP, Silva O. Quality, Safety and Biological Studies on Campylanthus glaber Aerial Parts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1373. [PMID: 37895844 PMCID: PMC10610246 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Cabo Verde, several endemic species are used in traditional medicine. However, no scientific studies have been conducted on the quality, efficacy, and safety of most of these plants. This study focused on establishing the botanical and chemical identification parameters required for a quality monograph of Campylanthus glaber Benth. aerial parts, a medicinal plant of Cabo Verde traditionally used to treat fever and muscular pain. In addition, in vitro antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity were assessed for this medicinal plant. Optical microscopy, LC/UV-DAD-ESI/MS, and colorimetric assays were used for botanical, chemical, and biological studies, respectively. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay with HepG2 cells, and genotoxicity by the Ames test. Microscopically, the xeromorphic leaf of C. glaber presents a thick cuticle (13.6-25.5 µm), thick-walled epidermal cells, anomocytic-type stomata, glandular trichomes (stalk length = 49.4-120.8 µm), and idioblasts containing calcium oxalate microcrystals. The chemical screening of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of this medicinal plant revealed the presence of organic acids, iridoids, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids as the main classes of marker compounds, with malic acid, citric acid, and verbascoside being the main marker compounds identified. Both extracts showed similar LC/UV-DAD/ESI-MS qualitative profiles and DPPH radical scavenger activity (IC50 = 130.9 ± 1.4; 134.3 ± 3.1 µg/mL). The hydroethanolic extract inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. Both extracts showed no cytotoxicity (up to 1000 µg/mL) by the MTT assay and no genotoxic potential with or without metabolic activation up to 5 mg /plate. The results obtained are an important contribution to the monographic quality assessment of C. glaber aerial parts and suggest that this medicinal plant may be safe and potentially used as an herbal drug raw material for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelene Lima
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Maryam Malmir
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Sérgio P. Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Kamrul Hasan
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Samuel Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário (INIDA), São Jorge dos Orgãos, Santiago CP 84, Cabo Verde;
| | - Isabel Moreira da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Eduardo Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Joana P. Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rita Serrano
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Paula Duarte
- The Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center (MEtRICs), Nova School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Olga Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.L.); (M.M.); (S.P.C.); (K.H.); (I.M.d.S.); (M.E.F.); (J.P.M.); (R.S.)
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Romeiras MM, Essoh AP, Catarino S, Silva J, Lima K, Varela E, Moura M, Gomes I, Duarte MC, Duarte MP. Diversity and biological activities of medicinal plants of Santiago island (Cabo Verde). Heliyon 2023; 9:e14651. [PMID: 37009246 PMCID: PMC10060590 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants continue to constitute key elements of medical practice in West African countries. The Cabo Verde archipelago hosts a great diversity of medicinal plants and local markets are considered important sites for trading plants harvested by rural communities. This study has two main goals: (i) to assess the medicinal uses of native species in Santiago, the biggest island of the archipelago, and (ii) to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic/antihyperglycemic activities of two native trees (Tamarix senegalensis and Sideroxylon marginatum) used in traditional medicine and traded in local markets. Our results revealed that on Santiago Island, 24 native plants are used in traditional medicine. The main uses of these species (e.g., forage, timber, food and fibres), their medicinal applications, the plant parts used, their mode of administration and conservation status are presented here for the first time. Moreover, the pharmacological characterization of two native tree species revealed that hydroethanolic extracts were richer in phenolic compounds and more active than their aqueous counterparts. All the studied extracts revealed significant antioxidant properties (DPPH and FRAP assays) and were generally moderately active against Gram-positive bacteria. All the extracts inhibited the activities of the carbohydrate digestive enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner. For α-glucosidase, the detected inhibitory activity (IC50 values from 2.0 ± 0.2 μg/mL to 9.9 ± 1.2 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that of acarbose, suggesting that extracts of both species can delay glucose absorption, thereby assisting in slowing down the progression of diabetes. Our findings highlight the crucial importance that medicinal plants have for the Cabo Verdean population, while also raising awareness on the need for sustainable use and conservation of native flora, and of tree species traded in local markets in particular.
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Essoh AP, Cassiano GC, Mandim F, Barros L, Gomes I, Medeiros MM, Moura M, Cravo PVL, Romeiras MM. Antimalarial and Cytotoxic Activity of Native Plants Used in Cabo Verde Traditional Medicine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 36840311 PMCID: PMC9964634 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have historically been a source of drugs in multiple applications, including the treatment of malaria infections. The Cabo Verde archipelago harbors a rich diversity of native plants, most of which are used for medicinal purposes. The present study investigated the in vitro antiplasmodial activities of four native plants from Cabo Verde (i.e., Artemisia gorgonum, Lavandula rotundifolia, Sideroxylon marginatum, and Tamarix senegalensis). Traditional preparations of these medicinal plants, namely aqueous extracts (infusions) and ethanolic extracts, were tested against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains using the SYBR Green detection method. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in Caco-2 and PLP2 cells using a sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. An ethanolic extract of A. gorgonum and infusions of T. senegalensis exhibited high antiplasmodial activities (EC50 < 5 μg/mL) without cytotoxicity (GI50 > 400 μg/mL). Extracts of L. rotundifolia and S. marginatum exhibited moderate activities, with EC50 values ranging from 10-30 μg/mL. The A. gorgonum ethanolic extract showed activity toward early ring stages, and parasites treated with the T. senegalensis infusions progressed to the early trophozoite stage, although did not develop further to the late trophozoite or schizont stages. Antimalarial activities and the lack of cytotoxicity of the extracts are reported in the present study and support previous claims by traditional practitioners for the use of these plants against malaria while suggesting their ethnopharmacological usefulness as future antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyse P. Essoh
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF Joint Office of Cabo Verde-Energy, Environment and Climate Change Portfolio, Ed. Nações Unidas, Achada Santo António, Praia P.O. Box 62, Cape Verde
| | - Gustavo Capatti Cassiano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isildo Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário (INIDA), São Jorge dos Órgãos, Santiago CP 84, Cape Verde
| | - Márcia Melo Medeiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica Moura
- Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO), InBIO Associate Laboratory, Pole of Azores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vitor Lemos Cravo
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Romeiras
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Commelina erecta: An Edible Wild Plant Consumed in Brazil. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010192. [PMID: 36613411 PMCID: PMC9818490 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in products of natural origin has boosted the exploitation and use of plants as food and sources of bioactive compounds, especially wild plants widely used in different cultures for several purposes. Commelina erecta is a wild edible plant (WEP) traditionally used as food and medicine, about which few studies exist. Thus, this study aimed at enhancing the knowledge about its nutritional, chemical and bioactive profile, considering different plant parts and development stages, in order to increase its inclusion in the diet of South American communities. The nutritional profile was found to be similar to other WEP frequently consumed in Brazil. Thirteen phenolic compounds (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) were tentatively identified, with apigenin, luteolin and quercetin derivatives being the most abundant. Fructose and oxalic acid were the major sugar and organic acid, respectively, in the aerial parts of C. erecta, and four isoforms of tocopherols were also identified. Regarding the plant's antioxidant activity, the EC50 values varied between 18.4 and 1060 µg/mL in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay (TBARS) and between 53 and 115 µg/mL in the oxidative haemolysis inhibition (OxHLIA) assay. The hydroethanolic extract obtained from stems at the flowering stage also presented anti-inflammatory activity. In general, all the extracts evidenced promising antimicrobial activity. Altogether, these results reinforce the traditional use of this plant species as food and medicine to support the diet of needier populations and also promote food sovereignty and sustainability.
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Rodrigues MJ, Custódio L, Mecha D, Zengin G, Cziáky Z, Sotkó G, Pereira CG. Nutritional and Phyto-Therapeutic Value of the Halophyte Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.): A Special Focus on Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2910. [PMID: 36365362 PMCID: PMC9657221 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work searched for the phyto-therapeutic potential and nutritional value of seeds from the halophyte Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.), aiming at its use as a source of bioactive ingredients for the food industry. Hence, the nutritional profile, including minerals, of seeds biomass was determined; food-grade samples were prepared, and their phytochemical fingerprinting assessed. Extracts were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant potential, inhibitory capacity towards enzymes related to neuroprotection, diabetes, and hyperpigmentation, and anti-inflammatory properties, along with a toxicological assessment. Sawgrass seeds can be considered a proper nutritional source with a good supply of minerals. All extracts had a high level of total phenolics (65.3−394.4 mg GAE/g DW) and showed a chemically rich and diverse profile of metabolites that have several biological properties described (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory). Extracts had no significant toxicity (cell viabilities > 80%) and were overall strong antioxidants (particularly at radical scavenging and reducing iron), effective tyrosinase inhibitors (55−71 mg KAE/g DW), showed anti-inflammatory properties (30−60% NO decrease), and had moderate capacity to inhibit enzymes related to neuroprotection (AChE 3.7−4.2, BChE 4.3−6.0 mg GALE/g DW) and diabetes (α-glucosidase 1.0−1.1, α-amylase 0.8−1.1 mmol ACAE/g). Altogether, results suggest that sawgrass seeds have the potential to be exploited as a new food product and are a reservoir of bioactive molecules with prospective applications as ingredients for value-added, functional, and/or preservative food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Débora Mecha
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Gyula Sotkó
- Sotiva Seed Ltd., 4440 Tiszavasvári, Hungary
| | - Catarina Guerreiro Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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