Biologically Potent Benzimidazole-Based-Substituted Benzaldehyde Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease along with Molecular Docking Study

Facile benzothiazole-triazole based thiazole derivatives as novel thymidine phosphorylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors: Experimental and computational approaches

The present study reports the new thiazole (A-L) derivatives based on benzothiazole fused triazole which were synthesized and assessed against thymidine phosphorylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Several compounds with the same basic structure but different substituents were found to have high activity against the targeted enzymes, while others with the same basic skeleton but different substituents were found to have medium to low activity among the members of tested series. These analogs showed a varied range of inhibition in both case thymidine phosphorylase and alpha glucosidase, A (IC50 = 7.20 ± 0.30 µM and IC50 = 1.30 ± 0.70 µM), B (IC50 = 8.80 ± 0.10 µM and IC50 = 2.10 ± 0.30 µM), C (IC50 = 8.90 ± 0.40 µM and IC50 = 3.20 ± 0.20 µM) and thiazole containing analogs such as G (IC50 = 11.10 ± 0.20 µM and IC50 = 7.80 ± 0.20 µM) and H (IC50 = 12.30 ± 0.30 µM and IC50 = 6.30 ± 0.20 µM). When compared with standard drugs 7-Deazaxanthine, 7DX (IC50 = 10.60 ± 0.50 µM) and acarbose (IC50 = 4.30 ± 0.30 µM) respectively. These analogs were also subjected to molecular docking studies which indicated the binding interaction of molecules with active sites of the enzyme and strengthen the drug profile of these compounds. ADMET studies also predict the drug-like properties of these compounds, with no violations of drug likeness rules.

Benzimidazole and Benzoxazole Derivatives Against Alzheimer's Disease

Benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives are included in the category of medical drugs in a wide range of areas such as anticancer, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, anti- inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulators, proton pump inhibitors, hormone modulators, etc. Many researchers have focused on synthesizing more effective benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives for screening various biological activities. In addition, there are benzimidazole and benzoxazole rings as bioisosteres of aromatic rings found in drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Because of the diverse activity of the benzimidazole and benzoxazole rings and bioisosteres marketed as drugs for Alzheimer Diseases, designed compounds containing these rings are likely to be effective against Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the effectiveness of compounds containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole rings against Alzheimer's disease will be examined.

Synthesis, in vitro bio-evaluation and in silico molecular docking studies of thiadiazole-based Schiff base derivatives

Aim: Recently, thiadiazole-containing drugs have gained greater clinical relevance and are being explored for the development of new antidiabetic, antiurease and antimicrobial agents that target drug resistance. Methods & results: The authors disclose the synthesis of N-(5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methanimine derivatives starting from 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid. All of the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their biological potential in order to investigate the inhibitory activity against antidiabetic, antiurease and antibacterial profiles. Compounds 1, 2 and 9 showed excellent inhibitory activities due to the hydrogen bonding presence of -OH, -F and -CF3 substitutions attached with the phenyl ring. Conclusion: The present study provides potent antidiabetic, antiurease and antimicrobial agents that can be further optimized to discover novel antidiabetic, antiurease drugs.

Investigation of novel bis-thiadiazole bearing schiff base derivatives as effective inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase: Synthesis, in vitro bioactivity and molecular docking study

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is an angiogenic enzyme. It is crucial for the development, invasion and metastasis of tumors as well as angiogenesis. In our current research, we examine how structurally changing bis-thiadiazole bearing bis-schiff bases affects their ability to inhibit TP. Through the oxidative cyclization of pyridine-based bis-thiosemicarbazone with iodine, a series of fourteen analogs of bis-thiadiazole-based bis-imines with pyridine moiety were developed. Newly synthesized scaffolds were assessed in vitro for their thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potential and showed moderate to good inhibition profile. Eleven scaffolds such as 4a-4d,4f-4 h and 4j-4 m were discovered to be more effective than standard drug at inhibiting the thymidine phosphorylase enzyme with IC50 values of 1.16 ± 1.20, 1.77 ± 1.10, 2.48 ± 1.30, 12.54 ± 1.60, 14.63 ± 1.70, 15.53 ± 1.80, 17.47 ± 1.70, 18.98 ± 1.70, 19.53 ± 1.50, 22.73 ± 2.40 and 24.87 ± 2.80 respectively, while remaining three analogs such as 4n, 4i and 4ewere found to be more potent, but they were less potent than the standard drug. All analogs underwent SAR studies based on the pattern of substitutions around the aryl part of the bis-thiadiazole skeleton. The most active analogs in the synthesized series were then molecular docking study performed to investigate their interactions of active part of enzyme. The results showed that remarkable interactions were exhibited by these analogs with the targeted enzymes active sites. Furthermore, to confirm the structure of synthesized analogs by employing spectroscopic tools such as HREI-MS and NMR.

Benzimidazole-Based Schiff Base Hybrid Scaffolds: A Promising Approach to Develop Multi-Target Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease

A series of benzimidazole-based Schiff base derivatives (1-18) were synthesized and structurally elucidated through 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HREI-MS analysis. Subsequently, these synthetic derivatives were subjected to evaluation for their inhibitory capabilities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). All these derivatives showed significant inhibition against AChE with an IC50 value in the range of 123.9 ± 10.20 to 342.60 ± 10.60 µM and BuChE in the range of 131.30 ± 9.70 to 375.80 ± 12.80 µM in comparison with standard Donepezil, which has IC50 values of 243.76 ± 5.70 µM (AChE) and 276.60 ± 6.50 µM (BuChE), respectively. Compounds 3, 5 and 9 exhibited potent inhibition against both AChE and BuChE. Molecular docking studies were used to validate and establish the structure-activity relationship of the synthesized derivatives.