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Li YJ, Shi JR, Li SC, Wang LM, Dhar R, Li N, Cao XW, Li ZG, Tang HF. Phosphodiesterase type 10A inhibitor attenuates lung fibrosis by targeting myofibroblast activation. iScience 2023; 26:106586. [PMID: 37138780 PMCID: PMC10149334 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal and irreversible respiratory disease accompanied by excessive fibroblast activation. Previous studies have suggested that cAMP signaling pathway and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway are continuously down-regulated in lung fibrosis, whereas PDE10A has a specifically expression in fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of PDE10A induces myofibroblast differentiation, and papaverine, as a PDE10A inhibitor used for vasodilation, inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in human fibroblasts, Meanwhile, papaverine alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and amiodarone-induced oxidative stress, papaverine downregulated VASP/β-catenin pathway to reduce the myofibroblast differentiation. Our results first demonstrated that papaverine inhibits TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis by VASP/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jian-Rong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shu-Chan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lu-Ming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Rana Dhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin-Wei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zi-Gang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hui-Fang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Corresponding author
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2
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Pijeira MSO, Dos Santos SN, Araujo YB, Lapolli AL, Wandermuren MN, Riera ZR, Carvalho I, Elsinga PH, Bernardes ES. A closer look at the synthesis of 2-[ 18F]fluoroethyl tosylate to minimize the formation of volatile side-products. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:26. [PMID: 36201072 PMCID: PMC9537402 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-[18F]Fluoroethyltosylate ([18F]FEtOTs) is a well-known 18F-fluoroalkylating agent widely used to synthesize radiotracers for positron emission tomography. The widespread use of [18F]FEtOTs is due in part to its low volatility when compared to other halide and sulfonate building blocks. In this work, the radioactive volatile side-products formed during the synthesis of [18F]FEtOTs were identified and characterized for the first time, and an optimization of the reaction conditions to minimize their formation was proposed. RESULTS In order to characterize the volatiles produced during [18F]FEtOTs synthesis, the reaction mixtures of both cold FEtOTs and [18F]FEtOTs were co-injected onto the HPLC system. The radioactive peaks corresponding to the volatile compounds were collected, analyzed through headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry sampler (HS-GC-MS) and identified as vinyl fluoride ([19F]VF) and 2-fluoroethanol ([19F]FEOH). By using a rotatable central composite design with a two-level full factorial core of two factors (22), it was determined that temperature and time are independent variables which affect the generation of [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs. In addition, in order to reduce the formation of the volatiles ([18F]VF and [18F]FEOH) and increase the yield of [18F]FEtOTs, it was demonstrated that the molar ratio of base to precursor must also be considered. CONCLUSION [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH are volatile side-products formed during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs, whose yields depend on the reaction time, temperature, and the molar ratio of base to precursor. Therefore, special care should be taken during the radiosynthesis and subsequent reactions using [18F]FEOTs in order to avoid environmental contamination and to improve the yield of the desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Nascimento Dos Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil.,Radiotarget Biotecnologia Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasniel Babi Araujo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lapolli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Zalua Rodríguez Riera
- Departamento de Radioquímica, Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas (InSTEC), Universidad de La Habana, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Emerson Soares Bernardes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
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3
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Sun J, Xiao Z, Haider A, Gebhard C, Xu H, Luo HB, Zhang HT, Josephson L, Wang L, Liang SH. Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase-Targeted PET Imaging and Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7083-7109. [PMID: 34042442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) control the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP in virtually all mammalian cells. Accordingly, the PDE family regulates a myriad of physiological functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, gene expression, central nervous system function, and muscle contraction. Along this line, dysfunction of PDEs has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, coronary artery diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer development. To date, 11 PDE families have been identified; however, their distinct roles in the various pathologies are largely unexplored and subject to contemporary research efforts. Indeed, there is growing interest for the development of isoform-selective PDE inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. Similarly, the evolving knowledge on the various PDE isoforms has channeled the identification of new PET probes, allowing isoform-selective imaging. This review highlights recent advances in PDE-targeted PET tracer development, thereby focusing on efforts to assess disease-related PDE pathophysiology and to support isoform-selective drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Sun
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich 8006, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Hao Xu
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience, Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, and Physiology & Pharmacology, the Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lee Josephson
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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4
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Peng T, Gong J, Jin Y, Zhou Y, Tong R, Wei X, Bai L, Shi J. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase as cancer therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:742-756. [PMID: 29574203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which is involved in many physiological processes including visual transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell-cycle regulation, gene expression, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic function. PDEs are composed of 11 different families and each family contains different subtypes. The distribution, expression, regulation mode and sensitivity to inhibitors of each subtype are different, and they are involved in cancer, inflammation, asthma, depression, erectile dysfunction and other pathological processes of development. A large number of studies have shown that PDEs play an important role in the development of tumors by affecting the intracellular level of cAMP and/or cGMP and PDEs could become diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets. This review will give a brief overview of the expression and regulation of PDE families in the process of tumorigenesis and their anti-tumor inhibitors, which may guide the design of novel therapeutic drugs targeting PDEs for anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yongzhe Jin
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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5
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van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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6
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Wagner S, Teodoro R, Deuther-Conrad W, Kranz M, Scheunemann M, Fischer S, Wenzel B, Egerland U, Hoefgen N, Steinbach J, Brust P. Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of the new PDE10A radioligand [ 18 F]AQ28A. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 60:36-48. [PMID: 27896836 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) regulates the level of the second messengers cAMP and cGMP in particular in brain regions assumed to be associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. A better understanding of the pathophysiological role of the expression of PDE10A could be obtained by quantitative imaging of the enzyme by positron emission tomography (PET). Thus, in this study we developed, radiolabeled, and evaluated a new PDE10A radioligand, 8-bromo-1-(6-[18 F]fluoropyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dimethylimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline ([18 F]AQ28A). [18 F]AQ28A was radiolabeled by both nucleophilic bromo-to-fluoro or nitro-to-fluoro exchange using K[18 F]F-K2.2.2 -carbonate complex with different yields. Using the superior nitro precursor, we developed an automated synthesis on a Tracerlab FX F-N module and obtained [18 F]AQ28A with high radiochemical yields (33 ± 6%) and specific activities (96-145 GBq·μmol-1 ) for further evaluation. Initially, we investigated the binding of [18 F]AQ28A to the brain of different species by autoradiography and observed the highest density of binding sites in striatum, the brain region with the highest PDE10A expression. Subsequent dynamic PET studies in mice revealed a region-specific accumulation of [18 F]AQ28A in this region, which could be blocked by preinjection of the selective PDE10A ligand MP-10. In conclusion, the data suggest [18 F]AQ28A is a suitable candidate for imaging of PDE10A in rodent brain by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Wagner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Novel Radioligands for Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography: An Update on Developments Since 2012. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050650. [PMID: 27213312 PMCID: PMC6273803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of intracellular enzymes that inactivate the secondary messenger molecules, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Thus, PDEs regulate the signaling cascades mediated by these cyclic nucleotides and affect fundamental intracellular processes. Pharmacological inhibition of PDE activity is a promising strategy for treatment of several diseases. However, the role of the different PDEs in related pathologies is not completely clarified yet. PDE-specific radioligands enable non-invasive visualization and quantification of these enzymes by positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo and provide an important translational tool for elucidation of the relationship between altered expression of PDEs and pathophysiological effects as well as (pre-)clinical evaluation of novel PDE inhibitors developed as therapeutics. Herein we present an overview of novel PDE radioligands for PET published since 2012.
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8
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Liu J, Wenzel B, Dukic-Stefanovic S, Teodoro R, Ludwig FA, Deuther-Conrad W, Schröder S, Chezal JM, Moreau E, Brust P, Maisonial-Besset A. Development of a New Radiofluorinated Quinoline Analog for PET Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in Brain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E22. [PMID: 27110797 PMCID: PMC4932540 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that play a major role in cell signalling by hydrolysing the secondary messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) throughout the body and brain. Altered cyclic nucleotide-mediated signalling has been associated with a wide array of disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, PDE5 has been shown to be involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, but its precise role has not been elucidated yet. To visualize and quantify the expression of this enzyme in brain, we developed a radiotracer for specific PET imaging of PDE5. A quinoline-based lead compound has been structurally modified resulting in the fluoroethoxymethyl derivative ICF24027 with high inhibitory activity towards PDE5 (IC50 = 1.86 nM). Radiolabelling with fluorine-18 was performed by a one-step nucleophilic substitution reaction using a tosylate precursor (RCY(EOB) = 12.9% ± 1.8%; RCP > 99%; SA(EOS) = 70-126 GBq/μmol). In vitro autoradiographic studies of [(18)F]ICF24027 on different mouse tissue as well as on porcine brain slices demonstrated a moderate specific binding to PDE5. In vivo studies in mice revealed that [(18)F]ICF24027 was metabolized under formation of brain penetrable radiometabolites making the radiotracer unsuitable for PET imaging of PDE5 in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Liu
- INSERM-Université d'Auvergne, UMR 990, IMTV, BP 184, F-63005 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sladjana Dukic-Stefanovic
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Susann Schröder
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- INSERM-Université d'Auvergne, UMR 990, IMTV, BP 184, F-63005 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
| | - Emmanuel Moreau
- INSERM-Université d'Auvergne, UMR 990, IMTV, BP 184, F-63005 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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Development of highly potent phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 1,8-dipyridinyl- and 1-pyridinyl-substituted imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 107:97-108. [PMID: 26562545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of fluorinated inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) which can be used potentially as lead structure for the development of a (18)F-labeled PDE10A imaging agent for positron emission tomography. The use of ortho-fluoropyridines as residues could potentially enable the introduction of (18)F through nucleophilic substitution for radiolabeling purposes. 2-Fluoropyridines are introduced by a Suzuki coupling at different positions of the molecule. The reference compounds, 1,8-dipyridinylimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines and 1-pyridinylimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines, show inhibitory potencies at best in the subnanomolar range and selectivity factors greater than 38 against other PDE's. 1,8-Dipyridinylimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines are more potent inhibitors than 1-pyridinylimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines. Using 2-fluoro-3-pyridinyl as residue provided the most potent inhibitors 16 (IC50 = 0.12 nM), 17 (IC50 = 0.048 nM) and 32 (IC50 = 0.037 nM).
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10
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Schröder S, Wenzel B, Deuther-Conrad W, Teodoro R, Egerland U, Kranz M, Scheunemann M, Höfgen N, Steinbach J, Brust P. Synthesis, 18F-Radiolabelling and Biological Characterization of Novel Fluoroalkylated Triazine Derivatives for in Vivo Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 2A in Brain via Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2015; 20:9591-615. [PMID: 26016549 PMCID: PMC6272448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is highly and specifically expressed in particular brain regions that are affected by neurological disorders and in certain tumors. Development of a specific PDE2A radioligand would enable molecular imaging of the PDE2A protein via positron emission tomography (PET). Herein we report on the syntheses of three novel fluoroalkylated triazine derivatives (TA2–4) and on the evaluation of their effect on the enzymatic activity of human PDE2A. The most potent PDE2A inhibitors were 18F-radiolabelled ([18F]TA3 and [18F]TA4) and investigated regarding their potential as PET radioligands for imaging of PDE2A in mouse brain. In vitro autoradiography on rat brain displayed region-specific distribution of [18F]TA3 and [18F]TA4, which is consistent with the expression pattern of PDE2A protein. Metabolism studies of both [18F]TA3 and [18F]TA4 in mice showed a significant accumulation of two major radiometabolites of each radioligand in brain as investigated by micellar radio-chromatography. Small-animal PET/MR studies in mice using [18F]TA3 revealed a constantly increasing uptake of activity in the non-target region cerebellum, which may be caused by the accumulation of brain penetrating radiometabolites. Hence, [18F]TA3 and [18F]TA4 are exclusively suitable for in vitro investigation of PDE2A. Nevertheless, further structural modification of these promising radioligands might result in metabolically stable derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Ute Egerland
- BioCrea GmbH, Meissner Str. 191, Radebeul 01445, Germany.
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Norbert Höfgen
- BioCrea GmbH, Meissner Str. 191, Radebeul 01445, Germany.
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
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Kniess T, Laube M, Brust P, Steinbach J. 2-[18F]Fluoroethyl tosylate – a versatile tool for building18F-based radiotracers for positron emission tomography. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The review highlights the role of 2-[18F]fluoroethyltosylate ([18F]FETs) in PET radiotracer design since it is a preferred labeling reagent according to its high reactivity to phenolic, amine, thiophenolic and carboxylic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Kniess
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Dresden
- Germany
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12
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Kehler J, Kilburn JP, Estrada S, Christensen SR, Wall A, Thibblin A, Lubberink M, Bundgaard C, Brennum LT, Steiniger-Brach B, Christoffersen CT, Timmermann S, Kreilgaard M, Antoni G, Bang-Andersen B, Nielsen J. Discovery and development of 11C-Lu AE92686 as a radioligand for PET imaging of phosphodiesterase10A in the brain. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1513-8. [PMID: 24994928 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.140178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) plays a key role in the regulation of brain striatal signaling, and several pharmaceutical companies currently investigate PDE10A inhibitors in clinical trials for various central nervous system diseases. A PDE10A PET ligand may provide evidence that a clinical drug candidate reaches and binds to the target. Here we describe the successful discovery and initial validation of the novel radiolabeled PDE10A ligand 5,8-dimethyl-2-[2-((1-(11)C-methyl)-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine ((11)C-Lu AE92686) and its tritiated analog (3)H-Lu AE92686. METHODS Initial in vitro experiments suggested Lu AE92686 as a promising radioligand, and the corresponding tritiated and (11)C-labeled compounds were synthesized. (3)H-Lu AE92686 was evaluated as a ligand for in vivo occupancy studies in mice and rats, and (11)C-Lu AE92686 was evaluated as a PET tracer candidate in cynomolgus monkeys and in humans. RESULTS (11)C-Lu AE92686 displayed high specificity and selectivity for PDE10A-expressing regions in the brain of cynomolgus monkeys and humans. Similar results were found in rodents using (3)H-Lu AE92686. The binding of (11)C-Lu AE92686 and (3)H-Lu AE92686 to striatum was completely and dose-dependently blocked by the structurally different PDE10A inhibitor 2-[4-(1-methyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenoxymethyl]-quinoline (MP-10) in rodents and in monkeys. In all species, specific binding of the radioligand was seen in the striatum but not in the cerebellum, supporting the use of the cerebellum as a reference region. The binding potentials (BPND) of (11)C-Lu AE92686 in the striatum of both cynomolgus monkeys and humans were evaluated by the simplified reference tissue model with the cerebellum as the reference tissue, and BPND was found to be high and reproducible-that is, BPNDs were 6.5 ± 0.3 (n = 3) and 7.5 ± 1.0 (n = 12) in monkeys and humans, respectively. CONCLUSION Rodent, monkey, and human tests of labeled Lu AE92686 suggest that (11)C-Lu AE92686 has great potential as a human PET tracer for the PDE10A enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kehler
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - John Paul Kilburn
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Sergio Estrada
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Wall
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alf Thibblin
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Stine Timmermann
- Department of Quantitative Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark; and
| | - Mads Kreilgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
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Development of (18)F-labeled radiotracers for neuroreceptor imaging with positron emission tomography. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:777-811. [PMID: 25172118 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an in vivo molecular imaging tool which is widely used in nuclear medicine for early diagnosis and treatment follow-up of many brain diseases. PET uses biomolecules as probes which are labeled with radionuclides of short half-lives, synthesized prior to the imaging studies. These probes are called radiotracers. Fluorine-18 is a radionuclide routinely used in the radiolabeling of neuroreceptor ligands for PET because of its favorable half-life of 109.8 min. The delivery of such radiotracers into the brain provides images of transport, metabolic, and neurotransmission processes on the molecular level. After a short introduction into the principles of PET, this review mainly focuses on the strategy of radiotracer development bridging from basic science to biomedical application. Successful radiotracer design as described here provides molecular probes which not only are useful for imaging of human brain diseases, but also allow molecular neuroreceptor imaging studies in various small-animal models of disease, including genetically-engineered animals. Furthermore, they provide a powerful tool for in vivo pharmacology during the process of pre-clinical drug development to identify new drug targets, to investigate pathophysiology, to discover potential drug candidates, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in vivo.
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14
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Schwan G, Barbar Asskar G, Höfgen N, Kubicova L, Funke U, Egerland U, Zahn M, Nieber K, Scheunemann M, Sträter N, Brust P, Briel D. Fluorine-containing 6,7-dialkoxybiaryl-based inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 10 A: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of inhibitory potency, selectivity, and metabolism. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1476-87. [PMID: 24729456 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Based on the potent phosphodiesterase 10 A (PDE10A) inhibitor PQ-10, we synthesized 32 derivatives to determine relationships between their molecular structure and binding properties. Their roles as potential positron emission tomography (PET) ligands were evaluated, as well as their inhibitory potency toward PDE10A and other PDEs, and their metabolic stability was determined in vitro. According to our findings, halo-alkyl substituents at position 2 of the quinazoline moiety and/or halo-alkyloxy substituents at positions 6 or 7 affect not only the compounds' affinity, but also their selectivity toward PDE10A. As a result of substituting the methoxy group for a monofluoroethoxy or difluoroethoxy group at position 6 of the quinazoline ring, the selectivity for PDE10A over PDE3A increased. The same result was obtained by 6,7-difluoride substitution on the quinoxaline moiety. Finally, fluorinated compounds (R)-7-(fluoromethoxy)-6-methoxy-4-(3-(quinoxaline-2-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1-yl)quinazoline (16 a), 19 a-d, (R)-tert-butyl-3-(6-fluoroquinoxalin-2-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (29), and 35 (IC50 PDE10A 11-65 nM) showed the highest inhibitory potential. Further, fluoroethoxy substitution at position 7 of the quinazoline ring improved metabolic stability over that of the lead structure PQ-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Schwan
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig (Germany), Fax: (+49) 341 9736889
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Plisson C, Weinzimmer D, Jakobsen S, Natesan S, Salinas C, Lin SF, Labaree D, Zheng MQ, Nabulsi N, Marques TR, Kapur S, Kawanishi E, Saijo T, Gunn RN, Carson RE, Rabiner EA. Phosphodiesterase 10A PET Radioligand Development Program: From Pig to Human. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:595-601. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.131409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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