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Cothrell A, Cao K, Bonasera R, Tenorio A, Orugunty R, Smith L. Intravaginal Gel for Sustained Delivery of Occidiofungin and Long-Lasting Antifungal Effects. Gels 2023; 9:787. [PMID: 37888361 PMCID: PMC10606712 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are caused by opportunistic pathogens that can be life threatening or debilitating. Candida spp. are becoming increasingly resistant to current clinically approved antifungal therapeutics. Candida infections afflict not only immunosuppressed but also immunocompetent individuals. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a disease that afflicts 5-9% of women. Occidiofungin is a novel cyclic peptide that has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity with a novel fungicidal mechanism of action. A gel formulation containing occidiofungin (OCF001) is being developed for use to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis. The formulated gel for intravaginal application used hydroxyethyl cellulose as the primary gelling agent and hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin as a solubilizing agent for occidiofungin. Franz cells and LC-MS/MS were used to determine the rate of drug substance diffusion in the gel formulation. The formulation was tested in an ex vivo mouse skin efficacy study, and the safety was tested following repeat intravaginal administration in rabbits. In this study, the gel formulation was shown to reduce the drug substance rate of diffusion across a skin memetic membrane. The study showed that the formulation extends exposure time to inhibitory concentrations of occidiofungin over a 24-h period and supports a single daily application for the treatment of RVVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cothrell
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Kevin Cao
- Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA (A.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Rachele Bonasera
- Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA (A.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Abraham Tenorio
- Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA (A.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Ravi Orugunty
- Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA (A.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Leif Smith
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA (A.T.); (R.O.)
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Hsu CC, Hsu I, Lee LH, Hsu R, Hsueh YS, Lin CY, Chang HH. Ovarian Follicular Growth through Intermittent Vaginal Gonadotropin Administration in Diminished Ovarian Reserve Women. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040869. [PMID: 35456706 PMCID: PMC9025251 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a challenge to obtain enough oocytes during in vitro fertilization (IVF) in women who have a poor ovarian response (POR) in achieving conception. We have adopted the characteristics of the first uterine pass effect, which we pioneered in employing the vaginal administration of gonadotropins in women receiving IVF treatments. In our previous study employing vaginal administration, faster absorption and slower elimination of gonadotropins were demonstrated, and, female subjects presented proper ovarian follicle growth and pregnancy rates. In this study, during 2016–2020, 300 to 675 IU of gonadotropins were administered vaginally every three days in 266 POR women for their controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). The injections were performed with needles angled at 15–30° towards the middle-upper portions of the bilateral vaginal wall, with an injection depth of 1–2 mm. For the COH results, these women, on average, received 3.0 ± 0.9 vaginal injections and a total dose of 1318.4 ± 634.4 IU gonadotropins, resulting in 2.2 ± 1.9 mature oocytes and 1.0 ± 1.2 good embryos. Among these embryos, 0.9 ± 1.0 were transferred to reach a clinical pregnancy rate of 18.1% and a live birth rate of 16.7%. In conclusion, the intermittent vaginal administration of gonadotropins proved to be effective in POR women for their IVF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chin Hsu
- Taiwan United Birth-Promoting Experts Fertility Clinic, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (H.H.C.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5683) (H.H.C.)
| | - Isabel Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
| | | | - Rosie Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Shuo Hsueh
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Ying Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (H.H.C.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5683) (H.H.C.)
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Engineering drug delivery systems to overcome the vaginal mucosal barrier: Current understanding and research agenda of mucoadhesive formulations of vaginal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sitruk-Ware R. [New frontiers in contraception research]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:1014-1020. [PMID: 34851278 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving current contraceptives and discover novel methods easy to use with added health benefits would meet the needs of couples who seek alternatives to current methods. New delivery systems target user-controlled, longer-acting options to provide choice, user's autonomy and improve compliance. Self-injections, microarray patches, pod rings able to deliver several molecules aim to prevent both pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Improved intrauterine systems and non-surgical permanent methods are also on the research agenda. The search for novel methods must continue, to curb maternal mortality led by multiple pregnancies and unsafe abortion, still a burden in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régine Sitruk-Ware
- The Population Council, Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, États-Unis
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Haddad LB, Townsend JW, Sitruk-Ware R. Contraceptive Technologies: Looking Ahead to New Approaches to Increase Options for Family Planning. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2021; 64:435-448. [PMID: 34323226 PMCID: PMC8328155 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With persistently high global rates of unintended pregnancy and contraceptive nonuse, nonadherence and discontinuation, new contraceptive methods must address the needs of women and men who seek alternatives to their current options. Methods under development aim to reduce potential side effects, improve access and ease of use, ensure safety, increase secondary benefits associated with method use and expand options for both women and men. Developmental approaches employed to enhance current methods utilize new delivery systems and novel active pharmaceutical ingredients. This will improve overall user satisfaction with the methods used while expanding the number of options available to provide choice and value user autonomy in the highly diverse contraceptive markets around the world.
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Cazorla-Luna R, Martín-Illana A, Notario-Pérez F, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD. Naturally Occurring Polyelectrolytes and Their Use for the Development of Complex-Based Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2241. [PMID: 34301004 PMCID: PMC8309414 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers have several advantages for the development of drug delivery systems, since they are biocompatible, biodegradable and easy to obtain from renewable resources. However, their most notable advantage may be their ability to adhere to biological tissues. Many of these biopolymers have ionized forms, known as polyelectrolytes. When combined, polyelectrolytes with opposite charges spontaneously form polyelectrolyte complexes or multilayers, which have great functional versatility. Although only one natural polycation-chitosan has been widely explored until now, it has been combined with many natural polyanions such as pectin, alginate and xanthan gum, among others. These polyelectrolyte complexes have been used to develop multiple mucoadhesive dosage forms such as hydrogels, tablets, microparticles, and films, which have demonstrated extraordinary potential to administer drugs by the ocular, nasal, buccal, oral, and vaginal routes, improving both local and systemic treatments. The advantages observed for these formulations include the increased bioavailability or residence time of the formulation in the administration zone, and the avoidance of invasive administration routes, leading to greater therapeutic compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María-Dolores Veiga
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-L.); (A.M.-I.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.)
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Rincón-López J, Almanza-Arjona YC, Riascos AP, Rojas-Aguirre Y. Technological evolution of cyclodextrins in the pharmaceutical field. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020; 61:102156. [PMID: 33078064 PMCID: PMC7553870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We herein disclose how global cyclodextrin-based pharmaceutical technologies have evolved since the early 80s through a 1998 patents dataset retrieved from Derwent Innovation Index. We used text-mining techniques based on the patents semantic content to extract the knowledge contained therein, to analyze technologies related to the principal attributes of CDs: solubility, stability, and taste-masking enhancement. The majority of CDs pharmaceutical technologies are directed toward parenteral aqueous solutions. The development of oral and ocular formulations is rapidly growing, while technologies for nasal and pulmonary routes are emerging and seem to be promising. Formulations for topical, transdermal, vaginal, and rectal routes do not account for a high number of patents, but they may be hiding a great potential, representing opportunity research areas. Certainly, the progress in materials sciences, supramolecular chemistry, and nanotechnology, will influence the trend of that, apparently neglected, research. The bottom line, CDs pharmaceutical technologies are still increasing, and this trend is expected to continue in the coming years. Patent monitoring allows the identification of relevant technologies and trends to prioritize research, development, and investment in both, academia and industry. We expect the scope of this approach to be applied in the pharmaceutical field beyond CDs technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rincón-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yara C Almanza-Arjona
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro P Riascos
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yareli Rojas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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Martin-Illana A, Cazorla-Luna R, Notario-Pérez F, Ruiz-Caro R, Bedoya LM, Veiga-Ochoa MD, Rubio J, Tamayo A. Amino Functionalized Micro-Mesoporous Hybrid Particles for the Sustained Release of the Antiretroviral Drug Tenofovir. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3494. [PMID: 32784712 PMCID: PMC7476006 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sustained release of an antiretroviral agent to women mucosa has been proved as an excellent strategy to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV. Hybrid micro-mesoporous particles have been synthesized and functionalized with a silane coupling agent followed by loading the antiretroviral tenofovir. It has been observed that the disposition of the silane molecule on the surface of the particles determines the interaction mechanism with the antiretroviral molecule loaded independently on the surface area of the particles. In this sense, available and free amino groups are required to achieve a smart pH-responsive material, a condition that is only achieved in those materials containing a silane chemisorbed monolayer. Moreover, the modulation of the release kinetics attributed to the presence of the silane monolayer covering the mesopores has been confirmed by fitting the releasing curves to the first order and Weibull models. The developed micro-mesoporous particles have been demonstrated to be excellent smart-release vehicles for antiviral agents and can be safely used in polymer mucoadhesive vaginal gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Martin-Illana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-I.); (R.C.-L.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (M.D.V.-O.)
| | - Raul Cazorla-Luna
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-I.); (R.C.-L.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (M.D.V.-O.)
| | - Fernando Notario-Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-I.); (R.C.-L.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (M.D.V.-O.)
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Caro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-I.); (R.C.-L.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (M.D.V.-O.)
| | - Luis Miguel Bedoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Dolores Veiga-Ochoa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-I.); (R.C.-L.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.); (M.D.V.-O.)
| | - Juan Rubio
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aitana Tamayo
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Garrido PF, Calvelo M, Blanco-González A, Veleiro U, Suárez F, Conde D, Cabezón A, Piñeiro Á, Garcia-Fandino R. The Lord of the NanoRings: Cyclodextrins and the battle against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119689. [PMID: 32717282 PMCID: PMC7381410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A handful of singular structures and laws can be observed in nature. They are not always evident but, once discovered, it seems obvious how to take advantage of them. In chemistry, the discovery of reproducible patterns stimulates the imagination to develop new functional materials and technological or medical applications. Two clear examples are helical structures at different levels in biological polymers as well as ring and spherical structures of different size and composition. Rings are intuitively observed as holes able to thread elongated structures. A large number of real and fictional stories have rings as inanimate protagonists. The design, development or just discovering of a special ring has often been taken as a symbol of power or success. Several examples are the Piscatory Ring wore by the Pope of the Catholic Church, the NBA Championship ring and the One Ring created by the Dark Lord Sauron in the epic story The Lord of the Rings. In this work, we reveal the power of another extremely powerful kind of rings to fight against the pandemic which is currently affecting the whole world. These rings are as small as ~1 nm of diameter and so versatile that they are able to participate in the attack of viruses, and specifically SARS-CoV-2, in a large range of different ways. This includes the encapsulation and transport of specific drugs, as adjuvants to stabilize proteins, vaccines or other molecules involved in the infection, as cholesterol trappers to destabilize the virus envelope, as carriers for RNA therapies, as direct antiviral drugs and even to rescue blood coagulation upon heparin treatment. “One ring to rule them all. One ring to find them. One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.” J. R. R. Tolkien.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F Garrido
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alexandre Blanco-González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Uxía Veleiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fabián Suárez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Conde
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cabezón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Piñeiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Garcia-Fandino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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