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Hibbard T, Shankland K, Al-Obaidi H. Preparation and formulation of progesterone para-aminobenzoic acid co-crystals with improved dissolution and stability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 196:114202. [PMID: 38309539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a new Progesterone (PROG) co-crystal with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) showing enhanced solution properties is reported. PROG-PABA co-crystal was first identified though an in silico coformer screening process using the CSD Co-crystal deign function, then confirmed through a solution evaporation crystallisation experiment. The resulting co-crystal was characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Liquid assisted grinding was selected as a suitable scale up method compared to spray drying and antisolvent methods due to minimal starting material phases in the final product. Following scale up, aqueous solubility, stability and dissolution measurements were carried out. PROG-PABA showed increased distinct aqueous solubility and dissolution compared to PROG starting material and was shown to be stable at 75 % relative humidity for 3 months. Tablets containing co-crystal were produced then compared to the Utrogestan® soft gel capsule formulation through a dissolution experiment. PROG-PABA tablets showed a substantial increase in dissolution over the course of the experiment with over 30× the amount of PROG dissolved at the 3-hour time point. This co-crystal shows positive implications for developing an improved oral PROG formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hibbard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
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2
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Naharros-Molinero A, Caballo-González MÁ, de la Mata FJ, García-Gallego S. Shell Formulation in Soft Gelatin Capsules: Design and Characterization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302250. [PMID: 37775861 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Soft gelatin capsules (SGCs) are the most widely used pharmaceutical form after tablets. The active components, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), or nutrients are dissolved, dispersed, or suspended in a liquid or semisolid fill, which is covered with a gelatin shell. Several factors can modify the properties of the gelatin shell and subsequently affect their operative handling during manufacturing process and the stability of the soft gelatin capsules. Three elements appear to be crucial: the shell formulation (type and content of the different components such as gelatins-source, extraction method-plasticizers, or additives); the manufacture and storage conditions (temperature, humidity, light) as well as the interactions between fill-shell formulas. Mechanical and thermal analysis arise as straightforward but highly useful tools to monitor the properties of the gelatin shell. This review provides an updated overview on the shell formulation and design. Additionally, it presents the uses of mechanical and thermal techniques to characterize and evaluate the impact of different parameters on the gelatin behavior over the production and stability of these pharmaceutical forms. This will help to detect changes that are yet not visible by visual inspection ensuring a suitable finished product over its shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Naharros-Molinero
- BerliMed S.A., Alcalá de Henares, 28806, Spain
- University of Alcala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río", Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Spain
| | | | - F Javier de la Mata
- University of Alcala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río", Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Spain
- Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, 28034, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Gallego
- University of Alcala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río", Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Spain
- Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, 28034, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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3
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Madkhali OA. Drug Delivery of Gelatin Nanoparticles as a Biodegradable Polymer for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases: Perspectives and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4327. [PMID: 37960007 PMCID: PMC10648051 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) for the treatment of infectious diseases. The inherent properties of these nanoparticles make them attractive options for drug delivery. Their biocompatibility ensures that they can interact with biological systems without causing adverse reactions, while their biodegradability ensures that they can break down harmlessly in the body once their function is performed. Furthermore, their capacity for controlled drug release ensures that therapeutic agents can be delivered over a sustained period, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy. This review examines the current landscape of GNP-based drug delivery, with a specific focus on its potential applications and challenges in the context of infectious diseases. Key challenges include controlling drug release rates, ensuring nanoparticle stability under physiological conditions, scaling up production while maintaining quality, mitigating potential immunogenic reactions, optimizing drug loading efficiency, and tracking the biodistribution and clearance of GNPs in the body. Despite these hurdles, GNPs hold promising potential in the realm of infectious disease treatment. Ongoing research and innovation are essential to overcome these obstacles and completely harness the potential of GNPs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Madkhali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45124, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Solnier J, Zhang Y, Kuo YC, Du M, Roh K, Gahler R, Wood S, Chang C. Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of a New Berberine Formulation with Enhanced Absorption In Vitro and in Human Volunteers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2567. [PMID: 38004546 PMCID: PMC10675484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a plant-origin quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid with a vast array of biological activities, including antioxidant and blood-glucose- and blood-lipid-lowering effects. However, its therapeutic potential is largely limited by its poor oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro solubility and Caco-2 cell permeability followed by pharmacokinetic profiling in healthy volunteers of a new food-grade berberine delivery system (i.e., Berberine LipoMicel®). X-ray diffractometry (XRD), in vitro solubility, and Caco-2 cell permeability indicated higher bioavailability of LipoMicel Berberine (LMB) compared to the standard formulation. Increased aqueous solubility (up to 1.4-fold), as well as improved Caco-2 cell permeability of LMB (7.18 × 10-5 ± 7.89 × 10-6 cm/s), were observed when compared to standard/unformulated berberine (4.93 × 10-6 ± 4.28 × 10-7 cm/s). Demonstrating better uptake, LMB achieved significant increases in AUC0-24 and Cmax compared to the standard formulation (AUC: 78.2 ± 14.4 ng h/mL vs. 13.4 ± 1.97 ng h/mL, respectively; p < 0.05; Cmax: 15.8 ± 2.6 ng/mL vs. 1.67 ± 0.41 ng/mL) in a pilot study of healthy volunteers (n = 10). No adverse reactions were reported during the study period. In conclusion, LMB presents a highly bioavailable formula with superior absorption (up to six-fold) compared to standard berberine formulation and may, therefore, have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of berberine. The study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier NCT05370261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Solnier
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Yiming Zhang
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Yun Chai Kuo
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Min Du
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Kyle Roh
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Simon Wood
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;
- InovoBiologic Inc., Calgary, AB Y2N 4Y7, Canada
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chuck Chang
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
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5
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Zheng BD, Yu YZ, Yuan XL, Chen XS, Yang YC, Zhang N, Huang YY, Ye J, Xiao MT. Sodium alginate/carboxymethyl starch/κ-carrageenan enteric soft capsule: Processing, characterization, and rupture time evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125427. [PMID: 37330088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although gelatin has good characteristics in preparing soft capsules, its noticeable shortcomings force researchers to further develop substitutes for gelatin soft capsules. In this paper, sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and κ-carrageenan (κ-C) were used as matrix materials, and the formula of the co-blended solution was screened through rheological method. In addition, films of the different blends were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis, SEM, FTIR, X-ray, water contact angle and mechanical properties. The results showed that κ-C had strong interaction with CMS and SA and the mechanical properties of capsule shell were greatly improved by the addition of κ-C. When the ratio of CMS/SA/κ-C was 2:0.5:1.5, the microstructure of the film was more dense and uniform. In addition, this formula had the best mechanical properties and adhesion properties, and was more suitable for the production of soft capsules. Finally, a novel plant soft capsule was successfully prepared by dropping method, and its appearance and rupture properties met the requirements of enteric soft capsules. In simulated intestinal juice, the soft capsule was almost completely degraded within 15 min, and it was superior to the gelatin soft capsule. Therefore, this study provides an alternative formula for preparing enteric soft capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-De Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yi-Zhu Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Chen
- Sinopharm Xingsha Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361026, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ya-Yan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mei-Tian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China.
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6
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Sampedro-Guerrero J, Vives-Peris V, Gomez-Cadenas A, Clausell-Terol C. Efficient strategies for controlled release of nanoencapsulated phytohormones to improve plant stress tolerance. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:47. [PMID: 37189192 PMCID: PMC10184380 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change due to different human activities is causing adverse environmental conditions and uncontrolled extreme weather events. These harsh conditions are directly affecting the crop areas, and consequently, their yield (both in quantity and quality) is often impaired. It is essential to seek new advanced technologies to allow plants to tolerate environmental stresses and maintain their normal growth and development. Treatments performed with exogenous phytohormones stand out because they mitigate the negative effects of stress and promote the growth rate of plants. However, the technical limitations in field application, the putative side effects, and the difficulty in determining the correct dose, limit their widespread use. Nanoencapsulated systems have attracted attention because they allow a controlled delivery of active compounds and for their protection with eco-friendly shell biomaterials. Encapsulation is in continuous evolution due to the development and improvement of new techniques economically affordable and environmentally friendly, as well as new biomaterials with high affinity to carry and coat bioactive compounds. Despite their potential as an efficient alternative to phytohormone treatments, encapsulation systems remain relatively unexplored to date. This review aims to emphasize the potential of phytohormone treatments as a means of enhancing plant stress tolerance, with a specific focus on the benefits that can be gained through the improved exogenous application of these treatments using encapsulation techniques. Moreover, the main encapsulation techniques, shell materials and recent work on plants treated with encapsulated phytohormones have been compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Sampedro-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gomez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Carolina Clausell-Terol
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
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7
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Kalmer RR, Haddadan MM, Azizi M, Ghanbari M, Samandarian D, Sadjadinia A, Ramezanalizadeh H, Karimi A, Golizadeh M. Industrial Manufacture of Enteric Hard Capsules Using Novel Formulations Based on Hypromellose Phthalate/Gelatin and Investigation of Pantoprazole Release. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11293-11303. [PMID: 37008088 PMCID: PMC10061655 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Capsules are popular oral dosage forms because of their ease of production. They are widespread pharmaceutical products. Hard capsules are preferred dosage forms for new medicines undergoing clinical tests because they do not require expansive formulation development. Functional capsules with built-in gastroresistance, aside from the traditional hard-gelatin or cellulose-based vegetarian capsules, would be beneficial. In this research, the effect of polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG-4000) was investigated on the formulation of uncoated enteric hard capsules based on hypromellose phthalate (HPMCPh) and gelatin. Three different formulations based on HPMCPh, gelatin, and PEG-4000 were tested to achieve the optimal formulation for the industrial production of hard enteric capsules with desired physicochemical and enteric properties. The results reveal that the capsules containing HPMCPh, gelatin, and PEG-4000 (F1) are stable in the stomach environment (pH = 1.2) for 120 min, and during this time, no release happens. The outcomes also demonstrate that PEG-4000 blocks the pores and improves enteric hard capsule formulation. In this research, we present a specific procedure for manufacturing uncoated enteric hard capsules on an industrial scale that does not require an extra coating step for the first time. The industrial-scale validated process can considerably reduce the cost of manufacturing standard enteric-coated dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Azizi
- Iran Gelatin Capsule
Mfg Co., Tehran 3351773415, Iran
| | - Mojgan Ghanbari
- Iran Gelatin Capsule
Mfg Co., Tehran 3351773415, Iran
- Institute of Nano
Science and Nano Technology, University
of Kashan, Kashan, P.O.
Box. 87317−51167, I. R.
Iran
| | | | | | | | - Afzal Karimi
- Iran Gelatin Capsule
Mfg Co., Tehran 3351773415, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies
in Medicine, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mortaza Golizadeh
- Iran Gelatin Capsule
Mfg Co., Tehran 3351773415, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies
in Medicine, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
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8
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Musakhanian J, Rodier JD, Dave M. Oxidative Stability in Lipid Formulations: a Review of the Mechanisms, Drivers, and Inhibitors of Oxidation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:151. [PMID: 35596043 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of lipid-based formulations in addressing solubility and ultimately the bioavailability issues of the emerging drug entities is undeniable. Yet, there is scarcity of literature on lipid excipient chemistry and performance, notably in relation to oxidative stability. While not all lipid excipients are prone to oxidation, those with sensitive moieties offer drug delivery solutions that outweigh the manageable oxidative challenges they may present. For example, caprylocaproyl polyoxylglycerides help solubilize and deliver cancer drug to patients, lauroyl polyoxylglycerides enhance the delivery of cholesterol lowering drug, and sesame/soybean oils are critical part of parenteral nutrition. Ironically, excipients with far greater oxidative propensity are omnipresent in pharmaceutical products, a testament to the manageability of oxidative challenges in drug development. Successful formulation development requires awareness of what, where, and how formulation stability may be impacted, and accordingly taking appropriate steps to circumvent or meet the challenges ahead. Aiming to fill the information gap from a drug delivery scientist perspective, this review discusses oxidation pathways, prooxidants, antioxidants, and their complex interplay, which can paradoxically take opposite directions depending on the drug delivery system.
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Sabara Z, Mutmainnah A, Kalsum U, Afiah IN, Husna I, Saregar A, Irzaman, Umam R. Sugarcane Bagasse as the Source of Nanocrystalline Cellulose for Gelatin-Free Capsule Shell. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:9889127. [PMID: 35198027 PMCID: PMC8860549 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9889127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin-free capsules are possibly produced through an innovation which involves utilizing environmentally friendly materials derived from plants such as bagasse which are produced into nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). This research was conducted to report the extraction and characterization of NCC from the abundant industrial plantation waste of sugarcane and its application as the base material for gelatin-free capsule shell material. The process involved using different concentrations of NCC at 1%, 2%, 4%, and 7% (in wt. %) with the addition of 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (in wt. %) and 1% carbopol (in wt. %). Moreover, the NCC capsules obtained from sugarcane bagasse were tested for moisture content, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, and pH. The results showed that sugarcane bagasse contains 40-50% cellulose, 6.15%-9.5% moisture content which indicates they are potentially better in terms of storage, 7.25-7.85 pH, and 0.05-0.136 MPa gel strength, and the elongation value ranges from 7.19 to 87.51%. These values were discovered to have satisfied the standard requirements as indicated by the optimal concentration of 4% NCC +1% HPMC, which is in line with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), thereby leading to the consideration of the material safe to be used as raw material in making capsule shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Sabara
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Alfirah Mutmainnah
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ummu Kalsum
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Irma Nur Afiah
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ismalia Husna
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malahayati, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Antomi Saregar
- Department of Physics Education, UIN Raden Intan Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Irzaman
- Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rofiqul Umam
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
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Khoa Huynh NA, Do THT, Le XL, Huynh TTN, Nguyen DH, Tran NK, Tran CTHL, Nguyen DH, Truong CT. Development of softgel capsules containing cyclosporine a encapsulated pine essential oil based self-microemulsifying drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Koehl NJ, Shah S, Tenekam ID, Khamiakova T, Sauwen N, Vingerhoets S, Coppenolle H, Holm R. Lipid Based Formulations in Hard Gelatin and HPMC Capsules: a Physical Compatibility Study. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1439-1454. [PMID: 34378150 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the compatibility between hard gelatin and HPMC capsules with a range of different isotropic lipid based formulations containing multiple excipients. METHODS The miscibility was investigated for 350 systems applying five different oils (Labrafac ™ lipophile WL1349, Maisine® CC, Captex 300 EP/NF, olive oil, and Capmul MCM EP/NF), five different surfactans (Labrasol ® ALF, Labrafil M 2125 CS, Kolliphor ® ELP, Kolliphor ® HS 15, Tween 80) and three different cosolvents (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, and Transcutol ® HP). For the isotropic systems capsule compatibility was investigated in both gelatin and HPMC capsules at 25°C at 40% and 60% relative humidity by examining physical damages to the capsules and weight changes after storage. RESULTS The miscibility of lipid based vehicles was best when the formulation contained monoglycerides and surfactants with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value <12. Gelatin capsules in general resulted in a better compatibility when compared to HPMC capsules for the evaluated formulations. Addition of water to the formulation improved the capsule compatibility for both capsule types. The expected capsule mass change could partly be predicted in binary systems using the provided data of the single excipients weighted for its formulation proportion. CONCLUSIONS The capsule compatibility was driven by the components incorporated into the formulations, where more was compatible with gelatin than HPMC capsules. Prediction of the mass change from individual excipient contributions can provide a good first estimate if a vehicle is compatible with a capsule, however, this needs to be proved experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas J Koehl
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sanket Shah
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Djouka Tenekam
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tatsiana Khamiakova
- Quantitative Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson and Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Sauwen
- Open Analytics NV, Jupiterstraat 20, 2600, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sien Vingerhoets
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hans Coppenolle
- Quantitative Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson and Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium. .,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
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12
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Efficient Matrix Cleanup of Soft-Gel-Type Dietary Supplements for Rapid Screening of 92 Illegal Adulterants Using EMR-Lipid dSPE and UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060570. [PMID: 34203614 PMCID: PMC8232078 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient matrix cleanup method was developed for the rapid screening of 92 illegal adulterants (25 erectile dysfunction drugs, 15 steroids, seven anabolic steroids, 12 antihistamines, 12 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), four diuretics, and 17 weight-loss drugs) in soft-gel-type supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). As representative green chemistry methods, three sample preparation methods (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” dispersive solid-phase extraction (QuEChERS-dSPE), and enhanced matrix removal-lipid (EMR-Lipid) dSPE) were evaluated for matrix removal efficiency, recovery rate, and matrix effect. In this study, EMR-Lipid dSPE was shown to effectively remove complicated matrix contents in soft-gels, compared to DLLME and QuEChERS-dSPE. For the rapid screening of a wide range of adulterants, extracted common ion chromatogram (ECIC) and neutral loss scan (NLS) based on specific common MS/MS fragments were applied to randomly collected soft-gel-type dietary supplement samples using UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Both ECICs and NLSs enabled rapid and simple screening of multi-class adulterants and could be an alternative to the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method. The developed method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), precision, accuracy, recovery, and matrix effects. The range of LODs was 0.1–16 ng/g. The overall precision values were within 0.09–14.65%. The accuracy ranged from 81.6% to 116.6%. The recoveries and matrix effects of 92 illegal adulterants ranged within 16.9–119.4% and 69.8–114.8%, respectively. The established method was successfully applied to screen and identify 92 illegal adulterants in soft-gels. This method can be a promising tool for the high-throughput screening of various adulterants in dietary supplements and could be used as a more environmentally friendly routine analytical method for screening dietary supplements illegally adulterated with multi-class drug substances.
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