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Alsaikhan F, Farhood B. Recent advances on chitosan/hyaluronic acid-based stimuli-responsive hydrogels and composites for cancer treatment: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135893. [PMID: 39317275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, as leading cause of death, has a high rate of mortality worldwide. Although there is a wide variety of conventional approaches for the treatment of cancer (such as surgery and chemotherapy), they have considerable drawbacks in terms of practicality, treatment efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, there is a fundamental requirement for the development of safe and efficient treatment modalities based on breakthrough technologies to suppress cancer. Chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) polysaccharides, as FDA-approved biomaterials for some biomedical applications, are potential biopolymers for the efficient treatment of cancer. CS and HA have high biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, and immunomodulatory function which guarantee their safety and non-toxicity. CS-/HA-based hydrogels (HGs)/composites stand out for their potential anticancer function, versatile preparation and modification, ease of administration, controlled/sustained drug release, and active and passive drug internalization into target cells which is crucial for efficient treatment of cancer compared with conventional treatment approaches. These HGs/composites can respond to external (magnetic, ultrasound, light, and thermal) and internal (pH, enzyme, redox, and ROS) stimuli as well which further paves the way to their manipulation, targeted drug delivery, practicality, and efficient treatment. The above-mentioned properties of CS-/HA-based HGs/composites are unique and practical in cancer treatment which can ignore the deficiencies of conventional approaches. The present manuscript comprehensively highlights the advances in the practical application of stimuli-responsive HGs/composites based on CS/HA polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; School of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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2
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Medina-Moreno A, El-Hammadi MM, Martínez-Soler GI, Ramos JG, García-García G, Arias JL. Magnetic and pH-responsive magnetite/chitosan (core/shell) nanoparticles for dual-targeted methotrexate delivery in cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01701-y. [PMID: 39237670 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate successful therapy encounters various challenges in chemotherapy, such as poor oral bioavailability, low specificity, side effects and the development of drug resistances. In this study, it is proposed a dual-targeted nanocarrier comprising magnetite/chitosan nanoparticles for an efficient Methotrexate delivery. The formation of the particles was confirmed through morphological analysis using electron microscopy and elemental mappings via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These nanoparticles exhibited a size of ≈ 270 nm, a zeta potential of ≈ 24 mV, and magnetic responsiveness, as demonstrated by hysteresis cycle analysis and visual observations under a magnetic field. In addition, these particles displayed high stability, as evidenced by size and surface electric charge measurements, during storage at both 4 ºC and 25 ºC for at least 30 days. Electrophoretic properties were examined in relation to pH and ionic strength, confirming these core/shell nanostructure. The nanoparticles demonstrated a pH-responsive drug release as observed by a sustained Methotrexate release over the next 90 h under pH ≈ 7.4, while complete release occurred within 3 h under acidic conditions (pH ≈ 5.5). In the biocompatibility assessment, the magnetite/chitosan particles showed excellent hemocompatibility ex vivo and no cytotoxic effects on normal MCF-10 A and cancer MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the Methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles significantly enhanced the antitumor activity reducing the half-maximal inhibitory concentration by ≈ 2.7-fold less compared to the free chemotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Medina-Moreno
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain
| | - Mazen M El-Hammadi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Gema I Martínez-Soler
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain
| | - Javier G Ramos
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain
| | - Gracia García-García
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, 04120, Spain
- Biomedical Research Unit, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, 04009, Spain
| | - José L Arias
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18011, Spain.
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain.
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS), University of Granada, Granada, 18012, Spain.
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3
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Spicher MT, Schwaminger SP, von der Haar-Leistl D, Peralta MM, Mikacevic G, Wagner FE, Berensmeier S. Pilot-scale co-precipitation synthesis of a novel active ingredient made of ultrasmall iron (oxyhydr)oxide nanoparticles for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16117-16127. [PMID: 38769965 PMCID: PMC11103348 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its simplicity, co-precipitation is the most commonly used method for producing iron (oxyhydr)oxide nanoparticles. However, it is reported to be sensitive to changes in process parameters, which complicates scale-up and is why only volumes up to 1.2 L have been described in the literature. This study aims to demonstrate the scale-up of a co-precipitation synthesis to 100 L using the example of a new phosphate-binding active ingredient based on iron (oxyhydr)oxide. The synthesis was shown to be very robust to changes in synthesis parameters and stirrer geometries. The in vitro phosphate-binding efficacy and the yield were maintained in all five scales tested. Only the content of the components in the nanoparticles varied slightly. However, Mössbauer spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed no evidence of structural changes, but a reduction in the size of the iron (oxyhydr)oxide cores and the total core-shell nanoparticle sizes. Overall, this study has successfully demonstrated that ultrasmall iron (oxyhydr)oxide nanoparticles can be produced on a pilot scale by co-precipitation with a yield of >40 g L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Teresa Spicher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) Giggenhauser Str. 35 85354 Freising Germany +49 8161 491459
- Chair of Bioseparation Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich Boltzmannstraße 15 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sebastian Patrick Schwaminger
- Chair of Bioseparation Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich Boltzmannstraße 15 85748 Garching Germany
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6 8010 Graz Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz Austria
| | - Daniela von der Haar-Leistl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) Giggenhauser Str. 35 85354 Freising Germany +49 8161 491459
| | - Marian Montiel Peralta
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) Giggenhauser Str. 35 85354 Freising Germany +49 8161 491459
| | - Georgina Mikacevic
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) Giggenhauser Str. 35 85354 Freising Germany +49 8161 491459
| | - Friedrich Ernst Wagner
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Chair of Bioseparation Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich Boltzmannstraße 15 85748 Garching Germany
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Dinakar YH, Rajana N, Kumari NU, Jain V, Mehra NK. Recent Advances of Multifunctional PLGA Nanocarriers in the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:258. [PMID: 38097825 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though chemotherapy stands as a standard option in the therapy of TNBC, problems associated with it such as anemia, bone marrow suppression, immune suppression, toxic effects on healthy cells, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) can compromise their effects. Nanoparticles gained paramount importance in overcoming the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Among the various options, nanotechnology has appeared as a promising path in preclinical and clinical studies for early diagnosis of primary tumors and metastases and destroying tumor cells. PLGA has been extensively studied amongst various materials used for the preparation of nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery and adjuvant therapy because of their capability of higher encapsulation, easy surface functionalization, increased stability, protection of drugs from degradation versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Furthermore, this review also provides an overview of PLGA-based nanoparticles including hybrid nanoparticles such as the inorganic PLGA nanoparticles, lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles, cell membrane-coated PLGA nanoparticles, hydrogels, exosomes, and nanofibers. The effects of all these systems in various in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC were explained thus pointing PLGA-based NPs as a strategy for the management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirivinti Hayagreeva Dinakar
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Naveen Rajana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Nalla Usha Kumari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India.
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García-García G, Caro C, Fernández-Álvarez F, García-Martín ML, Arias JL. Multi-stimuli-responsive chitosan-functionalized magnetite/poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles as theranostic platforms for combined tumor magnetic resonance imaging and chemotherapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 52:102695. [PMID: 37394106 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-functionalized magnetite/poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles were formulated by interfacial polymer disposition plus coacervation, and loaded with gemcitabine. That (core/shell)/shell nanostructure was confirmed by electron microscopy, elemental analysis, electrophoretic, and Fourier transform infrared characterizations. A short-term stability study proved the protection against particle aggregation provided by the chitosan shell. Superparamagnetic properties of the nanoparticles were characterized in vitro, while the definition of the longitudinal and transverse relaxivities was an initial indication of their capacity as T2 contrast agents. Safety of the particles was demonstrated in vitro on HFF-1 human fibroblasts, and ex vivo on SCID mice. The nanoparticles demonstrated in vitro pH- and heat-responsive gemcitabine release capabilities. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging studies and Prussian blue visualization of iron deposits in tissue samples defined the improvement in nanoparticle targeting into the tumor when using a magnetic field. This tri-stimuli (magnetite/poly(ε-caprolactone))/chitosan nanostructure could find theranostic applications (biomedical imaging & chemotherapy) against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia García-García
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Caro
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga, C/ Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fátima Fernández-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Luisa García-Martín
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga, C/ Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Málaga, Spain
| | - José L Arias
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, 18016 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Av. de Madrid, 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
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6
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Mamun A, Sabantina L. Electrospun Magnetic Nanofiber Mats for Magnetic Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment Applications-Technology, Mechanism, and Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1902. [PMID: 37112049 PMCID: PMC10143376 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer patients is rapidly increasing worldwide. Among the leading causes of human death, cancer can be regarded as one of the major threats to humans. Although many new cancer treatment procedures such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical methods are nowadays being developed and used for testing purposes, results show limited efficiency and high toxicity, even if they have the potential to damage cancer cells in the process. In contrast, magnetic hyperthermia is a field that originated from the use of magnetic nanomaterials, which, due to their magnetic properties and other characteristics, are used in many clinical trials as one of the solutions for cancer treatment. Magnetic nanomaterials can increase the temperature of nanoparticles located in tumor tissue by applying an alternating magnetic field. A very simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method is the fabrication of various types of functional nanostructures by adding magnetic additives to the spinning solution in the electrospinning process, which can overcome the limitations of this challenging treatment process. Here, we review recently developed electrospun magnetic nanofiber mats and magnetic nanomaterials that support magnetic hyperthermia therapy, targeted drug delivery, diagnostic and therapeutic tools, and techniques for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Mamun
- Junior Research Group “Nanomaterials”, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lilia Sabantina
- Faculty of Clothing Technology and Garment Engineering, HTW-Berlin University of Applied Sciences, 12459 Berlin, Germany
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Kazmi I, Shaikh MAJ, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Al-Abbasi FA, Pandey M, Dureja H, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. Chitosan-based nano drug delivery system for lung cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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8
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Ashrafizadeh M, Hushmandi K, Mirzaei S, Bokaie S, Bigham A, Makvandi P, Rabiee N, Thakur VK, Kumar AP, Sharifi E, Varma RS, Aref AR, Wojnilowicz M, Zarrabi A, Karimi‐Maleh H, Voelcker NH, Mostafavi E, Orive G. Chitosan-based nanoscale systems for doxorubicin delivery: Exploring biomedical application in cancer therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10325. [PMID: 36684100 PMCID: PMC9842052 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry has been a growing multidisciplinary field in recent years showing great promise in biomedical applications, especially for cancer therapy. Chitosan (CS) is an abundant biopolymer derived from chitin and is present in insects and fungi. This polysaccharide has favorable characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of modification by enzymes and chemicals. CS-based nanoparticles (CS-NPs) have shown potential in the treatment of cancer and other diseases, affording targeted delivery and overcoming drug resistance. The current review emphasizes on the application of CS-NPs for the delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DOX), in cancer therapy as they promote internalization of DOX in cancer cells and prevent the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to reverse drug resistance. These nanoarchitectures can provide co-delivery of DOX with antitumor agents such as curcumin and cisplatin to induce synergistic cancer therapy. Furthermore, co-loading of DOX with siRNA, shRNA, and miRNA can suppress tumor progression and provide chemosensitivity. Various nanostructures, including lipid-, carbon-, polymeric- and metal-based nanoparticles, are modifiable with CS for DOX delivery, while functionalization of CS-NPs with ligands such as hyaluronic acid promotes selectivity toward tumor cells and prevents DOX resistance. The CS-NPs demonstrate high encapsulation efficiency and due to protonation of amine groups of CS, pH-sensitive release of DOX can occur. Furthermore, redox- and light-responsive CS-NPs have been prepared for DOX delivery in cancer treatment. Leveraging these characteristics and in view of the biocompatibility of CS-NPs, we expect to soon see significant progress towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesSabanci University, Üniversite CaddesiTuzla, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceIslamic Azad University, Science and Research BranchTehranIran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials ‐ National Research Council (IPCB‐CNR)NaplesItaly
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Materials InterfacesPontedera, PisaItaly
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES)DehradunUttarakhandIndia
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC)EdinburghUK
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR)Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and BiomaterialsSchool of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsCzech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Xsphera Biosciences Inc.BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marcin Wojnilowicz
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) ManufacturingClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstinye UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Hassan Karimi‐Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduPR China
- Department of Chemical EngineeringQuchan University of TechnologyQuchanIran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein CampusJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) ManufacturingClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication FacilityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology–UIRMI(UPV/EHU‐Fundación Eduardo Anitua)Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research GroupVitoria‐GasteizSpain
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore
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Dinakar YH, Karole A, Parvez S, Jain V, Mudavath SL. Organ-restricted delivery through stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for lung cancer therapy. Life Sci 2022; 310:121133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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El-Hammadi MM, Arias JL. Recent Advances in the Surface Functionalization of PLGA-Based Nanomedicines. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:354. [PMID: 35159698 PMCID: PMC8840194 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutics are habitually characterized by short plasma half-lives and little affinity for targeted cells. To overcome these challenges, nanoparticulate systems have entered into the disease arena. Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is one of the most relevant biocompatible materials to construct drug nanocarriers. Understanding the physical chemistry of this copolymer and current knowledge of its biological fate will help in engineering efficient PLGA-based nanomedicines. Surface modification of the nanoparticle structure has been proposed as a required functionalization to optimize the performance in biological systems and to localize the PLGA colloid into the site of action. In this review, a background is provided on the properties and biodegradation of the copolymer. Methods to formulate PLGA nanoparticles, as well as their in vitro performance and in vivo fate, are briefly discussed. In addition, a special focus is placed on the analysis of current research in the use of surface modification strategies to engineer PLGA nanoparticles, i.e., PEGylation and the use of PEG alternatives, surfactants and lipids to improve in vitro and in vivo stability and to create hydrophilic shells or stealth protection for the nanoparticle. Finally, an update on the use of ligands to decorate the surface of PLGA nanomedicines is included in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen M. El-Hammadi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - José L. Arias
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Andalusian Health Service (SAS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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